新教材高中英語Unit3FestivalsandcustomsSectionⅡGrammarandusageIntegratedskills學(xué)案牛津譯林版必修第二冊

SectionⅡGrammarandusage&IntegratedskillsⅠ.核心單詞1．____________vt.&vi.賺得；獲利；贏得2．____________n.鏡子3．____________n.公寓套房4．____________n.鏈子，鏈條；一系列；連鎖店vt.用鎖鏈拴住5．____________n.收入，收益6．____________prep.每，每一7．____________n.包，盒；包裹；一套，一攬子8．____________adj.月亮的，月球的9．____________n.尊敬，尊重；榮幸；榮譽(yù)vt.尊重，尊敬；給予表揚(yáng)；信守10．____________n.一代人；代；一代；產(chǎn)生11．____________n.來源，起源；根源12．____________n.特性；身份13．____________n.責(zé)任，任務(wù)；上班，值班；職責(zé)，稅Ⅱ.拓展詞匯1．_______vt.&vi.賺得；獲利；贏得→____n.薪水；工資2．____vi.&vt.尋找，搜尋；打獵，獵殺；追捕→____n．獵人3．____vt.促進(jìn)，推動；促銷；提升，晉升→____n.晉升；推銷4．____vt.遵守；注意到；觀察；慶?！鷂___n.觀察→____n.觀察者5．____n.民族，國家；國民→____adj.國家的→____n.國籍6．____adj.先前的，以往的；稍前的→____adv.以前；先前Ⅲ.重點(diǎn)短語1．______下定決心2．______剪斷，剪掉3．______使世代相傳，流傳4．______適逢，正當(dāng)5．______為向……表示敬意6．______使某人能夠做某事7．______使某人充滿對……的自豪感Ⅳ.重點(diǎn)句型德拉把頭發(fā)剪掉，賣了二十美元。Della________andsolditfortwentydollars.?第一版塊|重點(diǎn)詞匯詮釋1.earnvt.&vi.賺，掙得（錢等）；贏得earnone's/aliving(by…)(靠……)維持生計earn/makemoney賺錢，掙錢earnsb.sth.為某人贏得/博得……earnafame/areputation贏得名聲earntherespect/trustofsb.＝(earnsb.'srespect/trust)贏得某人的尊敬/信任?Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellingthefish.我爺爺說去年夏天他們靠賣那些魚賺了很多錢。?Heearnshislivingbyteachingatalanguageschool.他靠在語言教書維持生計。?Inordertosupporthisstudy，hisbrothercannotwaittoearnmoney.為了支持他的學(xué)業(yè)，他的哥哥迫不及待地要賺錢。?Hisoutstandingabilityearnedhimaplaceontheteam.他非凡的能力為他在隊中贏得了一席之地。?ThatperformanceearnedheranOscarasBestActressinaLeadingRole.她在那部影片中的表現(xiàn)使她贏得了奧斯卡最佳女主角獎。?Asateacher,shehasearnedtherespectofherstudents.作為教師，她已贏得她的學(xué)生的尊敬。名師點(diǎn)津earnone's/aliving短語中的one's和a不能換成the，且living只能用單數(shù)形式。即學(xué)即練完成句子①M(fèi)oreandmorestudentsaretakingagapyearto________________(賺錢)tosupporttheirstudyfortheirdegree.②Henow__________________(謀生)bywritingnovels.③Asanewteacher,shehas__________________(贏得了我們的尊敬)becauseofherdevotiontomotevt.促進(jìn)，增進(jìn)；促銷；推銷；提升，晉升promotesb.to...提升某人為……promotionn.[C，U]晉升，提升；促銷活動；[U]促進(jìn)?Ithaslongbeenknownthatregularexercisecanpromoteall－roundhealth.經(jīng)常鍛煉能促進(jìn)全面健康，這一點(diǎn)已久為人知。?Duringthesetwoweeks,wehavestudiedandlivedtogether,whichgivesustheopportunitytopromoteourfriendship.在這兩周里，我們一起學(xué)習(xí)、生活，這給了我們增進(jìn)友誼的機(jī)會。?Wewillpromotesafedevelopment,andraisepublicawarenessthatlifemattersmostandthatsafetyesfirst.我們將倡導(dǎo)安全發(fā)展(理念)，增強(qiáng)生命至上、安全第一的公眾意識。?She'sinLondontopromotehernewbook.她在倫敦宣傳她的新書。?Advertisingpaniesarealwayshavingtothinkupnewwaystopromoteproducts.廣告公司總是得想出新辦法來促銷產(chǎn)品。?Sheworkedhardandwassoonpromotedtomanager.她工作努力，很快就被提升為經(jīng)理。特別提示promote“提升，晉升”，常與介詞to連用，尤用于被動語態(tài)。即學(xué)即練判斷下列句子中promote的含義/完成句子①WhiletheoriginalpurposeoftheWorldPostDaywastopromotethepostalserviceworldwide,nowitssignificanceismoreaboutpostalculture.______②Whilewaitingfortheopportunitytogetpromoted,Henrydidhisbesttoperformhisduty.______③Manyonlineshopswillgivecustomersagreatdiscount(折扣)topromotetheirgoods.______④Thelocalgovernmentdoesn'thavetosacrificeenvironmentalprotectionto_________(促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長).3.observevt.慶祝，慶賀；vt.&vi.觀察，監(jiān)視，注視；觀察到，注意到observe＋從句觀察……observesb.doingsth.觀察到/看到某人正在做某事(強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在進(jìn)行)observesb.dosth.觀察到/看到某人做某事(強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生的全過程)observethelaw遵守法律observethelocalcustoms遵循當(dāng)?shù)亓?xí)俗?Ourteacherperformstheexperiment,whilewestudentsobservecarefully.我們老師做實(shí)驗(yàn)，同學(xué)們則認(rèn)真觀察。?Theteacherrequiredthestudentstoobservehowpeopleinthegroupinteractedwitheachother.這位老師讓學(xué)生們觀察這個組內(nèi)的人是如何相互交流的。?Thepoliceobservedhimdrivingat90milesperhour.警察發(fā)現(xiàn)他正以90英里的時速駕車。?Anoldmanobservedthethiefopenthewindowandrunaway.一位老人看到那個小偷打開窗戶就跑掉了。?Thelawmustbestrictlyobservedandanyonewhobreaksitshallbepunished.這項法律必須嚴(yán)格遵守，任何違反它的人都將受到懲罰。?Youshouldobservethelocalcustomswhenyougoabroad.到了國外，你應(yīng)該遵守當(dāng)?shù)氐娘L(fēng)俗。語境助記WhenwetakepartintheparadetoobservetheNationalDay,wemustobservethetrafficrules.Ifweobservesomeoneruntheredlight,weshouldstophim.當(dāng)我們參加游行來慶祝國慶節(jié)的時候，我們必須遵守交通規(guī)則。我們?nèi)绻吹接腥岁J紅燈，應(yīng)該阻止他。即學(xué)即練判斷下列句子中observe的含義/單句語法填空①Thoughhavinglivedabroadforyears,manystillobservethetraditionalChinesecustoms.______②Thescientistdevotedmostofhislifetoobservingthebehaviorofelephants.______③ThefirstUNChineseLanguageDaywasobservedonApril20attheUNHeadquartersinNewYorkin2010.______④WhenIpassedbyhishouse,Iobservedhim____(play)intheyard.⑤Thepoliceofficerobservedtheman____(enter)thebank.⑥Evidencegainedfrom____(observe)andexperimentisoftenusedtoconfirm(證實(shí))ascientifictheory.4.honourn．[U]尊敬，尊重；[sing]光榮，榮幸；vt.尊敬，尊重（某人）；給予表揚(yáng)（或獎勵、頭銜、稱號）inhonourofsb./sth.(＝insb.'s/sth.'shonour)為向……表示敬意havethehonourof(doing)sth.得到某殊榮，有幸做某事Itisanhonour(forsb.)todo...(對某人來說)做……是種榮幸。honoursb.withsth.某事使某人感到榮幸/給予某人表揚(yáng)(或獎勵、頭銜、稱號)be/feelhonouredtodosth.做某事感到榮幸?Thestadiumwasnamedinhonouroftheclub'sfirstchairman.為了紀(jì)念俱樂部的第一任主席，該體育館以他的名字命名。?MayIhavethehonourofdancingwithyou?你能賞光和我跳舞嗎？?Itisagreathonourforustobeinvitedheretomunicatewiththescientistfacetoface.對我們來說，被邀請到這里和這位科學(xué)家面對面交流非常榮幸。?Theuniversityhonouredthestudentwiththespecialprizeforhisacademicexcellence.這所大學(xué)給那個學(xué)生頒發(fā)了特別獎來表彰他的卓越學(xué)術(shù)(成就)。?Iwashonouredtohavebeenmentionedinhisspeech.他在講話中提到了我，我很榮幸。聯(lián)想拓展相關(guān)詞語積累：honourableadj.可敬的，值得欽佩的即學(xué)即練單句語法填空/完成句子①Ifeelgreatlyhonoured____(give)suchachancetoexpressmythankstothoseinsupportoftheprojectallthetime.②Hewashonoured____anawardforexcellenceinteaching.③被選中參加奧運(yùn)會要承擔(dān)巨大的責(zé)任，也享有極大的榮譽(yù)。It'sagreatresponsibilityand____________totakepartintheOlympics.④為紀(jì)念那些在大火中冒著生命危險搶救傷員的消防員，我們舉行了一場儀式。Weheldaceremony____________thefirefightersriskingtheirlivestosavetheinjuredinthebigfire.5.identityn．[U]（區(qū)別人或群體的）特性；[C，U]身份asenseofidentity自我認(rèn)同感national/cultural/socialidentity民族/文化/社會認(rèn)同identitycard(IDcard)身份證identitytheft身份盜竊?Ourstrongsenseofnationalidentityhasbeenshapedbyourhistory.我們強(qiáng)烈的民族認(rèn)同感是由我們的歷史塑造的。?Threemonthshadpassed,buttheidentityofthekillerwasstillunknown.三個月過去了，殺人兇手的身份卻仍未查明。特別提示形近詞：identifyidentifyvt.確定；鑒定；識別，辨認(rèn)出；vi.確定；認(rèn)同，一致即學(xué)即練單句寫作①他出示了一下身份證就進(jìn)去了。________________________________________________________________________②孩子們需要安全感和自我認(rèn)同感。________________________________________________________________________6.previousadj.以往的，先前的previousto在……之前，先于(to為介詞)previouslyadv.以前?ThemostpropertimeforourmeetingisprevioustoFriday.我們的會議最合適的時間是在星期五之前。?Previousstudieshavealsoindicatedthatmilkcanbeexcellentforhelpingsleep.先前的研究也表明牛奶可以很好地幫助睡眠。?ThosearewordsIhavenotpreviouslyusedinanyreports.那些詞在以前的任何報告中我都未曾使用過。語境助記Previoustotheinterview,hehadpreparedforitverycarefully,sohefinallymanagedtobeadmittedtothepany.Becauseofhispreviousworkexperienceinabiggerpany，hedideverythingverywell.,在面試之前，他很認(rèn)真地做好了準(zhǔn)備，所以他最終進(jìn)入了這家公司。因?yàn)樗幸郧霸诟蟮囊患夜竟ぷ鞯慕?jīng)驗(yàn)，所以他什么都做得很好。即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Inthefollowingsection,studentrepresentatives____(previous)selectedaretosharethebookstheythinkreallydeservetoberead.②Theymadefullinvestigationspreviousto____(reach)aconclusion.7.dutyn．義務(wù)，責(zé)任；[pl.]工作任務(wù)，職責(zé)；[U]上班，值班Itissb.'sdutytodosth.(＝Itisthedutyofsb.todosth.)做某事是某人的責(zé)任haveadutytodosth.有義務(wù)做某事doone'sduty盡自己的責(zé)任asenseofduty責(zé)任感on/offduty值班(值勤)/下班(不值勤)?Itisthedutyofeverycitizentoaskwhathecandoforhismunity.問問自己能為社區(qū)做些什么是每個公民的責(zé)任。?Isupposewe'dbetterdoourdutyandreporttheaccident.我認(rèn)為我們最好還是盡職盡責(zé)，報告這起事故。?Thejobwillbeofferedtothemanwhohasrelevantworkexperienceaswellasastrongsenseofduty.這份工作將提供給有相關(guān)工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)和強(qiáng)烈責(zé)任感的人。?Yourdutieswillincludesettingupanewputersystem.你的職責(zé)將包括建立一個新的計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)。?Hegoesondutyat8amandesoffdutyat5pm.他上午8點(diǎn)去上班，下午5點(diǎn)下班回來。詞語辨析dutyn．義務(wù)，責(zé)任，值班dirtyadj.骯臟的，下流的，暗淡的即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Asafamouspublicfigure,youhaveaduty______(behave)yourself,especiallyinpublicplaces.②Peopleworking10or11hoursadayaremorelikelytosufferfromhealthproblemsthanthosewhogo____dutyaftereighthours.③—I'msorry.Isteppedoutsideforasmoke.Iwasverytired.—Thereisnoexcuseforthiswhileyouare____duty.?第二版塊|重點(diǎn)句型解構(gòu)(教材P34)Dellahadherhaircutoffandsolditfortwentydollars.德拉把頭發(fā)剪掉，賣了二十美元。[句式分析]本句中“hadherhaircutoff”為“havesth.done”結(jié)構(gòu)(1)該結(jié)構(gòu)中，have為使役動詞，sth.為賓語，過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示被動含義，sth.與構(gòu)成過去分詞的動詞之間存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。(2)該結(jié)構(gòu)的意思是“使某事被做”，可能是主語自己做，也可能是讓別人做。此時have可用get替換。(3)有時該結(jié)構(gòu)還可表示“遭遇/經(jīng)歷某種不幸的事(此事違背主語的意愿)”。?Hewantstohavehiseyesexaminedtomorrow.他明天想去檢查眼睛。(“檢查”的動作由醫(yī)生來進(jìn)行)?ImusthavetheworkfinishedbeforeSunday.我一定要在周日前完成這項工作。(動作由主語自己“完成”)?Becareful，oryou'llhaveyourhandshurt.當(dāng)心，否則你會弄傷手的。?Unfortunately,lastspringhehadhishouseseriouslydamagedinanunexpectedhurricane.不幸的是，去年春天他的房屋在一場突如其來的颶風(fēng)中嚴(yán)重受損。特別提示此結(jié)構(gòu)是高中英語中的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容，常出現(xiàn)在高考題型語法填空中。即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Richardgotveryupsetandhadhisarms____(cross)afterhearingthesadnews.②Asthewinner,JohnwillreceiveanewNikoncameraand$1，000incash,andhe'llhavehisphoto____(show)onthefrontpageofthenewspaper.Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．Whenlioncubs(幼崽)areyoung,themotherstayswiththemwhilethefatherh____forfood.2．Manyonlineshopswillgivecustomersagreatdiscount(折扣)top____theirgoods.3．Therentofmy____(公寓套房)isveryhigh,foritisconvenientfortheshoppingcenterandtherailwaystation.4．Mostofhis____(收入)isspentonhishouseeverymonth.5．Peopleshould____(遵守)thetrafficruleswhentheytraveltoanewplace.6．Everyonehastoshowtheir____(身份)cardwhentheybuyatrainticketinChina.7．Ourdepartmentusuallybeginsanewweekafterreviewingthe____(先前的)week'swork.8．Theteacherdecidedtogivethetasktothemanwhohadastrongsenseof____(責(zé)任).Ⅱ.單句語法填空1．Myunclewaspromoted____headmasterlastmonth.2．Joiningthefirmasaclerk,hegotrapid____(promote)andendedupasamanager.3．Thetwenty－foursolartermsweredevelopedmainlythroughthe____(observe)ofchangesinseasons.4．YifuLibrarywasnamedinhonour____abusinessmandevotedtoChina'seducation.5．SinceyouaskedmeabouttheNationalDaycelebrationsthisyear,Iamhonoured____(tell)yousomedetails.6．Manystudentstendtofeelnervousprevious____exams.7．Thepoliceofficersare____dutyduringtheSpringFestivalsothatpeoplecanhaveapeacefulandhappyfestival.8．Itiseverybody'sduty____(protect)endangeredspecies,likethegiantpanda.9．IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotograph____(take).語法精講過去將來時過去將來時表示從過去某一時間來看將來要發(fā)生的動作或呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。在英語時態(tài)中，“時”指動作發(fā)生的時間，“態(tài)”指動作的樣子和狀態(tài)。過去將來時的出發(fā)點(diǎn)是過去，即從過去某一時刻看以后要發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。一、過去將來時的構(gòu)成(以動詞do為例)肯定句：主語＋would＋do＋其他．否定句：主語＋wouldnot＋do＋其他．一般疑問句：Would＋主語＋do＋其他？特殊疑問句：疑問詞＋would＋主語＋do＋其他？[1]Hehopedtheconcertwouldhavearelaxedatmosphere.他希望音樂會的氛圍會很輕松。[2]Theytoldmethattheyprobablywouldn'te.他們對我說他們很可能不會來。[3]Wouldheturnupatthemeetingontimeifhetookataxithen?如果他當(dāng)時乘坐出租車能準(zhǔn)時出席會議嗎？[4]Whatwouldyoudoifyouweretherethattime?當(dāng)時如果你在場你會做什么呢？二、過去將來時的基本用法1．表示從過去某時看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常用于賓語從句中。[5]Hesaidhewouldgotothenorthfortheholiday.他說他將去北方度假。2．表示過去的某種習(xí)慣性行為(不管什么人稱，都用would)。[6]Wheneverhehadtime,hewouldhelpvillagerswiththeirwork.他一有時間就幫村民們干活。三、過去將來時的其他幾種表達(dá)方式1．was/weregoingtodo表示過去打算或計劃將要做什么。[7]Shesaidshewasgoingtoreservetwoticketsinadvance.她說她打算提前訂兩張票。2．was/wereabouttodo表示過去即將發(fā)生的動作，不和表示時間段的狀語連用。[8]Shewaiteduntilhewasabouttoleave.她等著一直到他準(zhǔn)備離開。3．was/weretodo表示過去計劃或安排將要做某事。[9]Hesaidhewastoarrangehisholidaywithhiselderbrotherinaweek.他說一周后他將安排和他哥哥的假期。4．was/weredoing這種表達(dá)方式僅限于某些表示位移的動詞，如e，go，arrive，leave等，表示按計劃或安排將要發(fā)生的事。[10]Ididn'tknowwhentheywereingtoexploreforoilagain.我不知道他們什么時候再來勘探石油。5．用某些動詞的過去式表示按計劃或時刻表要發(fā)生的事。[11]TheytoldmeschoolbeganonSeptember1st.他們告訴我9月1日開學(xué)。6．was/wereonthepointofdoing表示“正要……時”。[12]Shewasonthepointofwinningfirstplacewhensheslippedandfell.她即將獲得第一名的時候滑倒了?！倦S堂自測】Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Iaskedhimtogiveupsmoking,buthesaidhe______(notdo)it.2．Whenhe________(open)thedoor,hefoundhehadlefthiskeysinthecar.3．ThismorningIthoughtI________(have)atalkwithyoutonight.4．He________(speak)atthemeeting,buthisheartattackpreventedhim.5．—JackhasreturnedfromAmerica.—Really?I________(call)himwhenyoucamein.Ⅱ.完成句子1．彼得剛要離開辦公室，這時鈴響了。Peter________theoffice____thetelephonerang.2．瑪麗告訴我們，如果下雨的話，她就不和我們一起去了。Marytoldusthatshe________withusifitrained.3．媽媽許諾來年要帶我去北京。Motherpromisedthatshe________metoBeijingthenextyear.4．