考研《英語一》2023年四川省涼山彝族自治州寧南縣高分沖刺試卷含解析

考研《英語一》2023年四川省涼山彝族自治州寧南縣高分沖刺試卷SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)LastSunday,Iwenttotheneighborhoodcaféwithmyfriend.Ontheway,I1anoldlady,whosecarthadbeenknockedoverandher2werescatteredacrossthepavement.Shewas3hergoods.Peoplepassingbywere4herasifshewereabeggar.I5Manythingswererunningthroughmymind.“Whatshouldwedo?”Iaskedmyfriendquietly.“It’snoneofourbusiness.6,youmaygetbothofusintotroubleand7itifyouhelp,”myfriendsaid8andthencontinuedtowalkahead.However,Ifeltgreat9forthispoorlady.“Shereallyneedshelp,”Isaidseriouslyandbeganto10thelady.Icautiously11besidethelady,helpingher.Icouldfeelpassersby12medoubtfully.IknewtheywerethinkingIwas13forhelpingherorthatIhadknockedoverhercardandthereforeIwasassistingheroutof14.“Thankyou,”shewhispered.“Youarewelcome,”Imurmured,offeringa15.Shealsosmiled.Afterallgoodswere16,sheslowlyrosetoherfeet.Shethankedmeagain,andcontinueddownthestreet.YetIknewthathersmileand17wouldalwaysbeimpressedonmymind.Atthatmoment,Ididn’tcareanymorewhatotherpeople18.IsmiledtomyselfbecausealthoughIhadhelpedthatladyinsucha19way,shehadhelpedmemorebyshowingmehowIcouldbe20intheworld.1、A．noticedB．hitC．heardaboutD．waitedfor2、A．cartsB．goodsC．foodsD．clothes.3、A．donatingB．enjoyingC．collectingD．providing4、A．servingB．helpingC．scoldingD．a(chǎn)voiding5、A．shoutedB．hesitatedC．promisedD．ignored6、A．ThereforeB．HoweverC．BesidesD．Thus7、A．a(chǎn)ppreciateB．mindC．changeD．regret8、A．coldlyB．cheerfullyC．frequentlyD．carefully9、A．honorB．pityC．prideD．joy10、A．a(chǎn)pproachB．observeC．understandD．leave11、A．calmeddownB．kneltdownC．gotoffD．endedup12、A．eyeingB．envyingC．a(chǎn)dmiringD．supporting13、A．gratefulB．greatC．a(chǎn)fraidD．crazy14、A．dutyB．sadnessC．hateD．control15、A．helpB．smileC．jobD．suggestion16、A．usedupB．soldoutC．pickedupD．givenout17、A．mercyB．a(chǎn)ppreciationC．effortD．wish18、A．facedB．gaveC．wantedD．thought19、A．longB．hardC．strangeD．small20、A．politeB．fortunateC．differentD．wealthySectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Anewstudyhasdiscoveredthatmeditation（冥想）andoxygensporttogetherreducedepression.TheRutgersUniversitystudyfoundthatthismindandbodycombination,donetwiceaweekforonlytwomonths,reducedthesymptomsforagroupofstudentsby40percent.“Weareexcitedbythefindingsbecausewesawsuchameaningfulimprovementinbothclinicallydepressedandnon-depressedstudents,”saidleadauthorDr.BrandonAlderman.“Itisthefirsttimethatbothofthesetwobehavioralwayshavebeenlookedattogetherfordealingwithdepression.”Researchersbelievethetwoactivitieshaveaninteractiveeffecton

combatingdepression.AldermanandDr.TraceyShorsdiscoveredthatacombinationofmentalandphysicaltraining(MAP)enabledstudentswithmajordepressivedisordernottoletproblemsornegativethoughtsdefeatthem.Rutgersresearcherssaythosewhoparticipatedinthestudybeganwith30minutesoffocusedattentionmeditationfollowedby30minutesofoxygensport.Theyweretoldthatiftheirthoughtsdriftedtothepastorthefuturetheyshouldrefocusontheirbreathing,enablingthosewithdepressiontoacceptmoment-to-momentchangesinattention.Shors,whostudiestheproductionofnewbraincellsinthehippocampus—partofthebraininvolvedinmemoryandlearning—saysscientistshaveshowninanimalmodelsthatoxygensportexercisekeepsalargenumberofcertaincellsalive.Theideaforthehumanintervention（干預）camefromherlaboratorystudies,shesays,withthemaingoalofhelpingindividualsacquirenewskillssothattheycanlearntorecoverfromstressfullifeevents.Bylearningtofocustheirattentionandexercise,peoplewhoarefightingdepressioncanacquirenewlearningskillsthatcanhelpthemprocessinformationandreducetheoverwhelmingrecollectionofmemoriesfromthepast,Shorssays.“Weknowthesetreatmentscanbepracticedoveralifetimeandthattheywillbeeffectiveinimprovingmentalhealth.”saidAlderman.“Thegoodnewsisthatthisinterventioncanbepracticedbyanyoneatanytimeandatnocost.”1、Whatmadetheresearchsodifferent?A．Adoptingawayofmeaningfultalk.B．Combiningthetwobehavioralwaystotreatdepression.C．Treatingdepressionwithspecialmedicine.D．Comparingthedepressedwiththenon-depressed.2、Theunderlinedword“combating”inParagraph3canbereplacedby______.A．fighting B．identifyingC．distinguishing D．examining3、Whatdidtheparticipantsdointheresearch?A．Theydidoxygensporthalfanhourbeforethinking.B．Theythoughtquietlyandthentookexercise.C．Theytookexerciselongerthantheythought.D．Theytookexercisewhilethinkingquietly.4、WhatisShors’mainpurposeofherstudies?A．Tofindoutcertainbraincellsofhumans.B．Tostudytheproductionofnewbraincells.C．Toofferpeopleanewmethodtotreatstress.D．Todecidethelinksbetweenstressandexercise.Text2Oneevening,authorNeil’ssonwasangry.Neilhadsaidoneofthosethingsthatparentssay,like“isn’tittimeyouwereinbed.”Hissonlookedupathim,angryandsaid,“IwishIdidn’thaveadad!IwishIhad…agoldfish!”ThatconversationgavebirthtoNeil’sbook,“TheDayISwappedMyDadforTwoGoldfish”.Thebookisafunnyadventureofasonsearchingforthedadheswapped.Whethertheyrealizeitornot,fathersplayanimportantroleintheirchildren’sdevelopment.RolandWarren,DirectoroftheNationalFatherhoodInitiative,saysthat,“Theshapeoftheirdadshasaroleinthekids’soul.”Iagree.Weliveinthebestoftimesandtheworstoftimesforfatherhood.Weliveinthebestoftimesbecausefatherswhoareengagedintheirchild’slifespendmoretimethanfathersofanypreviousgeneration.WeliveintheworstoftimesbecausetherearestillmillionsofchildrenwhocontinuetomisstheregularpresenceofDad.Whatdifferencedoesadadmake?Aretheyreallythatimportant?Forthemostpart,studieshaveprovedclearlythatfathers,whethertheylivewiththeirchildrenornot,matterinthelivesoftheirchildren.Whenfathersarepresent,theyprovideeconomicsupportfortheirchildrenandcaregivingresponsibilities.Well-fatheredchildrenareshowntobemoreemotionallyintelligentandsociallysuccessfulasadults.Whenfathersareabsent,theirabsencemaynegativelyinfluencechildren’sacademicachievement,generalbehaviouraladjustmentandangermanagement,especiallyinmales.Yetjustbeingphysicallypresentisn’tenoughtobeagreatfather.Itisimportantthatadadbewarmandemotionallyavailabletohischild.Authorandresearcher,JohnGottman,describesthiskindoffatherasan“emotioncoachingfather”.Emotioncoachesareparentswholistentotheirchildren’sfeelings,seethesharingoffeelingsasanopportunityforintimacy（親密）.Itisnotjustthemerepresenceoffathersthatmatters,buthowtheyarepresent.Mostchildrenlongforandneedaloving,devotedandresponsiblefather.1、Theauthorintroduceshistopicby______.A．presentingtheresultsofstudiesB．tellingastoryC．makingacomparisonD．interviewingsomeexperts2、WhatdoestheauthormeaninParagraph2bysaying“Weliveintheworstoftimes…”?A．Today’sfathersdon’tcareabouttheirchildren’semotions.B．Lotsofchildren’sfathershavetoworkeveryday.C．Lotsofchildren’sfathersareabsentfromtheirlives.D．Today’sfathersdon’thavecaregivingresponsibilities.3、Accordingtothetext,awell-fatheredchildismorelikelyto_______.A．losecontrolofangerB．obtainhighacademicachievementC．havelowemotionalintelligenceD．havegoodsocialskills4、Wecanlearnfromthetextthatan“emotioncoachingfather”isafatherwho______.A．giveseconomicsupporttohischildB．shareshischild’semotionsC．triestochangehischild’semotionsD．isalwaysavailabletohischildText3Astheweathergetscolder,westartwearingjackets,andmostofusstopthinkingaboutthesun.Butthesun’srayscanbejustasharmfulwhenit’scoldandcloudyoutside.“Anyexposedareaofyourbodycanstillgetsunburned,”Dr.AppleBodemer,anassociateprofessorattheUniversityofWisconsin-Madison,toldLiveScience.Whetheryouspendadayontheslopes,skatingonapondorclearingsnowoutofyourdriveway,yourfaceisstillgettingexposedtothesun’sradiationintheformofultraviolet(紫外線)(UV)light,whichcangodeepintoyourskincellscausingDNAdamage,accordingtoBodemer.Thesun’slongultravioletA(UVA)wavescancauseearlieraging,sunspotsandwrinkles,whileitsshortultravioletB(UVB)raysareknownforcausingskinreddeningandburns.SkindamagecausedbyUVexposureincreasesovertime.Moreexposuretoradiationcontributestomoreseveredamage,evenskincancer.Inaddition,snowandicecanalsomakesundamageworse.Theyreflectupto80percentofUVraysreachingtheground.Thatmeansyougethitfromboththeskyandtheground.AndskiersandsnowboardersincreasetheirriskofgettingsunburnedevenmorebecauseUVexposureincreasesathigheraltitudes.“Generally,thebiggestfactorforsun-sensitivityishowpaleyourskinis,”hesaid.“But,therealityisthateventhedarkestindividualcangetsundamage.”Luckily,thesolutionforprotectingyourskinissimple:Wearsunscreeneveryday.Rigelrecommendedusingsunscreenwithasunprotectionfactor(SPF)ofatleast30,andgoinghigherathighaltitudes.Asaruleofthumb,SPF30willblock97percentofUVBrays,SPF50blocking98percent,andSPF100blocking99percent.Whateverkindofsunscreenyouuse,it’simportanttoapplySPFaboutonceevery2hours.Rigelalsosuggestedsunscreenswith“broadspectrum(光譜)”—toprotectagainstbothUVBandUVArays—aswellassunscreensthatarewaterresistantforupto80minutes.Thatway,youcangoaboutyourdaywithoutitwearingofftooquickly.1、WhichofthestatementsbestdescribesUVlights?A．UVBlightscausemuchlessdamagetoskinthanUVAlights.B．SkindamagefromUVlightscanhetotallypreventedbysunscreen.C．SnowandicemakepeoplesuffermuchmorefromUVlightdamage.D．Peopleoutdoorsneedn’tworryaboutgettingsunburnedonacoldday.2、Whichisthemostvitalfactorasforsundamage?A．Yourskincolor. B．Theclothesyouwear.C．Thealtitudeofyourplace. D．Theweatherwhenyouareoutside.3、Whatdoweknowaboutsunscreen?A．ThelowersunscreenSPFis,thebettereffectitwillhave.B．PeopleworkinginhighmountainsneedsunscreenSPF30.C．Applyingsunscreenoncewhenoutsideisnecessary.D．Waterresistantsunscreencanbeappliedonceevery80minutes.4、Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A．BeingExposedtoSunRays B．UltravioletA&UltravioletBC．GettingLessSunburninWinter D．DifferentKindsOfSunscreensText4KoreaWhilemanyKoreanspreferWestern-styleweddingsinwhichthebridewearsawhileweddingdress,somecouplesarestillcarryingoutthe“Pyebaek”–aKoreanweddingcustom.ThePyebaekisheldaftertheofficialceremony,andiswhenthebridepaysrespectstoherparents-in-lawforthefirsttime.Thenewcouplebowdeeplybeforetheparents,andtheyexchangejujube(棗)andchestnuts(栗子)—symbolsforchildrenandgoodfortune.—SujeanPark,HuffPostKoreaJapanForJapaneseweddings,it’scustomaryforgueststobringcashasagiftforthenewcouples.Theamountdependsontheguest’srelationshiptothecouple—onaverage,friendswouldgive$300,andfamilymembersmaygiveupto$1,000.Thebillsshouldbeunfolded,freshlyprinted.They’retypicallyputinaspecialenvelopssignedbytheguest.Guestsleavetheenvelopesatareceptiondeskattheceremonyandreceiveweddingfavorsinreturn.—RyanTakeshita,HuffPostJapanBrazilInBrazilianweddings,thebestmancutsthegroom’stieintoseveralpiecesandsellsthemtotheweddingguestsatwhateverpricetheychoosetopayforit.Themoneythat’scollectedusuallygoestowardthecouple’shoneymoon.Brazilianweddingswouldn’tbecompletewithoutpastriescalled“bem-casados”,or“happilymarried”.Thesearetinysweetcakeswithacondensedmilk(煉乳)fillingthataremeanttobringgoodlucktothenewcouples.—AndreaMartinelli,HuffPostBrazil1、InKoreanweddings,________.A．onlywestern-styleweddingsarefavored B．thecouplemustbothwearawhitedressC．thebrideshowsrespectstoherparents D．somecouplesstillobservetheirtraditions2、WhenattendingaJapanesefriend’swedding,you’dbetter________.A．foldthenewbillsinanenvelope B．contain$300inaspecialenvelopeC．carryanenvelopewithaletterasagift D．givemorethan$1,000tothenewcouple3、WhydopeoplemakepastriesinBrazilianweddings?A．Tosharethenewcouples’stories.B．Toraisemoneyforthenewcouples.C．ToshowtheirexcellentcookingskillsD．Toexpressgoodwishestothenewcouples4、What’sthepurposeofwritingthistext?A．Tosharesomeweddingcustomsroundtheworld.B．Toadvisepeoplehowtomakepreparationsforweddings.C．Toshowthedifferentcustomsbetweendifferentcountries.D．Tocheckhowmuchyouknowaboutweddingcustoms.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrectFortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblankOntheafternoonof11March2011,TetsuNozakiwatchedhelplesslyasawallofwater1．(crash)intohisboatsinOnahama,asmallfishingportonJapan'sPacificcoast2．(spend)thepasteightyearsrebuilding,theFukushimafishingfleetisnowconfrontingyetanothermenace—theincreasinglikelihood3．thenuclearplant'soperator,TokyoElectricPower(TEPCO),willdumphugequantitiesofradioactivewaterintotheocean"Westronglyopposeanyplanstodischargethewaterintothesea,"Nozaki,headofFukushimaprefecture'sfederationoffisheriescooperatives,toldtheGuardianCurrently,justoveronemilliontonnesofcontaminatedwaterisheldinalmost1,000tanksatFukushimaDaiichi,buttheutilityhaswarnedthatitwillrunoutofspacebythesummerof4．5．(release)thewastewaterintotheseawouldalsoangerSouthKorea,addingtopressureondiplomatictiesSeoul,whichhasyettoliftanimportbanonFukushimaseafood6．(introduce)in2013,claimedlastweekthatdischargingthewaterwouldposea"gravethreat"7．themarineenvironment—achargerejectedbyJapanJapaneseGovernmentofficialssaytheywon'tmakeadecision8．theyhavereceivedareportfromanexpertpanel,buttherearestrongindicationsthatdumpingispreferredoverotheroptions9．vaporising,buryingorstoringthewaterindefinitelyCriticssaythegovernmentisreluctant10．(support)thedumpingoptionforfearofcreatingfreshcontroversyoverFukushimaduringtheRugbyWorldCup,11．startsthisweek,andthebuilduptothe2020TokyoOlympicsSofar,ChinaEasternAirlines1．(receive)approval(批準)fiomtheMinistryoflndustryandInformationTechnologytoofferin-flightWi-Fiserviceon21airplanesThecarrierbecomesChina'sfirstairlinecompany2．（provide)Wi-FiserviceforbothdomesticandinternationalflightsPassengers3．(leave)forNewYork,LosAngeles,SanFrancisco,Toronto,BeijingandGuangzhouwillhaveaccess4．meWi-FiservicethroughatelecommunicationsatelliteTheflightswillbegintoprovidetheserviceinonemonthafteroperational5．（prepare)TheWi-Fiservicewillbefreeinthe21airplanesatthebeginning,6．a(chǎn)chargelistisnowunderdiscussionThecompanyplanstoputinWi-Fiservice7．(equip)inallairplanesby2019-8．OthercarriersinChina,suchasAirChinaandHainanAirlinesalsohavebeenfollowingthisattemptinsomeoftheirflightsduringthepastfewyearsIndustryexpertsnotethat9．a(chǎn)pprovalfortheWi-Fiserviceon21airplanesisatrialforcommercialin-flightIntemetserviceoperationsinChinaAviation(航空)businessstaffsaythatChinahasthepotentialtobecometheworld's10．(large)aviationmarket,11．islikelytocreatetensofbillionsofyuaninprofitintheaviationIntemetbusinessSectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Iscollegereallyworththecost?Let’sexploresomeoftheprosandcons．Ittakesmoneytomakemoney．Docollegegraduatesmakeahighersalary?Ingeneral,yes．Thosewithabachelor’sdegreemakenearlytwicetheincomeofsomeonewithonlyahighschooldiploma．1、Amongthemajorsthatmakethemostmoneyoutofcollegeareengineering,mathandcomputerscience．Notsurprisingly,someofthelowestincludeart,religiousstudies,andearlychildhoodandelementaryeducation．2、Theaveragecostofayearoftuition(學費)intheUnitedStatesismorethan$30,3、That’sjustoneyear．Becauseofthat,manycollegegraduatescomeoutwithdebtthatannoysthemforyearsaftertheygraduate．Formanytradesmen,aspecialskillintheirspecificfieldisallthat’sneededtomakenotonlyafairlygoodliving,butacomfortableone．Theaverageelectrician,forexample,makes$58,933,whereastheaveragepreschoolteacher,aftercollege,makesaround$30,3、4、Collegegradshavehigherjobsatisfaction．Anotherplusforgoingtocollege?Ingeneral,collegegraduatesaremoresatisfiedwiththeirjobs—57percentofcollegegraduatesaresatisfiedintheircareersascomparedto37percentofpeoplewithjustahighschooldiploma．What’smore,collegegraduatesarelessaffectedbyjobcutswheneconomyisweak．5、Theyalsohaveabettersocialnetwork．Collegealsoprovidesnumbersofsocialbenefits,providingsocialnetworksthatstaywithpeoplethroughouttheirlives．6、Thecollegeyearsareformativeyearsinourlives．A．Butcollegetuitionispricy．B．Betteruniversitiescostmorebutbringmore．C．Thatbeingsaid,notallcollegemajorsarecreatedequal．D．Theyreallyhaveabettersenseofachievementintheircareer．E.Theyaremoremarketableandcangenerallyfindanotherjobmoreeasily．F.Howmanypeopledoyouknowwhomettheirfuturewifeorhusbandincollege?G.Andthatsalarydoesn’tfactorinthecosttopaybackstudentloansfromfouryearsofcollege．根據(jù)短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。其中有兩項為多余選項。Inmanypartsoftheworld,carsplayanimportantroleindailylifeandmanysocietieswouldnotexistwithoutthem.1、Butthisisthepredictionmadebyateamoftransportresearcherswhoaretakenseriously,notonlybygovernmentbutalsobycarmanufacturers(制造商).TheHumanScienceandAdvancedTechnologyInstituteatLoughboroughinthe