寒假高三英語講座一：主謂一致

主謂一致主謂一致指句子的主語和謂語動(dòng)詞人稱和數(shù)上應(yīng)該保持一致。

1.主謂一致有三條基本原則

（1）語法形式上的一致主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Hislatestbookisworthreading.JaneandMarylookalike.

（2）意義上一致A.主語形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Thecrowdwererunninginalldirections.單數(shù)形式代表復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容的詞有：people,cattle,police等。B.

主語形式為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義卻是單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：Thenewswasveryexciting.形復(fù)意單的單詞有：news,works（工廠）和一些以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱,如physics,politics,economics等。（3）就近原則即謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語，如用連詞or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等連接的并列主語，如一個(gè)是單數(shù)，一個(gè)是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語一致。例如：EitheryourstudentsorMrWangknowsthis.2.主謂一致中的特殊例證（1）名詞作主語A.某些集體名詞，如family等作主語時(shí)，如果作為一整體看待，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如果就其中一個(gè)個(gè)成員而言，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Hisfamilyisgoingtohavealongjourney.ThewholefamilyarewatchingTVnow.這類名詞有：audience,class,club,committee,company,team,crew,government,group,party等。名詞population一詞的使用情況類似。例如：ThepopulationofChinaisverylarge,andeightypercentofthepopulationinChinaarefarmers.“a

group(crowd)of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”等短語之后的謂語動(dòng)詞也同樣可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)，前者強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，后者強(qiáng)調(diào)各個(gè)部分。B.單、復(fù)同形的名詞作為語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Asheepisoverthere./Somesheepareoverthere.

C.

名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略，這種情況一般只指商店、住宅等；作主語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。例如：Thedoctor’sisonthesideofthestreet.Myuncle’sisnotfarfromhere.常見的省略名詞有：thebaker’s,thebarber’s,thecarpenter’s,theZhang’s等。D.當(dāng)名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量、距離、金額、時(shí)間、書名等復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，往往可以根據(jù)意義一致的原則，把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語用單數(shù)形式。例如：Threeyearshaspassed.Fiveminutesisenoughtodothisexercise.E.

不定代詞each,every,no所修飾的名詞即使以and連接成多主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。例如：Eachboyandeachgirlwantstoservethepeopleinfuture.No

boy

and

no

girl

in

our

class

hasbeento

BeijingF.

如果主語有morethanone…或manya…構(gòu)成，盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)的內(nèi)容，但它的謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。例如：Morethanonestudenthasseenthefilm.Manyashiphasbeendamagedinthestorm.但是“more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+thanone”結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語動(dòng)詞一般多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Moremembersthanoneareagainsttheplan.G.

一些有兩個(gè)部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語時(shí)，謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses,chopsticks,scissors等。但如果主語用“akindof,apairof,aseriesof等加名詞”構(gòu)成時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。例如：Apairofscissorswasonthedeskatthattime.注意：thiskindof+book作主語時(shí)謂語用單數(shù)，booksofthiskind/allkindsofbooks作主語時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù)H.復(fù)數(shù)形式的單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時(shí)，按意義一致的原則，用作單數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)，反之，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。這類名詞有means,Chinese,Japanese等。Everymeansispossible./Notallmeansareuseful.I.

如果名詞詞組中心詞是all,most,half,rest等詞語，所指是復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，反之，用單數(shù)。例如：Allofmyclassmatesworkhard.Allofthewaterisgone.J.

在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。例如：Betweenthetwowindowhangsapicture.(2)從句作主語時(shí)A.由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)，但所指的具體內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Whatweneedismoretime.Whatweneedaredoctors.B.在“oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/that/which”引導(dǎo)的從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞的先行詞是靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞而不是one，因此，從句中的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Thisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthathavebeenasked.但是當(dāng)one之前有only,thevery等修飾語時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞的先行詞是one，而不是靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，因此從句的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)是單數(shù)形式。例如：Shewastheonlyoneofthegirlswhowaslaterforthemeeting.（3）非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語單個(gè)的不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Havingsupperoutdoorsonahotsummerdayisreallygreatfun.Tosayiseasierthantodo.Whenandwheretobuildthenewschoolhasn’tbeendecidedyet.（4）并列成分作主語A.用and或both…and連接并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Plasticsandrubberneverrot.Bothwalkingandridingaregoodexercises.但是，并列主語如果指的是同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，這時(shí)and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。例如：Truthandhonestyisthebestpolicy.Thegirl’steacherandfriendisayoungdoctor.Toloveandtobelovedisthegreathappiness.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisagoodhabit.Aknifeandfolkisonthetable.B.

當(dāng)主語后面跟有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,with,like,ratherthan,togetherwith,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)使用就遠(yuǎn)原則。例如：Theteacheraswellashisstudentsisreadingthebook.Theroomwithitsfurniturewasrentedyesterday.C.以or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等連接的名詞（代詞）作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)就近一致的原則。例如：Tomorhisbrothersarewaitingintheroom.Eitheryouorheistogo.NeitheryounorInoranybodyelseknowsanythingaboutit.(5)數(shù)量詞作主語A.“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,aheapof,heapsof,halfof+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞要與短語中后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致，這是因?yàn)槎陶Z中后面的名詞是中心詞，而前面的量詞是修飾詞。例如：Lotsofdamagewascausedbythefire.Aboutthree-fourthsoftheearth’ssurfaceiscoveredbywater.Three-fifthsoftheworkersherearewomen.和這種情況類似的還有“anumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。但是“thenumber+名詞”的中心詞卻是number。試比較：Anumberofstudentshavegonetothecountrysidetohelpwiththeautumnharvest.Thenumberofpagesinthisbookistwohundred.B.largequantitiesof,largecollectionsof,goodsuppliesof不管修飾可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)的名詞，都要用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。alargequantityof,acollectionof,agoodsupplyof不管修飾可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)的名詞，都要用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。試比較：Largequantitiesofmoneyhavebeensentthere.Alargequantityofbookshasbeenofferedtothelibrary.Thereisagoodsupplyofclothesforeveryone.Goodsuppliesofwaterhavebeencarriedtothedesert.C.agreatdealof,alargeamountof,修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。D.表示數(shù)量的oneandahalf后，名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但是其短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.（6）the+形容詞/-ed

分詞作主語時(shí)，

動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。常見的的：thepoor/theold/theyoung/thewounded/the

accused/theunemployed等。例如：Onlyoneofthepassengerswasinjuredinthetrafficaccidentandtheinjuredhavebeensenttothehospital.Theoldaretakengoodcareofinthiscommunity.（7）the+姓+s表示一家人或夫妻二人時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The

Browns

aregoingto

move

to

Australia.（8）noneof+n.+v.動(dòng)詞可用復(fù)數(shù)或單數(shù);either/neitherof+n.+v.動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)；either/neither+n.+v.動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)（9）加，減,乘，除:動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。Twotimesthreeis(equals)six.Tenaddedtoeightiseighteen.（10）“a+單數(shù)名詞+ortwo”結(jié)構(gòu)多用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞;“oneortwo+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)多用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。Adayortwoisenough.Oneortworeasonsweresuggested.（11）each作同位語：謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Thestudentseachhaveboughtadictionary.（12）Therebe句型中，be動(dòng)詞的形式要和其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,

如果有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞作主語時(shí)，be動(dòng)詞常與最靠近它的那個(gè)主語在數(shù)上保持一致（就近原則）。Thereisanorangeandsomebananasinthebasket.Therearesomebananasandan

orangeinthebasket.近幾年英語高考主謂一致真題（2013江蘇）Generally,students’innermotivationwithhighexpectationsfromothers______essentialtotheirdevelopment.A.is B.are C.was D.were(2011江蘇)Thefactthatsomanypeoplestillsmokeinpublicplaces_____thatwemayneedanationwidecampaigntoraiseawarenessoftherisksofsmoking.suggest B.suggestsC.suggested D.suggesting答案A答案B（2011安徽卷）Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials,therestofwhich_____savedforotherpurposes.A.is B.are C.was D.were答案D（2011湖南卷）Onethirdofthecountry______coveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizens______blackpeople.A.is,areB.is;isC.are;areD.are;（2010全國卷）Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe’stheonlyoneofthewomenwho_______eveningdress.A.wearB.wearsC.haswornD.haveworn（2010湖南卷）Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcerts

causedhearinglossinsometeenagers.A.is B.are C.hasD.have（2010四川卷）SuchpoetsasShakespeare______

widelyread,ofwhoseworks,however,some

difficulttounderstand.A.are；areB.is；isC.are；isD.is：are答案A答案B答案C答案A（2009四川卷）Theteachertogetherwiththestudents_______discussingReadingSkillsthat______newlypublishedinAmerica.are;wereB.is;wereC.are;wasD.is;was（2008陜西卷）—Didyougototheshowlastnight?—Yeah.Everyboyandgirlinthearea

invited.A.wereB.havebeenC.hasbeen D.was（2007陜西卷）Asaresultoftheseriousflood,two-thirdsofthebuildingsinthearea

.A.needrepairing B.needstorepairC.needsrepairing D.needtorepair答案D答案D答案A（2007上海卷）Asurveyoftheopinionsofexperts

thatthreehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweek

goodforone’shealth.

A.show;are

B.shows;is

C.show;is

D.shows;are（2005山東卷）Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearth

eachyear.A.iswashingawayB.isbeingwashedawayC.arewashingawayD.arebeingwashedaway（2004上海卷）NooneinthedepartmentbutTomandI____thatthedirectorisgoingtoresign.

A.knows

B.know

C.haveknown

D.amtoknow答案B答案D答案A2004福建卷）Shehassetanewrecord,thatis,thesalesofherlatestbook___50million.A.havereached

B.hasreached

C.arereaching

D.hadreached（2001上海卷）Everypossiblemeans_____topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.

A.isused

B.areusedC.hasbeenused

D.havebeenused（2003上海線卷）Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday_________yet.

A.arenotdecided

B.havenotbeendecided

C.isnotbeingdecided

D.hasnotbeendecided答案A答案C答案D

你都能填對(duì)嗎？Fishandchips____(be)apopulartake-awayfood.2.Cattle_____(be)alsokeptonthisfarm.3.Breadandbutter____(be)adailyfoodintheWest.4.TheNewYorkTimes_____(have)awidecirculation.5.NeartotheAtlanticcoast____(be)NiagaraFalls.6.Thirtykilometers______(be)agooddistance.7.All_____(be)presentandall_____(be)goingwell