(英語)高一英語閱讀理解題20套(帶答案)及解析

實用文檔實用文檔-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-CompanyOne1-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-CompanyOne1(英語)高一英語閱讀理解題20套(帶答案)及解析PAGE（英語）高一英語閱讀理解題20套(帶答案)及解析一、高中英語閱讀理解1．閱讀理解

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October8【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹在WashingtonDC的BusTours。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)BestMountVernon&ArlingtonCemeteryTourfromWashingtonDC部分中的“YourtourguidewillaccompanyyouthroughMountVemon,tellingyouaboutalloftheattractionsthereandthehistoryofGeorgeWashington'shomeonthePotomacRiver.”可知，在BestMountVemon&ArlingtonCemeteryTour會為你提供觀光船。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)TheBestMinibusTourin

Washington

DC.部分中的“PleaseNote:Ratesforthistourvarybydayoftheweek.Whenyouchooseyourspecificdateontheavailabilitycalendar,theratesforthatdatewillbedisplayed.”可知，TheBestMinibusTour的特殊之處是它的價格不是固定的。故選A。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)TheBlossomsTourinWashingtonDC.部分中的“BESTWAYtoExperiencetheCherryBlossoms!EachyearfrommidMarchtomidApril,seethebeautiful”可知，所給日期中的March27最適合TheBlossomsTour。故選C。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀?？忌跍?zhǔn)確掌握細節(jié)信息的同時，需根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

Nopoemshouldeverbediscussedor"analyzed",untilithasbeenreadaloudbysomeone,teacherorstudent.Betterstill,perhaps,isthepracticeofreadingittwice,onceatthebeginningofthediscussionandonceattheend,sothesoundofthepoemisthelastthingonehearsofit.

Alldiscussionsofpoetryare,infact,preparationsforreadingitaloud,andthereadingofthepoemis,finally,themosttelling'interpretation'ofit,suggestingtone,rhythm,andmeaningallatonce.Hearingapoetreadtheworkinhisorherownvoice,onrecordsoronfilm,isobviouslyaspecialreward.Buteventhoseaidstoteachingcannotreplacethestudentandteacherreadingitor,bestofall,recitingit.

Ihavecometothink,infact,thattimespentreadingapoemaloudismuchmoreimportantthan"analyzing"it,ifthereisn'ttimeforboth.IthinkoneofourgoalsasteachersofEnglishistohavestudentslovepoetry.Poetryis"acriticismoflife","aheighteningoflife,enjoymentwithothers".Itis"anapproachtothetruthoffeeling",andit"cansaveyourlife".Italsodeservesaplaceintheteachingoflanguageandliteraturemorecentralthanitpresentlyoccupies.

IamnotsayingthateveryEnglishteachermustteachpoetry.Thosewhodon'tlikeitshouldnotbeforcedtoputthatdislikeonanyoneelse.Butthosewhodoteachpoetrymustkeepinmindafewthingsaboutitsessentialnature,aboutitssoundaswellasitssense,andtheymustmakeroomintheclassroomforhearingpoetryaswellasthinkingaboutit.（1）Thepassageindicatesthatanalyzingapoemis

.A.

notessentialatall

B.

apreparationforappreciatingitC.

anapproachtounderstandingit

D.

optionalinclasssometimes（2）Therecitationofapoembytheteacherorastudentintheclassroom

.A.

isthebestwaytounderstandit

B.

easilyarousessomediscussionamongthestudentsC.

helpstheteachertoanalyzeit

D.

cannottaketheplaceofthepoetreadingit（3）WhichofthefollowingstatementsmaytheauthoragreewithA.

Themostimportantteachinggoalistohavestudentsreadandreciteeverypoemtheylearn.B.

Poetryisthefoundationofalllanguagesandliteraturecourses.C.

Theteachingofpoetryshouldhavebeenmuchmorestressed.D.

EveryEnglishteacherissupposedtoconveytheirloveofpoetrytotheirstudents.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，作者闡述了詩歌教學(xué)的重要性。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Ihavecometothink,infact,thattimespentreadingapoemaloudismuchmoreimportantthan'analyzing'it,ifthereisn'ttimeforboth”可知,如果課堂上沒有時間同時朗讀和分析詩歌的話,把時間花在朗讀上比花在分析上要值得多,因此“分析詩歌”是可選擇的的。故選D。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“thereadingofthepoemis,finally,themosttelling'interpretation'ofit,suggestingtone,rhythm,andmeaningallatonce”告訴我們,朗讀歸根到底是對詩的最全面詮釋；再根據(jù)“Buteventhoseaidstoteachingcannotreplacethestudentandteacherreadingitor,bestofall,recitingit”又告訴我們,即使是那些教學(xué)輔助手段也不能取代學(xué)生和老師朗讀,更不能取代理解詩歌的最有效方法——背誦。故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“It(指poetry)alsodeservesaplaceintheteachingoflanguageandliteraturemorecentralthanitpresentlyoccupies”告訴我們在語言和文學(xué)教學(xué)中,詩歌本應(yīng)該獲得比目前更加重要的位置,即詩歌教學(xué)本該得到更多的重視。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

Astudy,conductedbyDavidEvansoftheWorldBankandAnnaPopovaofStanfordUniversity,lookedat19programsaroundtheworldinwhichindividualsweregivencashtransfersfromthegovernment,eitherasahandoutorasa"reward"forsomethinglikegettingkidstoschoolontimeortakingthemtothedoctorforcheckups.

EvansandPopovalookedattheimpactthosecashtransfershadonthefamilybudgetandwhetherornottheyledtoanincreaseinspendingonalcoholandcigarettes.Whattheyfoundwasthattheyalmostalwaysledtoareductioninafamily'salcoholandtobaccopurchases.

Thenewsmaysurprisesomepeople,butit'strue,andtheresearchershaveseveraltheoriesaboutwhy.

Onetheoryisthatthecashtransfermadethingspossiblethatonceseemedimpossible.Investingintheirkids'educationorbuyinghealthierandmoreexpensivefoodsmaybewithinreachnow,butwithoutthecashhandout,thesegoalsweren'tevenapossibility.Sofamiliescutbackonotherexpenses(likealcoholandtobacco)tomakethosedreamsareality.

Anothertheoryisthatpeoplejustgenerallyseemtodowhatthey'retold.Iftheyaregivenmoneyandtoldtouseitfortheirfamily'swelfare,inmostcases,theywilldojustthat.Andthatleadstothethirdtheory:Thesecashtransfersareusuallygiventowomen,andstudiesshowthatwhenwomencontrolthepursestrings,moremoneyisspentontakingcareoftheirchildren.

Whateverthereasonforthetrend,thedataisclear—familiesthatreceivecashhandoutsdon'twastethemoneyonboozeandcigarettesaswaspreviouslythought.Instead,theytypicallyusethatmoneyforthebenefitoftheirfamilies.Andthat'smoneywellspent.（1）Thestudyprovesthat

.A.

cashtransfershelppoorfamiliesgetwhatwouldseemunavailableotherwise

B.

cashshouldbegiventopoorpeopleasarewardforsomethinggoodforkidsC.

givencashhandouts,poorpeoplewouldspendthemoneyonalcoholandtobacco

D.

poorpeoplewouldsavethecashgivenbythegovernmentforemergencyneeds（2）Acashtransferledtoareductioninafamily'salcoholandtobaccopurchasesbecause

.A.

theeducationgainedwiththecashwouldhelpthemdropalcoholandtobacco

B.

themoneypreviouslyforalcoholandtobaccowouldhelprealizetheirdreamC.

buyinghealthierandmoreexpensivefoodsleftlessmoneyforalcoholandtobacco

D.

thatwasthepromisemadebeforethecashtransferwasgiventothepoorfamily（3）Inparagraph5,whentheauthorsaid"womencontrolthepursestrings",hejustmeant"

".A.

womenaretoldwhattodo

B.

womenaregiventhemoneyC.

womenknowwhattodowiththemoney

D.

womenhavethefinalwordformoney（4）Thepassagemainlytellsus

.A.

howthestudywascarriedout

B.

whycashtransferispreferredC.

thefindingsofastudyandexplanationstothem

D.

thetheoriesforastudyaboutcashtransfers【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，世界銀行和斯坦福大學(xué)的專家進行了一項研究，給貧窮家庭一筆匯款，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)匯款能夠減少煙酒方面的花銷，作者分析了出現(xiàn)這一現(xiàn)象的原因。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段“Whateverthereasonforthetrend,thedataisclear—familiesthatreceivecashhandoutsdon'twastethemoneyonboozeandcigarettesaswaspreviouslythought.Instead,theytypicallyusethatmoneyforthebenefitoftheirfamilies.Andthat'smoneywellspent.”可知給貧窮家庭的匯款并不會被使用在酒精和香煙上，很多貧窮家庭會用來改善生活。這與之前的看法是相反的。故選A。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段“Onetheoryisthatthecashtransfermadethingspossiblethatonceseemedimpossible.Investingintheirkids'educationorbuyinghealthierandmoreexpensivefoodsmaybewithinreachnow,butwithoutthecashhandout,thesegoalsweren'tevenapossibility.Sofamiliescutbackonotherexpenses(likealcoholandtobacco)tomakethosedreamsareality.”可知當(dāng)某些家庭得到匯款以后，他們會把這筆錢和用在喝酒抽煙上的錢一起被用在孩子的教育上，或購買之前無法購買的東西上。故選B。（3）考查句義猜測。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Thesecashtransfersareusuallygiventowomen,andstudiesshowthatwhenwomencontrolthepursestrings,moremoneyisspentontakingcareoftheirchildren.”可知當(dāng)匯款給了女性以后，通常都會有比較好的結(jié)果。故劃線句指“女性控制花錢的話語權(quán)”。故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。本文是一篇說明文，世界銀行和斯坦福大學(xué)的專家進行了一項研究，給貧窮家庭一筆匯款，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)匯款能夠減少煙酒方面的花銷，并分析了出現(xiàn)這一現(xiàn)象的原因。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及推理判斷，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇調(diào)查報告，要求考生根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

Buckdidnotknowthattherewastroubleahead,Troubleforeverydogwithstrongmusclesandwarmlonghair,fromSeattletosouthernCalifornia.SomemenhadfoundayellowmetalintheArcticdarkness,andthousandsofothermenwererushingthere.Thesemenwanteddogsthatwereheavy,withstrongmusclesforworkinghardandfurrycoatstoprotectthemfromthecold.

BucklivedatabighouseinasunnyvalleyinCaliforniawhichwasownedbyJudgeMiller.Hewasneitherahousedognorakennel(狗窩)dog.ThewholeofJudgeMiller'slandwashis.Buckwasking—kingoverallthecrawling,flyingthingsofJudgeMiller'slands,humansincluded.

Hisfather,Elmo,hadbeentheJudge'sinseparablecompanion.Andwhenhedied,Bucktookhisfather'splace.Hewasnotsolarge—heweighedonlysixtykilogram—forhismother,Shep,hadbeenaScottishsheepdog.Huntingandotheroutdooractivitieshadhardenedhismuscle,andswimminghadmadehimhealthy.

ThiswasBuckintheautumnof1897,whenthediscoveryofgoldintheKlondikebroughtMenfromeverywheretothefrozennorth.ButBuckdidnotreadthenewspapers.AndhedidnotknowthatManueloneofthegardenershelper,wasnotagoodman.Manuelgambled(賭博)andwastedthelittlemoneyhehad.NoonesawhimandBuckgooffonwhatBuckthoughtwasawalk.NoonesawthemarriveattherailwaystationwhereManuelsoldBucktoamanwhowaswaitingforhim.

AftertwodayshowascriedoffthetraininSeattleintoasmall,high-walledyard.Thereafatmaninaredsweaterbrokeopenthecagewithasmallaxe(斧頭)，whileholdingaclub(棍棒)intheotherhand.Whentherewasabigenoughopening,Buckjumpedoutlikeared-eyeddevil,straightatthefatman.Butinmid-air,justashisteethweregoingtocloseontheman,hereceivedashockthathehadneverfeltbefore.Itturnedhimoverandontotheground.Hehadneverbeenstruckbyaclubinhislife,andhedidnotunderstand.Hewassmasheddownadozentimes.

Bucksawthathestoodnochanceagainstthemanwiththeclub.Hehadlearnedthelesson,andfortherestofhislifeheneverforgotit.Itwashisintroductionintotheworldofprimitivelaw.

IntheendasmallmancalledPerraultpaidthreehundreddollarsforhim,andhewasledawaywithCurly,agood-naturedNewfoundlanddog.（1）Whatkindofdogsdidthegold-seekerswantA.Heavyhousedogswithyellowhair.B.Stronglong-haireddogs.C.DiligentdogswithyellowhairD.Muscularkenneldogs.（2）Buckwasproudofhimselfforthefollowingreasons,EXCEPTthat______.A.hewaskingoveralllivingthingsofJudgeMiller'slandsB.hebecametheJudge'sinseparablecompanionafterhisfather'sdeathC.hehadagoodlifewithmanyoutdooractivitiestogetstrongandhealthyD.hewaswantedbygold-seekersthankstohisstrongmusclesandlonghair（3）WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassageA.JudgeMillerownedabighouseandalargepieceoflandintheKlondike.B.ManuelboughtandsoldBuckbecauseheneededmoneytosupporthislife.C.ThefatmancruellybeatBuckwithaclubtoteachhimhowtofightback.D.Buck'sintroductionintothewordofprimitivelawwasobeyingthefatman.（4）WhatcanbethesuitabletitlefortheexcerptA.FallintoTroubleB.FightagainstaManC.EscapefromTroubleD.BelieveinaMan【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了一只名為巴克的狗的遭遇。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Troubleforeverydogwithstrongmusclesandwarmlonghair,fromSeattletosouthernCalifornia.Thesemenwanteddogsthatwereheavy,withstrongmusclesforworkinghardandfurrycoatstoprotectthemfromthecold.”可知，從西雅圖到南加州，每一條長著結(jié)實的肌肉和溫暖的長毛的狗都會在劫難逃。這些尋金人需要的是，高大強壯，有強壯的肌肉，能吃苦耐勞且皮毛可以幫助他們抵御寒冷的狗。所以淘金者需要的是強壯的長毛狗。故選B。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Buckwasking—kingoverallthecrawling,flyingthingsofJudgeMiller'slands,humansincluded.”可知，巴克是國王——統(tǒng)治著JudgeMiller領(lǐng)地上所有爬行、飛行的東西，包括人類。所以A選項是巴克自豪的原因；第三段中的“Hisfather,Elmo,hadbeentheJudge'sinseparablecompanion.Andwhenhedied,Bucktookhisfather'splace.

Huntingandotheroutdooractivitieshadhardenedhismuscle,andswimminghadmadehimhealthy.”他的父親艾爾莫一直是JudgeMiller形影不離的伙伴。他死后，巴克接替了他父親的位置。打獵和其他戶外活動鍛煉了他的肌肉，游泳使他身體健康。所以B,C兩項是巴克自豪的原因。故D項不是巴克自豪的原因。故選D。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“Butinmid-air,justashisteethweregoingtocloseontheman,hereceivedashockthathehadneverfeltbefore,Itturnedhimoverandontotheground.Hehadneverbeenstruckbyaclubinhislife,andhedidnotunderstand.Hewassmasheddownadozentimes.”可知，就在它的牙齒要碰到他的皮膚時，那人用棒子給了它一下，這還是有人頭一次用棒子打他，他不知所措。它被打倒在地。它被木棒打了10幾次；以及倒數(shù)第四段中的“Bucksawthathestoodnochanceagainstthemanwiththeclub.”可知，巴克看到，它再也站不起來對抗他的木棒。所以巴克被打，無力反抗只能屈服于這個胖人。由此判斷出，巴克的叢林法則就是屈服于這個胖人。故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Buckdidnotknowthattherewastroubleahead,Troubleforeverydogwithstrongmusclesandwarmlonghair,fromSeattletosouthernCalifornia.”可知，巴克不知道前面會遇到麻煩，從西雅圖到南加州，每一條長著結(jié)實的肌肉和溫暖的長毛的狗都會在劫難逃以及下文對于巴克的具體遭遇可知，短文最佳的標(biāo)題為“陷入麻煩”。故選A?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

Storiesaresharedinmanyways.Theyaredescribedinbooksandmagazines.Theyarereadaroundthecampfireatnight.Theyarerandomlydistributedfromstand-alonebooths.Butwhatelse?

Torevive(復(fù)興)literatureintheeraoffastnewsandsmartphoneaddiction,ShortEdition,aFrenchpublisherofshort-formliterature,hassetupmorethan30storydispensers(分發(fā)機)intheUSAinthepastyearstodeliverfictionatthepushofabuttonatrestaurants,universitiesandgovernmentoffices.

FrancisFordCoppola,thefilmdirectorandwinemaker,likedtheideasomuchthatheinvestedinthecompanyandplacedadispenserathisCafeZoetropeinSanFrancisco.Lastmonthpubliclibrariesinsomeothercitiesannouncedtheywouldbesettingthemup,too.ThereisoneonthecampusatPennState.AfewcanbefoundindowntownWestPalmBeach,Fla.AndShortEditionplanstoannouncemore,includingattheLosAngelesInternationalAirport.

"Everythingoldisnewagain,"saidAndrewNurkin,thedirectoroftheFreeLibraryofPhiladelphia,whichisoneofthelibrariesthatsetupthedispensers."Wewantpeopletobeeasilyexposedtoliterature.Wewanttoadvanceliteracyamongchildrenandinspiretheircreativity.

Here'showadispenserworks:Ithasthreebuttonsontopindicatingchoicesforstoriesthatcanbereadinoneminute,threeminutesorfiveminutes.Whenabuttonispushed,ashortstoryisprinted.Thestoriesarefree.Theyarechosenfromacomputercategoryofmorethan100,000originalsubmissionsbywriterswhoseworkshavebeenevaluatedbyShortEdition'sjudges,andtransmittedoveramobilenetwork.Offeringscanbetailoredtospecificinterests,likechildren'sfictionorromance.ShortEditiongetsstoriesforitscategorybyholdingwritingcontests.

ShortEditionsetupitsfirstboothin2016andhas150machinesworldwide."Theideaistomakepeoplehappy,"saidKristanLeroy,directorofShortEdition,"Thereistoomuchunhappinesstoday."（1）WhatdoweknowaboutthestoriessentbydispensersA.Theyareexpensive.B.Theyareshortinform.C.Theycanbereadonsmartphones.D.Theyaremainlytakenfrommagazineliterature.（2）WherecanyoufindthepopularityofstorydispensersinAmericaA.Inparagraph3.B.Inparagraph4.C.Inparagraph5.D.Inparagraph6.（3）WhichisthemainpurposeofsettingupthedispensersaccordingtoAndrewNurkinA.Togetridofpeople'ssmartphoneaddiction.B.Toreducethefinancialstressoflibraries.C.Tomakepeoplehaveaccesstoliterature.D.Toadvertisethenetworkliterature.（4）WhatisthebesttitleforthetextA.OnlineReading:aVirtualTourB.ShortEdition,aFrenchPublisherC.EverythingOldWillBePopularAgainD.TasteofLiterature,atthePushofaButton【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，人們可以通過多種途徑讀到小說，例如書籍、雜志等。為了能夠在快新聞時代和智能手機成癮的時代復(fù)興文學(xué)，法國文學(xué)出版商ShortEdition過去幾年在美國建立了30多個小說分發(fā)機，在餐廳，大學(xué)和政府辦公室只需按一下按鈕即可以閱讀小說。這樣人們能更容易地接觸文學(xué)，以此提高孩子們的讀寫能力并激發(fā)他們的創(chuàng)造力。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的“whenabuttonispushed,ashortstoryisprinted”可知，按下按鈕，就會打印出一篇短篇小說，因此小說在形式上是簡短的。故選B。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“he…placedadispenserathisCafeZoetropeinSanFrancisco.Lastmonthpubliclibrariesinsomeothercitiesannouncedtheywouldbesettingthemup,too.ThereisoneonthecampusatPennState.AfewcanbefoundindowntownWestPalmBeach,Fla.AndShortEditionplanstoannouncemore,includingattheLosAngelesInternationalAirport.”可知，在舊金山的CafeZoetrope有一臺小說分發(fā)機，其他一些城市的公共圖書館也宣布將安裝小說分發(fā)機。賓夕法尼亞州立大學(xué)的校園里有一臺小說分發(fā)機。在佛羅里達州有一些小說分發(fā)機。在洛杉磯國際機場也將有更多的小說分發(fā)機。因此在第3段中可以看出小說分發(fā)機在美國受人歡迎。故選A。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Wewantpeopletobeeasilyexposedtoliterature.Wewanttoadvanceliteracyamongchildrenandinspiretheircreativity.”可知，AndrewNurkin說：“我們希望人們能夠很容易地接觸到文學(xué)。我們希望提高孩子們的讀寫能力并激發(fā)他們的創(chuàng)造力。”因此，在AndrewNurkin看來，設(shè)置小說分發(fā)機的主要目的是使人們有機會接觸文學(xué)。故案選C。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Storiesaresharedinmanyways.Theyaredescribed…”可知，文章提出的話題是閱讀小說；第二段中的“ShortEdition…h(huán)assetupmorethan30storydispensersintheUSAinthepastyearstodeliverfictionatthepushofabuttonatrestaurants,universitiesandgovernmentoffices.”可知，法國文學(xué)出版商ShortEdition過去幾年在美國建立了30多個小說分發(fā)機，在餐廳，大學(xué)和政府辦公室只需按一下按鈕即可以閱讀小說。故選D。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

TraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)isgainingglobalpopularity.Accordingtoagovernmentwhitepaper,TCMhasbeenintroducedin183countriesandregionsaroundtheworld.

Westerners'understandingofTCM,however,maybelimitedtoacupuncture,cuppingandmassage(針灸，拔罐和按摩).Forinstance,thepurple,injury-likemarksleftonU.S.swimmerMichaelPhelps，backfromcuppingforthepurposeofrelaxinghismusclesandreducingpainbecamethecenterofattentionduringtheRioOlympicsin2016.

Asamatteroffact,ChineseherbsplayamoreimportantroleingettingridofdiseasesandkeepingthebodyingoodconditionintheTCMtreatmentsystemthanphysicaltreatment.Itisthereforedishearteningtoknowthatwhile103WorldHealthOrganizationmembercountrieshavegivenapprovaltothepracticeofacupuncture,notmanyrecognizeChineseherbalmedicine.TCMfallsfarbehindWesternmedicineowingpartlytotheslowdevelopmentofChineseherbs.

Herbsaremadeintopills,powderandsoup,andthekindofherbsused,theirqualityandquantity,andtheprocessingoftheingredients(原材料)jointlydeterminetheeffectivenessoftheprescription.ComparedwithWesternmedicine,whichhasstandardizeddrugproductionprocessesandtreatmentmethods,TCMlacksstandardization,withthechemicalcompositionandfunctionsofitsmedicinesbeingunclearandtheireffectsbeingunstable.Fortunately,standardizationhasimprovedinrecentdecades,withanincreasingnumberoffactoriesproducingpatentedTCMdrugs.

AnotherfactorthathaspreventedthedevelopmentofTCMprescriptiondrugsisthelackofcreativity.WhileWesternmedicine-makingcompaniescomeupwithnewproductseveryyear,TCMdrugproducerstendtomakemedicinesaccordingtoprescriptionshandeddownfromthepast.ChinesechemistTuYouyou'swinningthe2015NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicineforherresearchintomalaria(瘧疾)treatmentmaydrivecreativitytosomeextentinChina'sTCMindustry.However,thecurrentstateofaffairscannotbechangedwithinashorttime.（1）WhydoestheauthormentiontheexampleofMichaelPhelps

A.

Becausehewasinjuredinhisswimming.

B.

BecausecuppingisakindofimportantTCMtreatment.C.

BecausewesternersknowalittleaboutTCM.

D.

BecausewesternersattachgreatimportancetoTCM.（2）Whydon'tsomemembercountriesofWHOrecognizeChineseherbalmedicine

A.

BecauseChineseherbscangetridofdiseases.

B.

Becausetheyonlyapprovethepracticeofacupuncture.C.

BecauseWesternmedicineismoreeffective.

D.

BecausemedicinemadeoutofChineseherbsdevelopsslowly.（3）ComparedwithWesternmedicine,whatistheweakpointofTCMinParagraph4A.

Themethodsofplantingherbs.

B.

Theeffectivenessofprescription.C.

Lackinginstandardization.

D.

Itsstablefunctions.（4）ThelackofcreativityinTCMreferstothefactthat________.A.

medicine-makingcompanieslackcreativity

B.

prescriptionsaregotfromthepastC.

Westerncompaniesaremoreexperienced

D.

medicine-makingcompanieslackdrivingforce【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，街掃了傳統(tǒng)中藥的好處。和西醫(yī)相比，它不必動手術(shù)，費用少，且沒有術(shù)后感染的風(fēng)險等，但生產(chǎn)缺乏標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、療效不穩(wěn)定和缺乏創(chuàng)造力等問題也嚴(yán)重阻礙中醫(yī)藥的發(fā)展。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Westerners'understandingofTCM,however,maybelimitedtoacupuncture,cuppingandmassage(針灸，拔罐和按摩).Forinstance,thepurple,injury-likemarksleftonU.S.swimmerMichaelPhelps，backfromcuppingforthepurposeofrelaxinghismusclesandreducingpainbecamethecenterofattentionduringtheRioOlympicsin2016.”可知，作者提到MichaelPhelps的例子是說明西方人對TCM有一點了解，但這種了解只限于針灸，拔罐和按摩。故選C。(2)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“TCMfallsfarbehindWesternmedicineowingpartlytotheslowdevelopmentofChineseherbs.”可知，有些WHO的成員國不承認(rèn)中國的草藥是因為中藥發(fā)展緩慢，遠遠落后于西藥。故選D。(3)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“TCMlacksstandardization,withthechemicalcompositionandfunctionsofitsmedicinesbeingunclearandtheireffectsbeingunstable.”可知，與西醫(yī)相比，在第四段中指出中醫(yī)的弱點是缺乏標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。故選C。(4)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“AnotherfactorthathaspreventedthedevelopmentofTCMprescriptiondrugsisthelackofcreativity.”可知，中藥缺乏創(chuàng)造力指的是中藥是根據(jù)過去流傳下來的處方做成的。故選B。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇醫(yī)學(xué)類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Toeatonlyavegan（素食的）dietmightsounddifficult,especiallywithmanypopulardishescontainingmeatorotheranimalproducts.Yetin2017,veganismwasdescribedas“thefastest-growinglifestylemovement”intheUK,accordingtoBBCnews.

AstudybyaUKmarketresearchorganization,suggeststhatover542,000Britswentveganduringthepreviousdecade,anincreaseof360%.Andthemainforcebehindthisincreasewasthoseaged15-34yearsold—42%ofrecentvegansfallunderthatagerange.

SowhyexactlyhasveganismbecomesopopularamongyoungBrits?

Onereasoncouldbethatmanyyoungpeoplewanttoprotecttheenvironment,aslessmeatconsumptionisknowntobebeneficialtotheenvironment.Globalmeatmanufacturingisbelievedtocause18%oftheworld'sgreenhousegasemissions（排放）,evenmorethanthatofalltheworld'scars,trainsandplanescombined.Anotherreasonisthatmanyoftoday'syoungpeoplebelievethatit'swrongtokillanimalstobeusedasfood.

JessMurray,22,astudentatUniversityCollegeLondon,saidthathechosetobecomeveganafterrealizingthateatinganimalsisachoicethatpeoplemake,ratherthansomethingthatweneedtodotosurvive.“Becomingveganwasanethical(道德的)decision,”hetoldtheGuardian.

Socialmediaisalsobelievedtohavegivenrisetotheincreaseinveganism.PlatformssuchasFacebookallowyoungveganstoconnectwitheachothermucheasier,whileotherssuchasInstagramhaveledtothecreationof“vegancelebrities(名人)”,whosharelipsonveganlifestyles.

Despitetherisingofveganism,LauraWyness,anexpertindietandnutrition,saidthatmeatisveryimportantforpeople'shealth.“Astrictvegandietmakesitdifficulttogetsomemineralsandvitaminsthatyourbodyneeds,”WynesstoldBBCnews.

However,thepopularityofveganismdoesn'tseemtobefading.“Itfeelsmorelikethisissomethingthatissticking.”saidanexpertoftheVeganSociety,aUKcharitythatpromotesveganism.（1）Whatcanwelearnaboutveganism,“thefastest-growinglifest