2022屆全國(guó)卷地區(qū)高考英語(yǔ)模擬試卷含答案缺聽(tīng)力 (一)

絕密★啟用前

2022屆全國(guó)卷地區(qū)高考英語(yǔ)模擬試卷1

學(xué)校:姓名：班級(jí)：考號(hào)：

第I卷（選擇題）

請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊修改第I卷的文字說(shuō)明

評(píng)卷人得分

一、閱讀理解（共15題，每題2分，共30分）

MadScientist

Diveintoscienceduringthisfun,colorful,andexcitingclass!All

studentsbecomemadscientistsastheyexploredifferentscientifictopics,

includingchemistry,physics,biology,andgeology.

Eachweek,studentsconductexcitinghands-onScience,Technology,

Engineering,andMathexperimentsandchallengesusingthescientificmethod.A

combinationofdemonstrations,take-homeprojects,independentexploration,and

uniqueexperimentsexposesthemtoavarietyofbasicscientificconcepts.This

classmaygetmessyastheyhavefunwithscienceandexploreCalifornia,s

coastlinethroughscientificthinking.

DiscoveryLeaders:ChantaeReidandSandraTraverso

Mondays:9:00AMto12:00PM

GradeGuidelines:Kto3rd

Cost:$210forfourweeks

SpringSessions:They'renowofferedasFour-WeekSessions.

SpringSessionOne:January25th-February15th

XSpringSessionTwo:February22nd-March15th

XSpringSessionThree:March22nd-April19th（Noclassinthethirdweek）

XSpringSessionFour:April26th-May17th

WhattoBring/Wear:layeredclothing,shoesthatcoverthetoes,andan

individualsnack

Enrollment（注冊(cè)）：minimumof4studentsperclass/maximumof6students

Note:Ifyouwillbeusingaschoolvoucher（代金券）forclasspaymentyou

canstillregisteryourchildusingoursystem.

BathroomPolicy:Allstudentsmustbeabletogotothebathroomby

themselves.

ClassLocation:WaterfrontEducationLearningHub-1021N.HarborDrive,

RedondoBeachCA90277

1.Whatisthemainfocusoftheclass?

A.Learningaboutscienceinafunway.

B.Interestingfactsaboutmadscientists.

C.Practicalwaystodoscientificresearch.

D.ExploringCalifornia'scoastscientifically.

2.Whatistherequirementfortheclass?

A.Schoolvoucherscannotbeused.B.Kidsshouldbeaged3andabove.

C.IndividualsnacksareD.Kidsshouldwearclosed-toe

unacceptable.shoes.

3.Whattypeofwritingisthistext?

A.Aprogramreview.B.Ascientificreport.

C.Anexhibitionguide.D.Acourseadvertisement.

TodayweknowAntarcticaasanextremeenvironmentcontainingiceandsnow.

Butnewresearchprovidesevidencethattheareahadarainforestinthepast.

TheresearcherscollectedapieceofEarthsediment（沉淀物）fromunderthe

seaflooroffthecoastofAntarctica.Inthesediment,theydiscoveredforest

materialthatwasestimatedtobeabout90millionyearsold.Thiswouldhave

beenintheCretaceousPeriod,whendinosaurswerethemainlandanimals.The

sedimentwasremovedbyscientistsontheresearchicebreakerRVPolarsternin

theAmundsenSeanearPineIslandGlacier.

JohannKlagesisageologistwiththeAlfredWegenerInstitute,Helmholtz

CenterforPolarandMarineResearchinGermany.Hewastheleadwriterofa

studyonthefindings,publishedinthejournalNature.Hesaidthesediment

wascollectedfromadepthofabout30metersbelowtheoceanfloor.Klages

saidanexaminationshowedthatthematerialdidn,tformintheocean.

Theresearchersestimatethatthearea-about900kilometersfromthe

SouthPole一hadaverageyearlytemperaturesofabout12to13degreesCelsius.

Duringthewarmestsummermonths,averagetemperatureslikelyreachedbetween

20and25degreesCelsius.Thesoilincludedfinedirtparticles（顆粒）andhard

clay,aswellassubstanceslinkedtoatleast65differentkindsofplants,

thestudyfound.Klagesaddedthattheplantsincludedtrees,fernsand

floweringplants.Whilenoanimalremainswerefound,Klagessaidtherewere

likelydinosaurs,flyingreptiles（爬行動(dòng)物）andmanyinsectsintheenvironment.

TheresearchrepresentsnewevidenceofthemajorclimatechangesEarthhas

experiencedinthepast-andiscurrentlyundergoingtoday.Thesoilinthe

sedimentdatesbacktotheplanet'swarmestperiodofthepast140million

years,withsealevelabout170metershigherthantoday.Theresearcherssaid

thattherainforestenvironmentinAntarcticawasespeciallysurprisingbecause

eachyear,theareaexperiencesafour-monthpolarnightwhenthereisno

sunlighttofuelplantlife.Klagessaidnoicesheetswerepresentduringthe

time,butseasonalsnowfallwaslikely.

4.Howdidtheresearcherscometotheirfindings?

A.Bycollectingdataonclimate.B.Byresearchingspecialplants.

C.ByexploringiceinAntarctica.D.ByanalyzingtheEarthsediment.

5.Whatdidtheresearcherssayaboutthesediment?

A.Itsmaterialdevelopedintheocean.

B.Itsmaterialformedontheland.

C.ItdatesbacktocoldtimesinAntarctica.

D.Itcontaineddifferentanimalremains.

6.Whatdoestheauthorindicateinthelastparagraph?

A.Therewereicesheets140millionyearsago.

B.Seasonalsnowfallmadetheforestdisappear.

C.Antarctica,snaturalenvironmenthaschangedgreatly.

D.PolarnightsinAntarcticaaregettingshorterthanbefore.

7.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Antarcticaisgettingratherwarmerlikebefore.

B.VariouswildlifeonceexistedinAntarctica.

C.Antarcticahadquiteadifferenthistoryofclimate.

D.ResearchersstudythesecretsofAntarctica.

Areyousickofgoingtobedlateandwakinguptired?Thengrabyour

hikingbootsandatent.Anewstudysuggeststhatcampinginthegreat

outdoorsforacoupleofdayscanresetyourbodyclockandhelpyougetmore

sleep.

Thebodyclockisaninternalsystemthattellsourbodieswhenit'stime

togotosleepandwhenit'stimetowakeup.Scientiststrackthisclockby

measuringtheamountofmelatonin（褪黑激素）circulatinginaperson,sbloodat

anygiventime.

Inahealthysleeper,melatoninlevelsriseafewhoursbeforebedtime,

stayhighthroughthenight,andthensettlebackdownwhenit'stimetowake

up.

Inourmodernsociety,however,mostofusstayupmanyhourspastsunset

andwouldprobablysleepinmanyhoursaftersunriseifwecould.Andthe

troubleisthatyourmelatoninlevelsmaystillbehighwhenyouralarmclock

goesoffinthemorning,whichleadstofaligue.Itmayalsohaveotherhealth

consequencesaswell,suchasdiabetes（糖尿?。?，overweightandheartdisease.

ProfessorKennethP.WrightJr.oftheUniversityofColoradointheUS

wantedtoseeifourbodyclockscanberesetbyashortstayinnature.His

teamrecruited（招募）fourteenphysicallyactivevolunteersintheir20sand30s.

Ninewentonaweekendcampingtrip,whiletheotherfivestayedhome.Atthe

endoftheweekend,theresearchersreportedthatinjusttwodays,thecampers?

bodyclocksshiftedsothattheirmelatoninlevelsbegantorisemorethanan

hourearlierthantheydidbeforetheywentonthetrip.Bycontrast,thebody

clocksofthegroupthatstayedhomeshiftedevenlateroverthecourseofthe

weekend.

“Thistellsuswecanresetourclocksfast,，zWrightsaid.

Therefore,ifyouwanttochangeyoursleeppatternsyoucouldtrytoincrease

yourexposuretonaturallightduringthedayanddecreasetheamountof

artificiallightyouseeatnight.Andifthatdoesn,twork,thereJsalways

camping.

8.WhatistheauthorJsmainpurposeofwritingthepassage?

A.Toexplainhowalackofsleepisbadforourhealth.

B.Toinformusofapossiblewaytoadjustthebodyclock.

C.Toanalyzehowthebodyclockinfluencesoursleepinghabits.

D.Toexplorehowthebodyclockisconnectedwithmelatoninlevels.

9.Theunderlinedword〃fatigue〃inParagraph4probablymeans〃〃.

A.tirednessB.excitementC.refreshmentD.pressure

10.WhatdidWrightJsteamdiscoverfromtheirexperiment?

A.Thebodyclocksofthetwogroupsdidn'tshowmuchdifference.

B.Thebodyclocksofthosewhostayedathomeremainedthesame.

C.Thosestayingoutdoorsresettheclockinsidetheirbodiesoverashort

period.

D.Changestothebodyclockdon,tnecessarilyaffectmelatonin

levelsinourbodies.

11.Accordingtothepassage,tochangeoursleepinghabits,we,d

better.

A.setanalarmclocktowakeusupontimeinthemorning

B.trytoreducemelatoninlevelsasmuchaspossibleatnight

C.spendseveralweeksstayingintheopenaireverynowandthen

D.getexposedtomorenaturallightinthedaybutlessartificiallightat

night

Tea,themosttypicalEnglishdrink,becameestablishedinBritainbecause

oftheinfluenceofaforeignprincess,CatherineofBraganza,thequeenof

CharlesII.AsaloverofteasinceherchildhoodinPortugal,shebroughttea-

drinkingtotheEnglishroyalcourtandsetatrendforthebeverageinthe

17thcentury.Thefashionsoonspreadbeyondthecircleofthenobilitytothe

middleclasses,andteabecameapopulardrinkattheLondoncoffeehouseswhere

peoplemettodobusinessanddiscusseventsoftheday.Manyemployersserveda

cupofteatotheirworkersinthemiddleofthemorning,thusinventinga

lastingBritishinstitution,thezzteabreakzz.However,drinkingteainsocial

settingsoutsidetheworkplacewasbeyondthemeansofthemajorityofBritish

people.Itcamewithahighpricetagandteawastaxedaswell.

Around1800,theseventhDuchessofBedford,AnnaMariaRussell,beganthe

popularpracticeof"afternoontea”,aceremonytakingplaceataboutfour

o'clock.Untilthen,peopledidnotusuallyeatordrinkanythingbetweenlunch

anddinner.Atapproximatelythesametime,theEarlofSandwichpopularizeda

newwayofeatingbread-inthinslices,withsomethinglikejamorcucumbers

betweenthem.Beforelong,asmallmealattheendoftheafternoon,involvingtea

andsandwiches,becamepartoftheBritishwayoflife.

Asteabecamemuchcheaperduringthe19thcentury,itspopularityspreadright

throughallcornersoftheBritishsociety.Thus,teabecameBritain'sfavorite

drink.Inworking-classhouseholds,itwasservedwiththemainmealofthe

day,eatenwhenworkersreturnedhomeafteraday'slabor.Thismealhasbecome

knownas〃hightea，z.Today,teacanbedrunkatanytimeoftheday,andaccounts

forovertwo-fifthsofalldrinksconsumedinBritain-withtheexceptionof

water.

12.Whatismainlydiscussedaboutteainthetext?

B.Itstraditionalwaysof

A.ItsdevelopmentinBritain.

drinking.

C.Itsinfluencearoundtheworld.D.ItspopularityinEurope.

13.Whatdotheunderlinedwords/"thebeverage，zprobablyreferto?

A.Teadrinking.B.Asmallmeal.

C.Awayofeatingbread.D.Achoiceofdrinks.

14.WhywasteaunabletobeacceptedasacommondrinkinBritaininthe17th

century?

A.ItwasmerelyservedinLondon.

B.Itwastaxedasanalcoholicdrink.

C.Itwasforbiddeninbusinesssettings.

D.Itwastooexpensiveformostpeople.

15.Howisthetextorganized?

A.Bycauseandeffect.B.Bycomparison.

C.Intimeorder.D.Infrequencyorder.

評(píng)卷人得分

------------------二、七選五（共5題，每題2分，共10分）

Arepeoplelessormorehappywhentheygetolder?Astudyin2018found

thatpeoplegenerallybecomehappierandexperiencelessworryafterage50.In

fact,itfoundthatbytheageof85,peoplearehappierwiththeirlifethan

theywereat18.

ArthurStoneintheDepartmentofPsychiatryandBehavioralScienceat

StonyBrookUniversityinNewYorkledthestudy.Histeamfoundthatlevelsof

stresswerethehighestamongadultsbetweentheagesof22and25.16

Happinesswasthehighestamongtheyoungestadultsandthoseintheir

early70s.Butthepeopleleastlikelytoreportfeelingnegativeemotionswere

thoseintheir70sand80s.Thesurveyalsofoundthatmenandwomenhave

similaremotionalpatternsastheygrowolder.17

Theresearchersalsoconsideredpossibleinfluenceslikehavingyoung

children,beingunemployedorbeingsingle.Buttheyfoundthatinfluenceslike

thesedidnotaffectthelevelsofhappinessandwell-beingrelatedtoage.

18Onetheoryisthat,aspeoplegetolder,theybecomemorethankful

forwhattheyhaveandhavebettercontroloftheiremotions.Theyalsospend

lesstimethinkingaboutbadexperiences.

19Inanotherstudy,peopleintheir80sreportedthefewestproblems

withthequalityoftheirsleep.Theoriginalgoalwastoconfirmthepopular

beliefthatagingisconnectedwithincreasedsleepproblems.20Butexcept

forthat,peoplereportedthattheyfelttheirsleepqualityimprovedasthey

gotolder.

A.Sowhywillhappinessincreasewithage?

B.Researcherssurveyedmorethan150,000Americanadults.

C.Atthattime,thepeoplewerebetweentheagesof18and85.

D.Stresslevelsdroppedsharplyafterpeoplereachedtheir50s.

E.Happinessisnottheonlythingthatapparentlyimproveswithage.

F.Thesurveydidfindanincreaseduringmiddleage,especiallyinwomen.

G.However,womenatallagesreportedmoresadness,stressandworrythanmen.

評(píng)卷人得分

------------------三、完形填空（共20題，每題1.5分，共30分）

ThemountainswhereIlivearefulloftwistingroads.Iwas21downone

ofthoseroadslastspring.Itfelt22becauseofdaysofrain.While

roundingabendIsawthatthe23soilhadreleasedatreeonthehillby

theroad.It24mywaynow.Ihitthe25andslowlypassedit.ThenI

26.Amotoristwhocouldenjoyahigherspeedthanmewouldbecomea27of

acaraccident.Itwasonlyamatteroftime28thathappened.

Istoppedandgotoutto29thetreebutitwastoobigandheavy.Just

atthattime,awhitepickuptruck30.Outsteppedayoungman."Youneeda

31?〃heasked.Isaid,〃Yes,asaw（鋸）！〃Hetookoneoutofhistruck.Then

hecutthetreeinto32pieceswhileIcarriedthemaway."Youhardlyknow

whenyouwillneedasaw,“I33whenmynewfriendsmiledandwentintothe

truck.Iwatchedhim34beforecontinuingmyway.

35thatIwasabletohelppreventa36,Ifelthappyonthewayhome.

Inlifeyou37knowwhenyou'11needasaw.Youdoknow,however,when

you,11needaloving38.Andthatiseveryminuteofeveryday.Be39,

willing,andabletomakethisworldasaferandmorelovingplace.Fillyour

dayswithcountless40oflove.

2LA.joggingB.wanderingC.drivingD.living

22.A.strangeB.abnormalC.dampD.lifeless

23?A.hardenedB.weakenedC.poorD.sandy

24?A.narrowedB.blockedC.brokeD.changed

25.A.roadB.treeC.hillD.brake

26.A.acceleratedB.hesitatedC.turnedD.stopped

27.A.makerB.witnessC.survivorD.victim

28?A.beforeB.whenC.untilD.since

2%A.cutB.raiseC.carryD.drag

30-A.pulledoutB.pulledoverC.pulledbackD.pulleddown

3LA.toolB.helperC.vehicleD.guide

32.A.availableB.usableC.movableD.adjustable

33?A.warnedB.complainedC.jokedD.responded

34,A.workB.departC.laughD.approach

35?A.RealizingB.FancyingC.WonderingD.Hoping

A.conflictB.crashC.damageD.loss

A.sureB.stillC.neverD.just

38?A.comfortB.alternativeC.greetingD.heart

39?A.positiveB.enthusiasticC.gratefulD.ready

A.momentsB.opportunitiesC.expressionsD.feelings

第II卷（非選擇題）

請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊修改第II卷的文字說(shuō)明

評(píng)卷人得分

------------------四、語(yǔ)法填空（共10題，每題L5分，共15分）

ChineseproverbsarerichandtheyarestillwidelyusedinChinesepeople's

dailylife.41theseproverbsthereareofteninterestingstories.For

example,theproverb,“pluckingupacrop42(help)itgrow”,isbasedon

thefollowingstory.

Itissaidthatashort-temperedmanintheSongDynasty(960-1279)was

veryanxioustohelp43ricecropgrowupquickly.Hewasthinkingabout

44dayandnight.Butthecropwasgrowingmuchslowerthanheexpected.

Oneday,hecameupwithanidea45hewouldpluckupallofhiscropafew

inches.Hedidsothenextday.

Hewasverytired46doingthisforawholeday,47hefeltvery

happysincethecropdid"grow"48(high).

Hissonheardaboutthisandwenttoseethecrop.Unfortunatelytheleavesof

thecropbegantowither.

Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir49(nature)

course.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften50(result)inthe

contrarytoourintention.

評(píng)卷人得分

------------------五、短文改錯(cuò)（共1題，每題10分，共10分）

51.Thepupilispreparingtheexamwhilehismotherispreparingsupper.

評(píng)卷人得分

------------------六、書(shū)面表達(dá)（共1題，每題25分，共25分）

52.假定你是李華，乘坐FL753航班抵達(dá)倫敦后發(fā)現(xiàn)錢(qián)包遺失。請(qǐng)給航空公司寫(xiě)一封郵件說(shuō)

明情況并尋求幫助。內(nèi)容包括：

1.行程信息；

2.錢(qián)包特征；

3.聯(lián)系方式。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)80左右；

2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

參考答案

1.A

【解析】考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第一段中的"Diveintoscienceduringthis

fun,colorful,andexcitingclass〃及第二段中的〃astheyhavefunwithscience〃可

知，這個(gè)課程旨在通過(guò)有趣的方式激發(fā)孩子們對(duì)科學(xué)的興趣，引導(dǎo)他們了解科學(xué)知識(shí)，故選Ao

2.D

【解析】考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)文中的〃WhattoBring/Wear:layeredclothing,

shoesthatcoverthetoes,andanindividualsnack〃可知，參加該課程的學(xué)生應(yīng)該穿

不露腳趾的鞋,故選Do

3.D

【解析】考查推理判斷的能力?？v觀全文可知，本文主要介紹了以〃MadScientist〃為主題

的科學(xué)課程的相關(guān)信息，如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、費(fèi)用、注意事項(xiàng)等，故本文是一則課程廣告。

【備注】

文章主要介紹了一個(gè)科學(xué)課程的時(shí)間、收費(fèi)、報(bào)名須知、上課地點(diǎn)等信息。

4.D

【解析】考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第一段中的〃Butnewresearchprovides

evidencethattheareahadarainforestinthepast”和第二段中的〃The

researcherscollectedapieceofEarthsediment（沉淀物）fromundertheseafloor

offthecoastofAntarctica.Inthesediment,theydiscoveredforestmaterial

thatwasestimatedtobeabout90millionyearsold”可知，研究人員從南極洲海岸的

海床下收集到沉淀物,經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)該沉淀物的分析和研究得出結(jié)論。故答案為Do

5.B

【解析】考查推理判斷的能力。根據(jù)第二段可知,該沉淀物中含有森林物質(zhì)；再根據(jù)第三段

中的〃Klagessaidanexaminationshowedthatthematerialdidn'tforminthe

ocean〃可知，該物質(zhì)不是在海洋中形成的。再結(jié)合第四段中的“Thesoilincludedfine

dirtparticles（顆粒）...floweringplants〃可知，沉淀物是在南極洲的陸地上形成的。

故答案為B。

6.C

【解析】考查推理判斷的能力。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Thesoilinthesedimentdates

backtotheplanet*swarmestperiodofthepast140millionyears...noice

sheetswerepresentduringthetime,butseasonalsnowfallwaslikely〃可推知，南

極洲的自然環(huán)境發(fā)生了很大的變化。故答案為C。

7.C

【解析】考查理解主旨要義的能力。第一段是文章的主題段，介紹新的研究證明南極洲過(guò)去

曾被雨林覆蓋,其余段落均圍繞該主題展開(kāi)，由此可知,本文主要講述的是南極洲曾經(jīng)的氣候

跟現(xiàn)在的有很大不同。故答案為C。

【備注】

【語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型】說(shuō)明文

【主題語(yǔ)境】人與自然一一自然環(huán)境

【文章大意】今天我們都知道南極洲被冰雪覆蓋，氣候非常惡劣。但是新研究證實(shí)該地區(qū)在

過(guò)去有很大不同。

8.B

【解析】考查目的意圖。通讀全文可知，第一段第三句"Anewstudysuggeststhat

campinginthegreatoutdoorsforacoupleofdayscanresetyourbodyclock

andhelpyougetmoresleep”為文章主旨句，據(jù)此可知，本文旨在告訴人們，野外宿營(yíng)幾天

可以調(diào)整人們的生物鐘,讓人們獲得更多的睡眠，故B項(xiàng)正確。

9.A

【解析】考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第一段中的"Areyousickofgoingtobedlateand

wakinguptired”及第四段第二句"Andthetroubleisthatyourmelatoninlevels

maystillbehighwhenyouralarmclockgoesoffinthemorning,whichleadsto

fatigue”可知,早晨當(dāng)你的鬧鐘響時(shí)，你體內(nèi)的褪黑激素水平可能還是很高,這會(huì)導(dǎo)致疲勞，

故畫(huà)線詞意為"疲勞

10.C

【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第六段的"Thistellsuswecanresetourclocksfast"

可知,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，在自然環(huán)境中人體的生物鐘能快速恢復(fù)。故C項(xiàng)正確。

11.D

【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的"ifyouwanttochangeyoursleep

patternsyoucouldtrytoincreaseyourexposuretonaturallightduringthe

dayanddecreasetheamountofartificiallightyouseeatnight”可知，如果要改

變睡眠模式,可以通過(guò)白天多接觸自然光、晚上避免接觸人工光源的方式來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn),故D項(xiàng)正

確。

【備注】本文是一篇科普說(shuō)明文。生物鐘的作用原理與褪黑激素在人體中的水平變化相關(guān)。

現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中人們不按時(shí)作息常常導(dǎo)致褪黑激素水平在早晨時(shí)還很高,導(dǎo)致疲勞,甚至是糖尿

病、肥胖和心臟病等。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)野外宿營(yíng)可以讓作息不規(guī)律的人們的生物鐘恢復(fù)正常。

【段意梳理】

第一段:開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山，給出全文話(huà)題一一野外宿營(yíng)幾天可以調(diào)整人的生物鐘，讓人們獲得

更多的睡眠。

第二段:生物鐘的定義和其與褪黑激素的關(guān)系。

第三段:健康的睡眠過(guò)程中褪黑激素水平的變化情況。

第四段:現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中人們不按時(shí)作息常常導(dǎo)致褪黑激素水平在早晨時(shí)還很高，導(dǎo)致疲勞等。

第五段:為了證明生物鐘可以在自然環(huán)境中快速恢復(fù),KennethP.WrightJr.教授做了一個(gè)

實(shí)驗(yàn)。

第六段:實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，在自然環(huán)境中人體的生物鐘能快速恢復(fù)。

第七段:結(jié)論和建議一一如果想要改善睡眠,可以在白天多接觸自然光,在晚上避免接觸人工

光源。如果無(wú)效，可以野外宿營(yíng)。

【難句分析】Andthetroubleisthatyourmelatoninlevelsmaystillbehigh

whenyouralarmclockgoesoffinthemorning,whichleadstofatigue.

分析:這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。句中thatyourmelatoninlevelsmaystillbehighwhen

youralarmclockgoesoffinthemorning為表語(yǔ)從句；句中whichleadstofatigue

為which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

譯文:麻煩的是,早晨當(dāng)你的鬧鐘響時(shí),你體內(nèi)的褪黑激素水平還是很高,這會(huì)導(dǎo)致疲勞。

【背景知識(shí)】褪黑素是一種誘導(dǎo)自然睡眠的激素。人體內(nèi)褪黑素的分泌是有晝夜節(jié)律的。

夜幕降臨后,光刺激減弱,合成褪黑素的酶類(lèi)活性增強(qiáng),體內(nèi)褪黑素的分泌水平也相應(yīng)增高。

12.A

【解析】考查主旨大意。從文章第一段的"inthe17thcentury\第二段的"Around

1800”及第三段的"duringthe19thcentury"可知，本文主要介紹了茶在英國(guó)的發(fā)展。故選

A項(xiàng)。

13.A

【解析】考查詞義猜測(cè)。從文中的"shebroughttea-drinkingtotheEnglishroyal

courtandsetatrendforthebeverage”可知，她把喝茶的習(xí)慣帶到了英國(guó)皇室并開(kāi)啟

了英國(guó)人喝茶的潮流,故選A運(yùn)廠

14.D

【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。從文章第一段的"However,drinkingteainsocialsettings

outsidetheworkplacewasbeyondthemeansofthemajorityofBritishpeople.

Itcamewithahighpricetagandteawastaxedaswell”可知，17世紀(jì)，在英國(guó)茶不

能作為一種普遍的飲料的原因是對(duì)大多數(shù)英國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō),它的價(jià)格高并被征稅。故選D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)分析】A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在"merely”,文中未提及;B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在"alcoholic”,文中并未提及;C項(xiàng)

錯(cuò)在"forbiddeninbusinesssettings”,與文章第一段的內(nèi)容不符。

15.C

【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。從文章第一段的"inthe17thcentury”、第二段的"Around

1800”及第三段的"duringthe19thcentury”可知，文章是按照時(shí)間順序來(lái)組織的。故選C

項(xiàng)。

【備注】本文介紹了茶在英國(guó)的發(fā)展歷史及其受歡迎的原因。

【段意梳理】

第一段：介紹茶被查理二世的王后CatherineofBraganza引入皇室。

第二段:大約在19世紀(jì),AnnaMariaRussell開(kāi)啟了英國(guó)人“下午茶”的習(xí)慣。

第三段:在19世紀(jì)期間，隨著茶價(jià)的降低,茶已經(jīng)深入到英國(guó)的社會(huì)生活中。

【背景知識(shí)】英國(guó)人將下午茶發(fā)展為一種既定習(xí)俗的文化方式。當(dāng)時(shí),一位葡萄牙公主和英

國(guó)國(guó)王查理二世結(jié)婚,公主把葡萄牙的飲茶習(xí)慣帶到英國(guó)。19世紀(jì)時(shí),英國(guó)上流社會(huì)社交晚

餐一直到晚上八點(diǎn)左右才開(kāi)始，人們便習(xí)慣在下午四點(diǎn)左右吃些點(diǎn)心、喝杯茶。很快，下午

茶便在英國(guó)上流社會(huì)流行起來(lái)。英國(guó)人最喜歡的下午茶時(shí)間，多集中在下午3點(diǎn)到5點(diǎn)半之

間,在優(yōu)雅的氛圍里往往可以讓人們感受到心靈的祥和與家庭式的溫暖,從而緩解一天的疲

勞。

16.D

【解析】根據(jù)空前一句中的"levelsofstress”可推知，該空應(yīng)是進(jìn)一步陳述壓力水平和年

齡之間的關(guān)系,故D項(xiàng)與此處匹配。

17.G

【解析】根據(jù)空前一句中的"menandwomenhavesimilaremotionalpatterns”可知，男

性和女性有類(lèi)似的情感模式，由此可推知,空處應(yīng)是接著陳述男性和女性的情感模式的相似

之處或差異性,又結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知,G項(xiàng)與此處匹配。

18.A

【解析】根據(jù)空后的“Onetheoryisthat"和語(yǔ)境可推知，該空應(yīng)是一個(gè)問(wèn)句，又結(jié)合本段

分析的是幸福隨著人們年齡的增長(zhǎng)而增長(zhǎng)的原因可推知,A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。

19.E

【解析】本段主要表述睡眠質(zhì)量隨著人們年齡的增長(zhǎng)而有所提高,又空處所在位置承上啟下,

上段敘述幸福與年齡之間的關(guān)系,故E項(xiàng)與此處匹配。

20.F

【解析】根據(jù)本段中的〃Inanotherstudy〃并結(jié)合空處前后句表述的年齡增長(zhǎng)與睡眠問(wèn)題

的關(guān)系可推知,F項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。

【備注】

本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng),人們是變得更幸福還是不那么幸福了呢?2018年的一

項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),通常人們?cè)?0歲之后,會(huì)變得更幸福且體會(huì)到較少的憂(yōu)慮。

21.C

【解析】根據(jù)下文的"Amotoristwhocouldenjoyahigherspeedthanme"〃Istopped

andgotout”可知，作者驅(qū)車(chē)(driving)走這其中一條彎彎曲曲的山路。

22.C

【解析】根據(jù)下文的〃becauseofdaysofrain〃和常識(shí)可推斷出，此處表示因?yàn)檫B日下雨，

這條路讓人感到潮乎乎的(damp)oabnormal〃反常的〃；lifeless〃無(wú)生命的,缺乏生氣的〃。

23.B

【解析】根據(jù)上文的〃daysofrain〃和下文的"soilhadreleasedatreeonthehill

bytheroad〃可知，下雨使得土壤松動(dòng)，導(dǎo)致山上的一棵樹(shù)倒在了路邊。weaken在這里表

示〃(使)松動(dòng)〃，符合語(yǔ)境。

24.A

【解析】根據(jù)下文的"slowlypassedit”可知，倒了的樹(shù)讓車(chē)道變窄(narrowed)了。block”

堵住，阻塞〃;break〃打破〃。

25.D

【解析】根據(jù)下文的〃slowlypassedit〃可知，作者踩了剎車(chē)(brake),然后緩慢地駛過(guò)了這

棵倒下的樹(shù)。

26.B

【解析】根據(jù)下文提到的作者停車(chē)挪樹(shù)的內(nèi)容可知，此處表示作者駛過(guò)這棵樹(shù)后(對(duì)于是否

開(kāi)車(chē)離開(kāi))猶豫(hesitated)了。accelerate"加速

27.D

【解析】根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示車(chē)速比作者快的司機(jī)將會(huì)成為汽車(chē)事故的受害者(victim)。

mak6r〃制造者〃;witness”見(jiàn)證者〃；survivor”幸存者〃。

28.A

【解析】汽車(chē)事故的發(fā)生只是時(shí)間問(wèn)題。此處before表示〃在……之前〃，符