構(gòu)詞法及猜詞

welcometoourclass囧如果這只毛茸茸的狗被大雨淋了，會是什么模樣呢

？囧?嗚……好囧啊！Ifyoucomeacrosssomewordsyoudon’tknowwhilereading,Whatwillyoudo?Guessthemeaning2010年高考大綱中關于閱讀理解的要求要求考生讀懂熟悉的有關日常生活話題的簡短文字材料，例如公告、說明、廣告以及書、報、雜志中關于一般性話題的簡短文章。考生應能：１、理解主旨要義；２、理解文中具體信息；３、根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義；４、作出簡單判斷和理解；５、理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；６、理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度。猜測詞義讀懂文章---------高三英語閱讀指導（閱讀篇）猜測詞義題目類型對考綱外生詞的猜測ManyUnitedNationsemployeesarepolyglots:Mr.Jim,forexample,speaksfivelanguagesfluently.“polyglot”mostprobablymeans“_______________.”對考綱內(nèi)熟詞新義的猜測Ihadfirstknownshewaswrongthatheranxietyhadcloudedherjudgment.(04全國卷)“cloud”means“_____________________.”Thebiggestfindinginbrainresearchinthelasttenyearsisthatthebrainatanyageishighlyplastic.Ifyouaskyourbraintolearn,itwilllearn.(07四川卷)Bysaying“thebrainatanyageishighlyplastic”,thewritermeansthebraincanbe_____.A.usedB.masteredC.developedD.researched對句義的猜測

詞義猜測題常用的提問方式有：1.Theword“…”refersto_______.2.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?3.Theunderlinedword“…”means______.......

4.Theword“…”couldbestbereplacedby_______.語境法Contextclues猜測詞意怎么猜？構(gòu)詞法Wordformation

WordFormation(構(gòu)詞法)：派生法:supermarket合成

法:salesgirl轉(zhuǎn)化法:“walk”thedog有什么啟發(fā)？中學英語中常見的前綴和后綴有：super-(超)mini-(極小的,微小的)micro-（極微小的）re-（再，反復）mis-（誤，惡）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能…的）-less（不，無）-wards(向)派生法supermanmicrowave(超人)nonnaturalmispronounce(非自然的)

homelessnonsmoker(無家可歸的)rebuildeastwards(重建)

Canyouguesstherightmeanings?(微波)(非煙民)(發(fā)錯音)(向東)

(05重慶卷)Whenhereachedtheplacewithhisarmy,hefoundanimpassableriverinfrontofhim.

impassable:不能通行的It’struethatlighthouse（燈塔）werebuiltinout-of-the-wayplace.out-of-the-way：

偏僻的

合成法

Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago,howcouldtheypicturemodernlife?

picture：

想象，描繪轉(zhuǎn)化

法猜測詞義：語境法?Logicalrelations

（邏輯關系）No.1

◎Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjects（物體、物件）

iscalledacarpenter.◎Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.

木匠

動物學家語境法猜測詞義1.定義描述

定義或釋義關系通常表現(xiàn)為定語從句，同位語，由becalled，beknownas,bedefinedas，thatis(tosay),inotherwords，toputitanotherway等詞匯或破折號引出的具體解釋性的話。小結(jié)試試看：◎Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.◎Lastweek,Iworkontheday.ButthisweekIamonthenightshift

---frommidnightto8a.m.

牧人夜班No.2

Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostas

plump

asmother,andmuchshorter.肥胖的，豐滿的Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isverythrifty.節(jié)約的語境法猜測詞義2.同義反義

表同義關系的詞：and，or，like,as…as,thesameas表轉(zhuǎn)折關系的詞：but,while,however,insteadof,ratherthan,unlike,yet,otherwise,though，onthecontrary。小結(jié)試試看(05廣東卷)“UnlikevitaminC,leadershipskillscan’tbeeasilyswalloweddown（吞）Theymustbecarefullycultivated.”Theunderlinedwordroughlymeans____.A.encouragedB.comparedC.examinedD.developedNo.3◎He’ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade.◎Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.精明的

修剪語境法猜測詞義3.因果關系

常用關聯(lián)詞(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，so,so…that,such…thattherefore等)表示前因后果。小結(jié)(06陜西卷)Thehomelesspeoplemayhavebecomejoblessandthenbeenunabletopaytheirrentandsotheywillnolongerhavearoofovertheirheads.Inparagraph2,“aroofovertheirheads”mostprobablymeans______.A.acapB.acarC.ahomeD.acovering試試看No.4

Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.家禽語境法猜測詞義4.舉例歸納

常用suchas,like，forexample,forinstance等引出例子，可根據(jù)例子隸屬的類別歸納出總稱詞即詞義。小結(jié)Thenewcoupleboughtalotofhouseholdappliances,suchaswashingmachine,fridgeandmicrowaveoven(微波爐)etc.家電試試看ManyUnitedNationsemployeesarepolyglots:Mr.Jim,forexample,speaksfivelanguagesfluently.通曉多種語言的No.5

Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananaesthetic

tomakehimunconscious(失去知覺）,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.

麻藥語境法猜測詞義5.生活常識

小結(jié)根據(jù)自身的直接或間接的經(jīng)驗，或運用自己已有的常識將生詞推測出來。因此平時多了解英美國家的風俗習慣，宗教信仰，社會生活等，可以幫助加深對文章的理解，遇到生詞，猜測詞義的能力自然就提高了。試試看Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.

波紋（05福建卷）RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.Thephrase“moppingup”intheparagraphmeans______.A.cleaningupB.takinginC.wipingoutD.givingout

TheashesoftheGreatWallarefallingdown.

IthinktheGreatwallisnowlikean80yearsoldman.Insomeplacesitisstillstanding,butreallynotfirmenough.Unlessthereissomegoodmedicine,mostofitwon’tbestandinginthenextfiftyoronehundredyears.Ifpeopledon’ttakemedicine,theGreatWallwillfalldown.B.TheGreatWallislikean80year-oldman,whoneedsmedicalcare.C.WemusttakesomemeasurestoprotecttheGreatWall,ormostoftheGreatWallwillbreakdownin50or100yearsD.TheGreatWallisfallingdown,anditwilldisappearinthefuture.No.6語境法猜測詞義6.上下推斷

小結(jié)所謂“詞不離句，句不離章“講的就是對于詞語或句子的正確理解依賴于一定的情景。猜測生詞義或句意時，一定要認真讀懂與生詞密切相關的前后句子，進行合情合理的推測，排除膚淺的表義，選擇蘊含在其中的深意。Thebiggestfindinginbrainresearchinthelasttenyearsisthatthebrainatanyageishighlyplastic.Ifyouaskyourbraintolearn,itwilllearn.(07四川卷)Bysaying“thebrainatanyageishighlyplastic”,thewritermeansthebraincanbe_____.A.usedB.masteredC.developedD.researched語境法Contextclues怎么猜?summary構(gòu)詞法Wordformation

WordFormation(構(gòu)詞法)派生法合成

法轉(zhuǎn)化法語境法猜Homework1.Gooverwhatwelearnedinthisperiod.2.Finishadditionalexercises

Readingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexactman.Enjoyreading!Bye-bye!Inquiry-basedActivities(I)

探究活動(1)1.Therearesomeglaciersmovingdownthemountainvalleys.Aglacierisariverofice.A.雪山B.樹枝C.冰河D.冰

2.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemadeuphismindtodosomething,hewon’tgiveituphalfway.A.weakB.firmC.kindD.clever

小試身手3.Mr.BrownisnowworkingatPrincetonUniversityfarawayfromhome.Forthisreasonhehastorentaroomneartheofficewhereheworks.A.租用B.借出C.購買D.參觀

4.Theofficialaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas.Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer.A.workB.studyC.nameD.interest5.Theoldwomanhasastrangehabittokeepover100catsinherhouse.Herneighborallcallheraneccentriclady.A.愛貓的B.古怪的C.閑不住D.動物保護主義者

6.Inmanycountriestherearetwofinancialextremes,frompenury

togreatwealth.A.便士B.溫飽C.非常貧困D.虛弱7.Mrs.Smithisloquaciouswhileherhusbandisthesilenttype.A.活潑的B.好動的C.多嘴多舌的D.可愛的

8.Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity.A.townB.capitalC.countrysideD.house9.Thisboyisnotstupid,onthecontrary,noonecouldbemoreintelligent.A.勤奮的B.愚蠢的C.聰明的D.情報10.Childrenarealwaysboasting.Theysaythingslike“MyDad’scarisbiggerthanyourDad’s,”“MyMomissmarterthanyours.”and“Myfamilyhasmoremoneythanyours.”Theword“boasting”means_____.A.驕傲B.吹牛C.頑皮D.幼稚Inquiry-basedActivities(II)

探究活動(2)Passage1Tensofthousandsofbabypenguins(企鵝)facestarvation（饑餓）

aftertwogianticebergs（冰山）

brokeofftheAntarcticicesheet（南極冰川）

andblocked（阻塞）

theirparents’roadtothefeedingareas.Adelineandemperorpenguinsnesting（筑巢）

ontheRossislandrookeriesarenowforcedtowalklongdistancesovertheicebergstoobtainfoodfortheirchicks,bornduringtheNovember-Decemberbreeding（繁殖）

season.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obtain”probablymean?A.eatB.getC.sellD.buyBPassage2

Aman’spositionamongtheblack-tentpeopledependsonhisancestors,relatives,andfellowtribesmen（部落成員）.Iftheyarehonored,heisalsohonored.Iftheyaredisgraced,hetooisdisgraced.Thereforeonecarefullyguardsthehonorofhisfamily,hislineage(宗系),andhistribe.Theword“disgrace”means_________inthistext.A.honorB.endangerC.proudD.shameDPassage3

Therulerhadbeensocruelanddishonestthataftertherevolution（革命）hewasbanished.AfewmembersoftheSenate(參議院)opposed（反對）

thisdecision,butthemajorityvotedthattheruler

shouldleavethecountryforever.

Theunderlinedword“banished”mean_______.A.killedbystoningB.sentawayC.imprisonedD.punishedbywhipping

BPassage4

Myfirstjobwastodrivetheoxenthatploughed（犁）thecanefields（甘蔗田）.Iwouldwalkbehindanox,guidinghimwithabroomstick.For$1aday,Iworkedeighthoursstraight,withnofoodbreaks.Itwasverytediouswork,butitpreparedmeforlifeandtaughtmemanylastinglessons.Becausetheplantationownerswerealwayswatchingus,IhadtobeontimeeverydayandworkashardasIcould.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tedious”probablymean?A.interestingB.tiresomeC.relaxingD.challengingBPassage5

Althoughheoftenhadthechance,Mr.Brownwasneverabletostealmoneyfromacustomer.Thiswouldendangeredhispositionatthebank,andhe