2024上海高考英語名校名卷語法填空試題匯編（含答案詳解）

上海高考名校名卷分類匯編19份語法填空1．育才23-24秋-1II.GrammarandVocabulary 20分SectionAGrammarDirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.10分Doyouknowsomeonewhoisexceptionallypickywhenitcomestothefoodtoeat,theclothestowear,orthepeopletodate?Choosypeopletendtobesomewhatoverlyanalytical-theycarefullyweightheprosandconsofmostdecisions.Asaresult,theytendtotakealotoftime(21)________(make)uptheirminds.RememberJerryfromSeinfeld?Hewasextremelypickyregardingthepeoplehedated.Anyphysicalflaw,(22)________small,wasJerry'sreasonforrejectingapossibledatingpartner.Ihadafriendwhowaslikethat.Hedidn'tliketheshapeofthisgirl'schin,oranother(23)_______earswere“toolargeforherface.”Asaresult,herarelydatedanyone.Awaitresstoldmeastoryofaparticularpickywoman.Therestauranthadaspecialsalad(24)________tonsofingredients.Thiswomanwouldgodownthelistofingredientsandsay,“Idon'tlikecucumbers,takethatout...takeoutthecilantro,notomatoes,etc.”Thewaitresssaidthatbythetimeshewasdone,itwas(25)________saladofjusticeberglettuce!Peoplewhoarenotpicky-theoppositeendofthescale-tendtobe(26)________(impulsive),flexible,andopentoexperience.Ourresearchfoundthatsomepeopleareonlypickyinparticularareasoftheirlives-eating,dating,orwhen(27)________(evaluate)goodsforpurchase,althoughmostwerepickyinmostthings.Pickypeopletendtoanalyze,andoftenoveranalyze,thechoicesthattheyareabouttomake.Someofthemcandrivesalespersonscrazyastheyhesitate,evaluate.andhesitateagain.Acontractor(承包商),who(28)________(remodel)acoupleofhouses,toldmethestoryoftwoextremeclients.Thefirst,whowasextremelychoosy,tookforevertodecideonbathroomfixtures,appliances,cabinets,andpaint.(29)________thenon-pickyone,lookedatthreesimilarcolorsandsaid,“They'reallok,youchoose.”Whilechoosyindividuals(30)________spendlongtimedeciding,beinganalyticalandslowingtoact,non-choosypeople'simpulsivenessmayleadtoquick,andunwisedecisions.However,thetruthisthatnon-choosypeoplemayalsomaketheirquickdecisions,andrationalizethemtomakethemfit,evenifitwasn'tthebestdecisioninthefirstplace.難度☆☆☆☆參考答案1.tomake2.however3.whose4.with5.a6.moreimpulsive7.evaluating8.wasremodeling9.But10.may[解析][導(dǎo)語]這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了挑剔的人傾向于過度分析，因此,他們往往要花很多時(shí)間來做決定.[1題詳解]句意:因此,他們往往要花很多時(shí)間來做決定。分析句子可知,此處為taketimetodosth“花時(shí)間做某事”,所以此處為動(dòng)詞不定式形式。故填tomake.[2題詳解]句意:任何身體上的缺陷,不管多小,都是杰里拒絕潛在約會(huì)對(duì)象的理由.分析句子可知,此處為副詞however后接形容詞,引導(dǎo)讓步狀從，表示“不管怎樣”，滿足句意要求。故填however.[3題詳解]句意:他不喜歡這個(gè)女孩的下巴,也不喜歡另一個(gè)女孩的耳朵“對(duì)她的臉來說太大了”。分析句子可知,此處引導(dǎo)定語從句,先行詞another在從句中作ears的定語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)從句。故填whose.[4題詳解]句意:這家餐館有一種特別的沙拉,里面有很多配料。根據(jù)句意以及空后tonsofingredients為名詞短語可知,此處為介詞with表示“伴隨著,攜帶”,滿足句意要求。故填with.[5題詳解]考查冠詞。句意:服務(wù)員說,當(dāng)她做好的時(shí)候,這是一份只有卷心萵苣的沙拉!根據(jù)句意以及空后salad為單數(shù)名詞可知,此處泛指“一份沙拉”,結(jié)合salad為首音節(jié)輔音單詞,所以為不定冠詞a的填入。故填a。[6題詳解]句意:不挑剔的人——天平的另一端——往往更沖動(dòng)、更靈活、更開放。根據(jù)句意可知,此處為形容詞比較級(jí)形式,和前面的情況形成對(duì)比,theoppositeendofthescale為另一對(duì)立情況,為比較級(jí)的線索和提示。故填moreimpulsive.[7題詳解]句意:我們的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),有些人只在生活的特定領(lǐng)域——飲食、約會(huì)或評(píng)估購買商品時(shí)——挑剔,盡管大多數(shù)人在大多數(shù)事情上都很挑剔。分析句子可知,此處為when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的省略用法,省略從句主語和be動(dòng)詞,故填evaluating。[8題詳解]句意:一個(gè)正在改造幾棟房子的承包商給我講了兩個(gè)極端客戶的故事。分析句子可知,此處為關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的填入,由主句動(dòng)詞told可知,此處應(yīng)為過去時(shí)態(tài),結(jié)合句意可知,應(yīng)為過去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,為過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。故填wasremodeling.[9題詳解]句意:但不挑剔的那只看了三種相似的顏色后說:“都不錯(cuò),你選吧?！苯Y(jié)合上下文可知,此處應(yīng)為連詞But表示“但是”,和上文形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故填But。[10題詳解]句意:挑剔的人可能會(huì)花很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間做決定,分析能力強(qiáng),行動(dòng)遲緩,而不挑剔的人的神動(dòng)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致快速而不明智的決定。根據(jù)句意以及下文的may可知,此處也應(yīng)為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may的填入,表示“可能”,形成上下文語意的呼應(yīng)。故填may.2．大同23-24秋-2II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.(A)Imagineforamomentthatyourunbornchildhasararegeneticdisorder.Not(21)_________atleastvaguelyfamiliar,suchassickle-cellanaemiaorcysticfibrosis,butratheracondition(22)_________(bury)deepwithinthemedicaldictionary.Adrenoleukodystrophy,maybe.OrEhlers-Danlossyndrome.Wouldyou,whenyourchildisborn,wanttoknowaboutit?Ifeffectivetreatmentswereavailable,youprobablywould.Butifnot?Iftheoutcomewerefatal,wouldyourinterestinknowingaboutitdependonwhetheryournewbornhadfiveyearsoflife(23)_________(look)forwardto,orten?Or30?Todaythesequestionsaremostlyhypothetical.Preciselybecausetheyarerare,suchdisordersareseldomnoticedatbirth.Theymanifest（顯現(xiàn)）themselvesonlygradually,andoftenwithunpredictableseverity.Butthatmaysoonchange.Twentyyearsafterthefirsthumangenome(24)_________(map),thepriceofwhole-genomesequencinghasfallentoapoint(25)_________itcould,inrichcountriesatleast,beofferedroutinelytonewborns.Parentswillthenhavetodecideexactlyhowmuchtheywanttoknow.Earlydiagnosisbringswithitthepossibilityofearlytreatment.Moreover,sequencingthegenomesofnewbornscouldofferalifetimeofreturns.Apatient'sgenomemayreveal(26)_________drugswillworkbestinhisorherparticularcaseforconditionssuchasADHD,depressionandcancer.Combinedwithinformationaboutsomeone'swayoflife,itcouldhighlighteasilyneglectedhealthriskssuchascancersandcardiovasculardisease,leadingtobetterpreventivemeasures.Adatabaseofgenomes,(27)_________(match)tolivingpeople,wouldbeabenefittomedicalresearch.Thefruitsofthatresearch,inturn,wouldmakethosegenomesmoreusefultotheirownersastimegoeson.Suchapowerfulnewtechnologycreatesnewdangers.Widespreadscreeningforthousandsofpotentiallyharmfulgenesmaybecounterproductive:someresultsmayworryparentsunnecessarily,becausesomegeneticvariations,(28)_________occasionallyindicativeofdisease,arenotstronglyso.Parentsmaynotwanttounlockallthesecretsthattheirnewborn'sgenomemightreveal.Somemayindeedprefernottoknowaboutconditionsthatcannotbetreated.Adult-onsetillnessesposeadifferentdilemma-areasonablepositionisthatit(29)_________beuptothechildrenthemselves,oncegrown,todecidewhethertheywanttolookattheirgenomicinformation.Afurtherconcernisthatdatawillnotbekeptsecure,andmaybeleakedorotherwisemisused(30)_________somepointinthefuture.難度☆☆☆☆參考答案21.something22.buried23.tolook24.wasmapped25.where26.which27.matched28.though29.should30.at[解析](1)句意:至少不是一-些似曾相識(shí)的疾病，比如鐮狀細(xì)胞貧血癥或囊性纖維化，而是一種深深植根于醫(yī)學(xué)詞典中的疾病。根據(jù)句意可知，表示"一些"，應(yīng)用不定代詞something。故填something。(2)句意:不是像鐮狀細(xì)胞貧血或囊性纖維化這樣的稍微熟悉的疾病，而是深埋在醫(yī)學(xué)詞典中的一種疾病。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知bury與邏輯主語condition構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，為非謂語動(dòng)詞，用過去分詞短語作后置定語。故填buried。(3)考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意:如果結(jié)果是致命的，你是否有興趣知道它取決于你的新生兒的壽命是5年還是10年?或30年?此處為"havesth.todo"，表示"有某事要做"，動(dòng)詞不定式表示將來的動(dòng)作。故填tolook。(4)句意:在第一個(gè)人類基因組圖譜繪制完成20年后，全基因組測(cè)序的價(jià)格已經(jīng)下降到可以(至少在富裕國(guó)家)常規(guī)提供給新生兒的程度。主語與謂語構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，根據(jù)上文Twentyyearsafter可知?jiǎng)幼靼l(fā)生在過去，用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語thefirsthumangenome是單數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用was。故填wasmapped。(5)句意:在第一個(gè)人類基因組圖譜繪制完成20年后，全基因組測(cè)序的價(jià)格已經(jīng)下降到可以(至少在富裕國(guó)家)常規(guī)提供給新生兒的程度。先行詞point在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)從句。故填where。(6)句意:病人的基因組可能會(huì)揭示哪種藥物對(duì)他或她的特殊情況最有效，比如多動(dòng)癥、抑郁癥和癌癥。結(jié)合有關(guān)某人生活方式的信息，它可以突出容易被忽視的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，如癌癥和心血管疾病，從而導(dǎo)致更好的預(yù)防措施。引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句中表示"哪一種藥物"應(yīng)用which引導(dǎo)從句。故填which。(7)句意:與活人相匹配的基因組數(shù)據(jù)庫將有利于醫(yī)學(xué)研究。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知match與邏輯主語adatabaseofgenomes構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，為非謂語動(dòng)詞，用過去分詞作定語。故填matched。(8)句意:對(duì)數(shù)千種潛在有害基因的廣泛篩查可能會(huì)適得其反:一些結(jié)果可能會(huì)讓父母不必要地?fù)?dān)心，因?yàn)橐恍┗蜃儺愲m然偶爾預(yù)示著疾病，但并不強(qiáng)烈。引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，表示"雖然"應(yīng)用though引導(dǎo)從句，狀從省略，省略主語和be。故填though。(9)句意:成人發(fā)病的疾病帶來了不同的困境——一個(gè)合理的立場(chǎng)是，應(yīng)該由孩子們自己決定,一旦長(zhǎng)大，他們是否想要查看自己的基因組信息。后文be為動(dòng)詞原形，結(jié)合句意"應(yīng)該"可知應(yīng)用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should。故填should。(10)句意:更令人擔(dān)憂的是，數(shù)據(jù)將不會(huì)保持安全，并且可能在將來的某個(gè)時(shí)候泄露或以其他方式被濫用。結(jié)合句意表示"在某個(gè)時(shí)候"應(yīng)用介詞短語atsomepoint。故填at。3.東昌23-24秋-3SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.WhatCanOneCityDo?Peoplearoundtheworldareconcernedaboutglobalwarmingandaretalkingaboutwaystostopit.ThecityofCambridge,Massachusetts,intheUnitedStates,isdoingmorethanjusttalking.Cambridgewantstobecomeaworldleaderinenergy-efficientbuildings.Today,NaemaOmarisimprovingher80-year-oldhouseinCambridge.Tokeeptheheatinsideinthewinter,sheisfillingthespaceinsidethewallswithinsulation（絕緣）.Insulationisusuallymadefromchemicals,butinherhouse,sheisusing(21)_________new——insulationmadefromrecycledbluejeansandotherclothes.ShehasalsoputinanewtypeoflightcalledanLEDlamp(22)_________usesonlyatinyamountofelectricity.Thelight-bulbsinitlastfor20to30yearsbeforeneeding(23)_________(change).Buteco-friendlyinsulationandlightingaremuchmoreexpensivethantheusualkind(24)__________________manypeopleinCambridgecan'taffordthem.AgroupcalledCambridgeEnergyAlliance(CEA)(25)_________(work)tosolvethisproblem.Theywanttohelpeveryresidentandbusinessinthecityconserveenergy.Peoplecanaskthegrouptocomeandlookat(26)_________theycanmaketheirhouseorofficebuildingeco-friendly.TheCEAthenmakesthemaplantosave15to30percentonheating,gas,water,andelectricity.Thenthegrouphelppeopleborrowmoneytopayfortheimprovements.Themoneythatpeoplesavebybeing(27)_________(efficient)shouldbeenoughtopaybacktheloan.ItwastenyearsagothatthecityofCambridgedecidedtotrytoreduceitscarbonemissions.Morethan80percentofthecarbondioxide(28)_________(produce)inCambridgecomesfrombuildings-notfromcars.(29)_________successful,theprogramwillnotonlysavealotofenergybutalsomakenewjobsforlocalpeople.Workers(30)_________(need)toputininsulation,installbetterdoorsandwindows,andmakeotherenergyimprovementsonbuildings.TheCEAhopesthattheirprogramwillbeanexampleforothercities.難度☆☆參考答案21.something 22.that/which 23.tobechanged/changing 24.sothat 25.areworking 26.how 27.moreefficient 28.produced 29.If/Once 30.willbeneeded[解析](1)句意:隔熱材料通常是由化學(xué)物質(zhì)制成的，但在她的房子里，她正在使用新的東西。根據(jù)句意可知，表示一些東西，應(yīng)用不定代詞something。故填something。(2)句意:她還安裝了一種新型的燈，稱為L(zhǎng)ED燈，只需少量的電力。定從，故填that/which。(3)句意:里面的燈泡可以使用20到30年，然后需要更換。needdoing=needtobedone故填tobechanged/changing。(4)句意:但環(huán)保隔熱和照明比普通的要貴得多，所以劍橋的許多人都買不起。結(jié)果狀從，故填sothat。(5)句意:一個(gè)名為劍橋能源聯(lián)盟（CEA）的組織正在工作來解決這個(gè)問題。故填areworking。(6)句意:人們可以請(qǐng)小組來看看如何讓他們的房子或辦公樓變得環(huán)保。名從缺狀，故填how 。(7)句意:然后，該組織幫助人們借錢來支付裝修費(fèi)用。人們通過更加高效的儲(chǔ)蓄的錢應(yīng)該足以償還貸款。形容詞比較級(jí)，故填moreefficient。(8)句意:劍橋大學(xué)80%以上的二氧化碳來自建筑物，而不是汽車。非謂語，分詞做定，被動(dòng)，故填produced。(9)句意:如果成功，該項(xiàng)目不僅可以節(jié)省大量能源，還可以為當(dāng)?shù)厝藙?chuàng)造新的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。狀從省略，省略主語和be,故填I(lǐng)f/Once。(10)句意:工人們將被需要來安裝隔熱材料，安裝更好的門窗，并對(duì)建筑物進(jìn)行其他能源改進(jìn)。將來被動(dòng)，故填willbeneeded。4.復(fù)附23-24秋-5II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.9:00A.M.,Saturday,November14ThemomentFatimaBennetthaddreamedofwasfinallyhere.Therefore,shecouldn’tbe(21)______(happy).The4CChallenge(alsoknownastheClarkCountyCodingCompetition)wastheeventoftheyear(22)______targetparticipantswereSTEM-mindedeighthgraderslikeFatimaandhertwobestfriends,JuliaSheenandFelipeAlvarez.Theirclassmateswerebusypostingpicturesonsocialmediaoftheirglorioussummervacationswhilethethreebestfriends,whocalled(23)______TeamJavaTime,hadspentcountlesshoursstoryboarding,coding,andadjustingtheirprogram.Theirapp,RomeoandJulietRemixed,turnedthefamousplayintoamultiplayeradventurethatretoldthestory,(24)______(integrate)Shakespeare’slanguagewiththerhymesofsongs.ThecompletedappwasduebySeptember1,andtheteenshadworkedhardtogetitdone.(25)______atanypointtheylostmomentum(動(dòng)力),theywerepushedbyweeklytextsfromNeilGreen,whohadtakenoverthecompetitioncoordination(協(xié)調(diào))thisyear.Onthedaywhentheirapp(26)______(submit)tothecompetition’ssubmissionwebsite,Fatimasaid,“Aprizewouldbegreat,butweallknowtheverybestreward.”Theteensshouted,“K-J-H-S!”Fatima,Julia,andFelipewereexcitedtoshowofftheirdigitalskillsinfrontoftheotherteamsofeighthgraders,buttheyweremostinterestedinthereward(27)______(give)tothetopthreeteams:guaranteedadmissiontoKatherineJohnsonHighSchool,thecounty’sSTEMmagnetschool.Felipe,Fatima,andJulia,friendssincekindergarten,(28)______barelycontaintheirexcitement.TheirdreamofgoingtoKJHStogetherwas(29)______theirreach!Thatwas(30)______Fatimadidn’tmindgettingoutofbedat8A.M.onthiscoldNovemberSaturdaytospendthedayatClarksvilleUniversity,thesiteoftheannualcompetition.難度☆☆參考答案21.happier 22.whose 23.themselves 24.integrating 25.If26.wassubmitted 27.given 28.could 29.within 30.why[解析](1)考查比較級(jí)。句意:因此，她開心得不得了。"can't/couldn't+be+形容詞的比較級(jí)"為固定結(jié)構(gòu),表示不過了;，.是用比較級(jí)形式表達(dá)最高級(jí)含義。happy的比較級(jí)是happier,故填happier。(2)考查定語從句。句意:4C挑戰(zhàn)賽(也稱為克拉克縣編碼比賽)是今年的活動(dòng)，其目標(biāo)參與者是有STEM意識(shí)的八年級(jí)學(xué)生，如Fatima和她的兩個(gè)最好的朋友JuliaSheen和FelipeAlvarez?？仗幰龑?dǎo)限制性定語從句，先行詞是the4CChallenge，與空后的targetparticipants之間為所屬關(guān)系，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)該從句，故填whose。(3)考查反身代詞。句意:他們的同學(xué)們正忙著在社交媒體上發(fā)布他們輝煌暑假的照片，而三個(gè)最好的朋友，他們自稱JavaTime團(tuán)隊(duì)，花了無數(shù)個(gè)小時(shí)寫故事、編碼和調(diào)整他們的程序?？仗幣c主語指同一組人，表示"他們自己"，應(yīng)用反身代詞themselves,作call的賓語，故填themselves。(4)考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意:他們的應(yīng)用程序RomeoandJulietRemixed將這部著名的戲劇變成了一場(chǎng)多人冒險(xiǎn)，將莎士比亞的語言與歌曲的韻律融合在一起，重新講述了故事。本句中謂語動(dòng)詞是turned且無連接詞，空處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞，作狀語，主語theirappRomeoandJulietRemixed與動(dòng)詞integrate"(使)合并，成為一體"之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，故填integrating。(5)考查狀語從句。句意:如果在任何時(shí)候他們失去了動(dòng)力，他們都會(huì)受到尼爾.格林每周發(fā)來的短信的推動(dòng)，他今年接管了比賽協(xié)調(diào)工作。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示條件，應(yīng)用if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，位于句首，首字母需大寫，故填if。(6)考查時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)及主謂一致。句意:在他們的應(yīng)用程序被提交到比賽提交網(wǎng)站的那天，法蒂瑪說:"獎(jiǎng)品太好了，但我們都知道最好的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。"theirapp與動(dòng)詞submit"提交;呈遞"之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，本句陳述過去發(fā)生的事情，所以用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用was,故填wassubmitted。(7)考查過去分詞。句意:但他們最感興趣的是給予前三組的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì):保證進(jìn)入該縣的STEM磁石學(xué)校凱瑟琳.約翰遜高中。thereward與動(dòng)詞give之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞given作后置定語，故填given。(8)考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意:Felipe、Fatima和Julia是從幼兒園開始的朋友，他們幾乎無法抑制自己的興奮?？蘸骳ontain為動(dòng)詞原形，且本句陳述過去的狀況，空處應(yīng)填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could,can/couldbarely表示"幾乎不能"，符合句意，故填could。(9)考查介詞。句意:他們一起去KJHS的夢(mèng)想觸手可及!withintheirreach為固定短語，表示"夠得到;觸手可及"，故填within。(10)考查表語從句。句意:這就是為什么法蒂瑪不介意在11月這個(gè)寒冷的周六早上8點(diǎn)起床，在一年一度的比賽地點(diǎn)克拉克斯維爾大學(xué)度過一天。前面介紹了原因，這里應(yīng)用why引出導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果，thatis/waswhy...表示"這就是為什么，.故填why。5格致23024秋-9II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Youmightnotknowyourselfaswellasyouthink.Accordingtoanewstudy,peoplearerelativelyaccuratejudgesofonlysomeoftheirbehaviors.(21)_______mostpreviousstudiesonhowwellpeopleknowthemselveshavebeendoneonlong-termpersonalitytraits,thisnewstudyprobeshowwellpeopleunderstand(22)_______theyareactingfromonemomenttothenext.Researchersaskedparticipantstowearaudiorecordersthatautomaticallyactivatedevery9.5minutesbetween7a.m.and2a.m.torecord30secondsofaudio.Theseparticipantswerethenemailedsurveysfourtimesaday(23)_______(ask)themtorecallhowoutgoing,agreeable,orconscientioustheywereduringaparticularhouroftheday.Thestudyuseddatafrom248participants,allof(24)_______answeredquestionsabouttheirbehaviorfortwoconsecutiveweeksandworetheaudiodeviceforoneofthoseweeks.Sixlaboratoryassistantsratedeachparticipant’saudioclips(25)_______(see)howtheirobservationscomparedwithpeople’sassessmentof(26)_______.Thesixassistantsweregenerallyinagreementwithoneanotherabouthowthepeopletheywereobserving(27)_______(act).Further,participants’ratingsoftheirownbehaviorsagreedwithobservers’forhowoutgoingandhowconscientioustheywerebeing.Buttheagreementbetweenparticipantsandoutsideobserverswas(28)_______(small)foragreeableness.Someofthisdiscrepancycouldbebecausetheobserversusedonlyaudioclips,andthuscouldnotreadcues(29)_______bodylanguage,butthereareprobablyotherexplanations,(30)_______peopleshouldbeabletohearwhenaparticipantisbeingkindversusbeingrude.Theweakagreementbetweenhowparticipantsthoughttheywereactingandwhatobserversheardcouldbebecausepeoplewouldratherdenyrudebehavior.難度☆☆參考答案21.Though/Although/While22.how23.asking24.whom25.tosee26.themselves27.acted28.smaller29.like30.Because/as/for[解析][導(dǎo)語]本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了人們可能不如想象中的那么了解自己,因?yàn)橐豁?xiàng)新的研究結(jié)果表明人們只能相對(duì)準(zhǔn)確地評(píng)價(jià)自己的行為。[小題1]考查狀語從句。句意:雖然之前大多數(shù)關(guān)于人們對(duì)自己了解程度的研究都是針對(duì)長(zhǎng)期人格特征進(jìn)行的,但這項(xiàng)新研究探討了人們對(duì)自己從一個(gè)時(shí)刻到下一個(gè)時(shí)刻的行為方式的了解程度。此處表示之前大多數(shù)研究的內(nèi)容和這項(xiàng)新研究的內(nèi)容是不同的，有讓步的關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)用表示“雖然"的從屬連詞thougl/although/while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,且空處位于句首，首字母應(yīng)大寫。故填Though/Although/While。[小題2]考查賓語從句。句意:雖然之前大多數(shù)關(guān)于人們對(duì)自己了解程度的研究都是針對(duì)長(zhǎng)期人格特征進(jìn)行的，但這項(xiàng)新研究探討了人們對(duì)自己從一個(gè)時(shí)刻到下一個(gè)時(shí)刻的行為方式的了解程度。分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句作understand的賓語,結(jié)合下文具體的研究?jī)?nèi)容可知，這項(xiàng)新研究探究的是人們對(duì)自己的行為方式的了解程度，從句中缺少方式狀語，空處表達(dá)如何,式”，應(yīng)用連接副詞how作引導(dǎo)詞。故填how。[小題3]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:然后,這些參與者每天通過電子郵件接受四次調(diào)查,要求他們回憶自己在-天中某個(gè)特定小時(shí)內(nèi)的外向、親和或認(rèn)真程度。分析句子可知，空處作surveys的后置定語，是非謂語動(dòng)詞，ask“要求和surveys邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用ask的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填asking.[小題4]考查定語從句。句意:這項(xiàng)研究使用了248名參與者的數(shù)據(jù)，他們都連續(xù)兩周回答了有關(guān)他們行為的問題，并在其中一周佩戴了音頻設(shè)備。分析句子可知，空處和空前的allof構(gòu)成代詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,對(duì)先行詞participants作補(bǔ)充說明，先行詞指人，在從句中作of的賓語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whom作引導(dǎo)詞。故填whom。[小題5]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:六名實(shí)驗(yàn)室助理對(duì)每個(gè)參與者的音頻片段進(jìn)行評(píng)分，看看他們的觀察結(jié)果與人們對(duì)自己的評(píng)價(jià)相比如何。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空處作句子的目的狀語，應(yīng)用see的不定式形式。故填tosee.[小題6]考查代詞。句意:六名實(shí)驗(yàn)室助理對(duì)每個(gè)參與者的音頻片段進(jìn)行評(píng)分，看看他們的觀察結(jié)果與人們對(duì)自己的評(píng)價(jià)相比如何。聯(lián)系上下文可知，此處assessment的對(duì)象也是people,因此空處應(yīng)用反身代詞themselves,意為“他們自己"。故填themselves。[小題7]theywereobserving為修飾people的定語從句,此處在敘述過去發(fā)生的事情，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故填acted.[小題8]考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意:但參與者和外部觀察者在親和性方面的一致程度要小,轉(zhuǎn)折，上文提到參與者和外部觀察者在外向和認(rèn)真方面的評(píng)價(jià)一致,因此這里應(yīng)該表示在親和性方面的一致程度要小一些,空處應(yīng)用small的比較級(jí)形式。故填smaller。[小題9]考查介詞。句意:這種差異的部分原因可能是因?yàn)橛^察者只使用了音頻片段,因此無法讀取肢體語言等線索,但能還有其他解釋，因?yàn)槿藗儜?yīng)該能夠聽出參與者是友善還是粗魯?？蘸蟮腷odylanguage是對(duì)cues的舉例說明，因此空處應(yīng)用表示“像”的介詞like,表示像肢體語言這樣的線索。故填like。[小題10]考查狀語從句。句意:這種差異的部分原因可能是因?yàn)橛^察者只使用了音頻片段,因此無法讀取肢體語言等線索,但可能還有其他解釋，因?yàn)槿藗儜?yīng)該能夠聽出參與者是友善還是粗魯?？蘸髢?nèi)容和空前內(nèi)容之間是因果關(guān)系，前為果，后為因,因此空處應(yīng)用表示“因?yàn)椤钡膹膶龠B詞because/as/for,引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。故because/as/for.6.華二23-24秋-10II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.SeeingthewoodforthetreesAmerica'spacificnorthwestwaslargelybuiltontimber.Buttheindustrylostan(21)_________(estimate)$1.8bnin2020,soonce-bustlingtownsarescramblingtofindalternativesourcesofincome.Somearepinningtheirhopeson(22)_________canbeamoresustainableuseofthematerial:"masstimber",smallsectionsofwoodheldtogetherwithresinorasimilarbinder.Bigloggingfirmshavepushedthesmallonesoutoftimbertowns.Poorlymanagedwildfireshaveruinedtreesthat(23)_________havebeenusedforproducts.Andgreengroupshaveraisedthealarmaboutover-harvesting.Canmasstimber--strong,lightandfire-resistant--givethesectoraboost?(24)_________itsinventioninAustriainthe1990s,masstimberhasbeenusedextensivelyinEurope.ButithasonlyrecentlycaughtoninAmerica:1,500mass-timberstructureshavebeenbuiltorplannedsince2015(25)_________thecountry'snationalbuildingcodeapprovedthematerial,upfromthe23thatexistedin2013.InJulya25-storeyblockinMilwaukeewascertifiedastheworld'stallestmass-timberbuilding.Suchbuildingsaremuchgreenertoerectthan(26)_________madefromenergy-intensivesteelandconcrete.Masstimberismadefromnew-growthtrees,whichareusuallytheresultofplantingsandmorequicklyreachtheirageofuse.Ithelpskeep"workingforestsworking",saysMarcusKauffmanoftheOregonDepartmentofForestry.Mass-timberprojectsarethemainbeneficiariesof$32mearmarkedforwood-relatedinnovationsandgrantsinPresidentJoeBiden'sinfrastructurebill.Sustainabilityisabigpartoftheappeal.Forestsaremade(27)_________(resilient)bycuttingsmalltreesandbrushthatdonothavemarketvalue,saysMrKauffman.Yetmass-timber'ssuitabilityforaffordablehousingandrapidlydeployableshelters(28)_________(mean)thesectorcanexpectrobustdemand,hesays.In2020Oregonsaidthemass-timberindustrypresented"uniqueopportunities'forhigh-wagejobsand"statewideprosperity".Environmentalists,includingLaurieWay-burnofthePacificForestTrust,aconservationgroup,worrythataboomingsectormayeventuallydomore(29)_________(degrade)foreststhanprotectthem.Butfornow,MsWayburntoothinksmasstimberholds"alotofpromise".Thematerialstrikesher(30)_________"agreatblendingofcommerceandcommoditiesandconservation."難度☆☆☆☆☆參考答案21.estimated.22.what.23.might/could.24.Since25.when26.those.27.moreresilient.28.means29.todegrade.30.as[解析]21.根據(jù)句意，此處表達(dá)“但該行業(yè)在2020年損失了18億美元”，此處用過去分詞作定語，修飾$1.8bn。22.根據(jù)句意，此處表達(dá)“一些人把希望寄托在一種可能更可持續(xù)的木材利用方式上”，此處用what引導(dǎo)賓語從句。23.根據(jù)句意，此處表達(dá)“大火已經(jīng)毀壞了本來可以用來生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品的樹木”，此處用could/mighthavebeen表達(dá)“本來可以”。24.根據(jù)句意，此處表達(dá)“自從20世紀(jì)90年代在奧地利發(fā)明以來，大量木材在歐洲得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用”，此處用since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語。25.根據(jù)句意，此處表達(dá)“自從2015年美國(guó)國(guó)家建筑法規(guī)批準(zhǔn)了這種材料以來”，因此用when引導(dǎo)定語從句。26．根據(jù)句意，此處表達(dá)“這樣的建筑比那些用能源密集型的鋼鐵和混凝土建造的建筑更環(huán)?！保颂幱胻hose代指前面的buildings。27.根據(jù)句意，考夫曼說，通過砍伐沒有市場(chǎng)價(jià)值的小樹和灌木，森林會(huì)變得更有韌性。這種材料是用小木頭粘成大木頭，環(huán)保，保護(hù)大木頭，moreresilient。28.根據(jù)句意，不過，他說這種木材適用于經(jīng)濟(jì)適用房和快速部署庇護(hù)所，這意味著該行業(yè)有望迎來大量的需求。謂語動(dòng)詞，單數(shù)，means。29.根據(jù)句意，包括太平洋森林信托（一個(gè)環(huán)保組織）的勞里·威伯恩在內(nèi)的環(huán)保主義者擔(dān)心，這個(gè)行業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展并非會(huì)保護(hù)森林，而是最終可能會(huì)使森林退化。Todo做結(jié)果狀語，todegrade。30.根據(jù)句意，在她看來，這種材料是“商業(yè)、商品和環(huán)保的完美結(jié)合”。固定搭配，strikesb.as給某人以……印象，讓某人覺得……。7建平23-24秋-11AgreetoDisagreeemberrunningthroughthewhippingraintofindaphonebooth,only(21)________(get)cutoffinthemiddleofthecallbecauseIranoutofchange.Irememberhavingpostedhand-writtenlettershomefromoverseasthatwouldtaketwoweekstoarrive.ofsocialmediaistrulyamiracle.Freeofcharge,you.Socialmediaenablesustodebatewithpeopleoodthinginsomeaspects.Inthemarket-placeofideas,yougettolesshoesandsee(23)_______theworldlookslikefromtheirperspective.Intspredictedanendtohistoricalconflictbecausepeoplewouldbecomemoreopen-mindedandtolerant.Butthisissadlynotturningouttobethecase.AspsychologistJonathanHaidtsaidinhisarticleTheCoddlingoftheAmericanMind,socialmedia(24)_______(create)peoplewhoareaddictedtoconflictandisdrivingpolarization(分化).Becauseonlinedisagreementsarenolongerbeingconductedbetweentwopeopleinanenclosedroom,butareinsteadhappeninginapublicspacewiththousandsofonlookers,manydebateshaveevolvedintonothingmorethanapopularitycontest--whoeverwalksawaywiththemostlikes(25)________(crown)thewinne.Peopleoftensaythingstheydontbelieveinordertogetmorelikes.(26)________sugar—themorelikesyouget,thebetteryoufeel.ialmediaalgorithms(算法)reinforceanechochamber(回音室).By(27)________(expose)youtoarticlesandvideossimilarinopiniontothoseyouveclickedonbefore,theylureyoudowntherabbithole(28)_______themediayouconsumeisreinforcingtheopinionsyoualreadyhave.probablygot(29)_______(stick)inaheateddebateoversomecontroversialtopic.Thisaynotmattermuchiftheconflictoccursbetweenstrangers.Butwhenitcoestoclosefamilyorfriends,theresultcanbeunpleasant.Manypeoplefinditreallyhardtofeelclosetotheirfriends(30)_______theyhavethesamebeliefs.thefollowing:ouareentitledtoyouropinion;Ijusthappentothinkotherwise.Soletsagreetodisagree.難度☆☆☆參考答案[小題1]toget[小題2]can[小題3]what[小題4]hascreated[小題5]beingcrowned[小題6]But[小題7]exposing[小題8]where[小題9]stuck[小題10]although[解析][導(dǎo)語]本文是一-篇議論文。文章議論了隨著社交媒體的不斷發(fā)展，它為世界各地人們的思想碰撞提供了機(jī)會(huì)，同時(shí)也產(chǎn)生了消極影響，即爭(zhēng)論和沖突的極端化。[小題1]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:我已經(jīng)夠大了，還記得冒著傾盆大雨去找電話亭，結(jié)果電話打到一半就斷了，因?yàn)榱沐X用完了。句中onlytodo為固定短語，意為“結(jié)果是(表示出乎意料)”。故填toget。[小題2]考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意:免費(fèi)的，你可以聯(lián)系任何人，任何地點(diǎn)，任何時(shí)間。設(shè)空處使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞原形。此處表示"能夠"。故填can。[小題3]考查賓語從句。句意:在眾多的思想中，你可以站在他人的角度，從他們的角度看看世界是什么樣子的。分析句子，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作賓語，意為“什么”。故填what。[小題4]考查動(dòng)詞。句意:社交媒體造就了沉迷于沖突的人，助長(zhǎng)了兩極分化。分析句子,設(shè)空處使用動(dòng)詞作謂語。此處表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響，故使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故填hascreated,[小題5]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:因?yàn)榫W(wǎng)上的爭(zhēng)論不再是兩個(gè)人在一個(gè)封閉的房間里進(jìn)行的,而是在-一個(gè)有成干上萬人圍觀的公共空間里進(jìn)行的，許多辯論已經(jīng)演變成一場(chǎng)受歡迎程度的競(jìng)賽一誰得到最多的“贊"，誰就會(huì)被加冕為獲勝者。分析句子設(shè)空處應(yīng)該使用非謂語動(dòng)詞，crown意為"授予，為加冕"，whoever與其之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，同時(shí)表示該動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生,故使用beingdone結(jié)構(gòu)。故填beingcrowned,[小題6]考查連詞。句意:但是甜言蜜語——你得到的贊越多,你的感覺就越好。分析句子,此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用but。同時(shí)，該空置于句首，首字母要大寫故填But。[小題7]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:通過讓你接觸與你之前點(diǎn)擊過的觀點(diǎn)相似的文章和視頻,他們引誘你掉進(jìn)兔子洞，在那里你所消費(fèi)的媒體正在強(qiáng)化你已經(jīng)擁有的觀點(diǎn)。分析句子,設(shè)空處置于介詞by之后，故使用expose的動(dòng)名詞作賓語，意為“接觸”。故填exposing。[小題8]考直定語從句。句意:通過讓你接觸與你之前點(diǎn)擊過的觀點(diǎn)相似的文章和視頻,他們引誘你掉進(jìn)兔子洞，在那里你所消費(fèi)的媒體正在強(qiáng)化你已經(jīng)擁有的觀點(diǎn)。分析句子，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,修飾前文的therabbithole。故填where。[小題9]考查形容詞。句意:我們中的許多人可能都曾在--些有爭(zhēng)議的話題上陷入激烈的辯論。句中g(shù)etstuckin為固定短語,意為“陷入”，stick為動(dòng)詞意為“粘住，黏住”，其形容詞為stuck,意為“卡住了的，動(dòng)不了的,被困住的"，此處作表語。故填stuck。[小題10]考查連詞。句意:許多人發(fā)現(xiàn)，盡管朋友有著相同的信仰，但他們真的很難感到親近。分析句子,設(shè)空處使用連詞,連接前后句子。此處表示讓步關(guān)系,故使用although,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。故填although.9交附23-24秋-12(A) Whatisnirvana(涅槃、超脫)forapotato?Tobeslicedandbathedinboilingoilbefore____21____(emerge)asaFrenchfry?Tohaveitsweightmatchedinbutterandcreamandbetransformedintogloriousmoundsofmash?No.Theanswerisfoundinaplasticbag.Forapotato,thereisnonoblerfatethantoendupinapacketofTaytocheese-and-onioncrisps. Taytosaretheperfectcrisps.ThecompanywasestablishedinIrelandin1954byJoeMurphy.Hewasnottheinventorofcrisps,buthehasbeencredited____22____transformingthem.Untilthentherewasnowaytoflavourtheindividualcrisps____23____.Instead,eachbagcamewithasmallbluepacketofsalt____24____(shake)overthecontents. Murphystartedwithartificialflavoursofcheeseandonion.Thepairingisaclassic,andtheflavourcombineswellwithpotatoes.“Potatoes,”____25____(write)SeamusHeaney,oneofIreland’sgreatestpoets,“promisethetasteofgroundandroot”.The____26____(poetic)mightdescribethemasabitplain.Sprinkledwiththesaltyumami(鮮味)ofMurphy’sseasoning,however,theybecameacut-pricesensation. TaytosremaintheclassicIrishcrisp,butnowtheyar