汽車(chē)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)讀譯教程 第3版 課件 23-U14TA Electric Vehicles

UNIT14

ELECTRICANDAUTONOMOUSVEHICLES

TEXTA

ElectricVehicles

PROFESSIONALENGLISHTEXTA

ElectricVehicles

本次課學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容本次課學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)掌握ElectricVehicles的英文專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯訓(xùn)練快速閱讀能力，提高閱讀速度categorize[?k?t?ɡ?ra?z]v.將…分類(lèi);把…加以歸類(lèi)charge[t?ɑ?d?]v.充電;增壓n.電荷，充氣tailpipe[?te?lpa?p]n.排氣尾管conventional[k?n?ven??nl]adj.傳統(tǒng)的;常規(guī)的propulsion[pr??p?l?n]n.推動(dòng)力;推進(jìn)mandatory[?m?nd?t?ri]adj.強(qiáng)制的;法定的hybridization[?ha?br?da??ze??n]n.雜化；雜混；雜交NEWWORDSPHRASESANDEXPRESSIONSpowertrain動(dòng)力總成;傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng);動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)batteryelectricvehicles(BEVs)純電動(dòng)汽車(chē)（BEVs）hybridelectricvehicles(PHEVs)插電式混合動(dòng)力電動(dòng)汽車(chē)（PHEVs）hybridelectricvehicles(HEVs)混合動(dòng)力電動(dòng)汽車(chē)（HEVs）fuel-cellelectricvehicles(FCEVs)燃料電池電動(dòng)汽車(chē)（FCEVs）regenerativebraking再生制動(dòng)batterypacks電池組fuelefficiency燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性mechanicalcoupling機(jī)械聯(lián)軸器；機(jī)械耦合；機(jī)械聯(lián)接planetarygear行星齒輪ClassificationofElectricVehiclesElectricvehiclesarebroadlycategorizedintofourgroupsbasedontheelectricdesignoftheirpowertrains,namelybatteryelectricvehicles(BEVs),plug-inhybridelectricvehicles(PHEVs),hybridelectricvehicles(HEVs),andfuel-cellelectricvehicles(FCEVs).·BatteryElectricVehicles(Fig.14-1).BEVs,alsoknownaspureelectricorfullelectricvehicles,arepoweredbyanelectricmotoranddonotemployaninternalcombustionengine.ThebatteryofaBEVischargedprimarilybythepowergridandpartiallyviaregenerativebraking.Eventhoughairpollutionoccursduringelectricitygeneration,BEVsdonothavetailpipeemissionsand,therefore,theyarealsocalledzero-emissionvehicles.Inordertofacilitatereasonabledrivingranges,theBEVstypicallyhavethelargestbatterypackscomparedtoothermodels.ElectricVehiclesFig.14-1AbatteryelectricvehicleElectricVehicles·Plug-inHybridElectricVehicles.PHEVsemploybothanelectricmotorandaninternalcombustionengine,whichcanusegasolineordiesel.Typically,PHEVbatteriesaresmallerthanthethoseofBEVs,becausetherequireddrivingrangeismostlysupportedbyinternalcombustionenginesandtheircombineddrivingrangeishigherthanthethatofBEVs.Asaresult,themainadvantageofPHEVsisemployingbothenginestypes,whichhelpstheconsumersovercomerangeanxiety.InPHEVs,theelectricmotorisusedmostlyinurbanenvironmentswheredrivinginvolvesfrequentstops.Ontheotherhand,aninternalcombustionengineisusedwhenthebatteryisdepleted,duringintensivecoolingorheating,orduringrapidacceleration.ElectricVehicles·HybridElectricVehicles(Fig.14-2).HEVsareprimarilypoweredbyinternalcombustionengines,whichuseconventionalfuelsourcessuchasgasanddiesel.Thesevehiclesarealsoequippedwithbatterypacks,whicharechargedbyregenerativebrakingsystemsandaremainlyusedtoenhancethefuelefficiencyofthevehicle.ThefirstgenerationofHEVswaspresentedtothemarketin1997,whenToyotaintroducedthePriusmodel,andtwoyearslaterHondaintroducedtheInsightmodel.ElectricVehiclesFig.14-2Ahybridelectricvehicle·Fuel-CellElectricVehicles(Fig.14-3).FCEVsusefuelcells,typicallyhydrogen,topowertheironboardelectricmotorsorchargetheirstorageunits.Fuelcellelectricvehicles(FCEV's)alsofallundertheallelectricvehicletypeshencehasalsosimilarpowertrainlikeBEVbutitsenergysourceisafuelcellstack.ThepropulsionsysteminFCEVsismoreefficientthanthoseintheconventionalICEVs(internalcombustionenginevehicles),andtheydonotemitanypollutants.FCEVscanbefueledwithin10minutesandtheycandriveupto300miles.Overthelastfewyears,anumberofcarmanufacturersandgovernmentagencieshavesupportedresearchanddevelopmentactivitiesthatacceleratefuel-celltechnology.UnlikeBEVsandPHEVs,theFCEVsdonotusepowergridtochargetheirbatteries.Also,theironboardbatteriesarefairlysmallinsizecomparedtothoseofBEVs,PHEVs,andHEVs.ThedisadvantagesofFCEVsincludedhavinglimitednetworksofhydrogenfuelingstations,andthetechnologybeingstillinitsinfancystages.ElectricVehiclesFig.14-3ChevroletSequelfuel-cellelectricvehicleElectricVehiclesClassificationofHybridDriveAccordingtothelayoutoftheprimemovers,hybriddrivesof

hybridelectricvehiclescanbedividedintoserialhybrid,parallelhybridandpower-splithybrid(alsocalledseries-parallelhybrid)driveasfollows.·Serialhybriddrive(Fig.14-4).Inthissystem,thereisnomechanicalcouplingbetweeninternalcombustionengineandwheels,amechanicalgearboxisnotmandatory,acombustionengine,inconjunctionwithagenerator,functionssolelyasaelectricityproducerandtwoelectricmachinesarenecessary.ElectricVehiclesFig.14-4SerialhybriddriveElectricVehicles·Parallelhybriddrive(Fig.14-5).Amechanicalgearboxisrequired.Bothdrivesareconnectedtothemechanicalgearbox,andonlyoneelectricmachineisnecessary.Fig.14-5ParallelhybriddriveElectricVehicles·Power-splithybriddrive(Fig.14-6).Thecombustionenginepoweroutputissplitintomechanicalandelectricpaths,andaplanetarygearset(summarisinggear)isrequiredforthesplittingandjoiningofthemechanicalandelectricpowerpaths.Atleasttwoelectricmachinesareneeded.Fig.14-6Power-splithybriddriveElectricVehiclesPHEVmodelscanalsobecategorizedbytheirlevelsofhybridization.·Mildhybrid.Amildhybrid,alsocalledamicro-hybrid,usuallyusesa42-voltelectricalmotorandbatterypackage(36-voltbatteries,42-voltcharging)andisnotcapableofusingtheelectricmotortopropelthevehicleonitsownwithouthelpfromtheinternalcombustionengine.Amildhybridsystemhastheadvantageofcostingless,andsaveslessfuelcomparedtoafullhybridvehicleand.Thefuelsavingsforamildtypeofhybriddesignisabout8%to15%.·Mediumhybrid.Amediumhybriduses144-to158-voltbatteries.Likeamildhybrid,atypicalmediumhybridisnotcapableofpropellingthevehiclefromastopusingbatterypoweralone.Thefuelsavingsareabout20%t