初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之時(shí)態(tài)及練習(xí)

be(“是/存在”)動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)變化：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)Iam….Youare.…He/She/Itis….We/You/Theyare(I/She/He/It)willbe….Iam He/She/ItisgoingtobeWe/You/TheyareIwas….Youwere.…He/She/Itwas….We/You/TheywereIwas….Youwere.…He/She/Itwas….We/You/Theywere注意：句型變化時(shí),否定句在am/is/are/will/was/were/后面加not,而且not都可以縮寫(xiě)為n’t(am后面not不可以縮寫(xiě))；疑問(wèn)句將am/is/are/will/was/were提前到句首。其它HYPERLINK謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))的時(shí)態(tài)變化一覽表：時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞用原形(單三加s/es)(問(wèn)句和否定句借用助詞do/does)amis+動(dòng)詞-ingarewill+動(dòng)詞原形amis+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形are動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式(問(wèn)句和否定句借用助詞did)時(shí)態(tài)的具體用法：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),或說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征。①一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)句子中常有的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：often,usually,sometimes,always,every(day等),once/twice,a(week等),on(Sunday等),never,inthe(morning等)。如：TheygotothePalaceMuseumonceayear.(他們每年去一次故宮)/Theyoftendiscussbusinessintheevening.(他們經(jīng)常在晚上商談生意)②表示客觀真理、事實(shí)、人的技能或現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)時(shí)句子里一般不用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如：Theearthturnsroundthesun.(地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn))/Lighttravelsfasterthansound.(光傳播比聲音快)③表示十分確定會(huì)發(fā)生(如安排好的事情)或按照時(shí)間表進(jìn)行的事情,用一般現(xiàn)在可以表達(dá)將來(lái),句子中可以有將來(lái)時(shí)間。如：ThetrainforHaikouleavesat8：00inthemorning.(開(kāi)往漢口的列車(chē)上午8點(diǎn)開(kāi)車(chē))④在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中(以when,after,before,while,until,assoonas等引導(dǎo))和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中(以if,unless引導(dǎo)),用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí),句子可以有將來(lái)時(shí)間。如：PleaseringmeupassoonasyouarriveinGermany.(你一到德國(guó)就給我打電話)/Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillhavetostayathome.(如果明天下雨我們就只好呆在家)⑤一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用于倒裝句中可以表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,動(dòng)詞以come,go為主。如：Herecomesthebus.(車(chē)來(lái)了)/Theregoesthebell.(鈴響了)。⑥一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常用于體育比賽的解說(shuō)或寓言故事中。Nowthemidfieldplayercatchestheballandhekeepsit.⑦人的心理活動(dòng)和感官動(dòng)作一般用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)而不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表達(dá),常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：like,love,hate,dislike,want,wish,hope,think(認(rèn)為),understand,remember,forget,mean,need,hear,feel,see.如：Ithinkitisgoingtosnow.(我想天要下雪了)/Ireallyhopeyoucanenjoyyourstayhere.(我真的希望你愉快地呆在這兒)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),這種動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)可能是一次性,也可能經(jīng)常發(fā)生。①表示過(guò)去具體時(shí)刻發(fā)生的一次性動(dòng)作時(shí),時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：at(eight)(yesterdaymorning),(tenminutes)ago,when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。如：Igotupat6：00thismorning.(我是早上六點(diǎn)鐘起床的)/LittleTombrokethewindowathalfpastninethismorning.(小湯姆今天早上九點(diǎn)半把窗子打破了)/Whenhewentintotheroom,hesawastrangertalkingwithhisfather.(他走進(jìn)房間時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)陌生人正和他父親談話)②表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)不知何時(shí)發(fā)生的一次性動(dòng)作時(shí),時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：yesterday,last(year等),in(1998等)。如：Hecametoourcityintheyear2000.(他2000年來(lái)到我們市)③表示過(guò)去一個(gè)階段中經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情時(shí),時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：last…,in…,from…to…,for(10years),often,usually,sometimes,always,never等。如：MrJacksonusuallywenttoeveningschoolswhenhewasyoung./Everydayhewenttotherichmanandborrowedbooksfromhim.④講故事、對(duì)過(guò)去經(jīng)歷的回憶、雙方都明白的過(guò)去事件等一般用過(guò)去時(shí),而且經(jīng)常省略時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如：IhappenedtomeetRoseinthestreet.(我正好在街上遇到露西)一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。①一般將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：tomorrow,this(afternoon),next(year),oneday,now,soon,someday,sometime,inthefuture,when引導(dǎo)的從句等。②用will構(gòu)成的將來(lái)時(shí),表示動(dòng)作與人的主觀愿望無(wú)關(guān)。“shall”用于第一人稱(chēng),“will”用于所有人稱(chēng)。如：Iwillgraduatefromthisschoolsoon.(我很快就要從這所中學(xué)畢業(yè)了)/YouwillstayaloneafterIleave.(我走了之后你就要一個(gè)人過(guò)了)③“am/is/aregoingto+動(dòng)詞原形”表示打算或準(zhǔn)備要做的事情,或者主觀判斷即將要發(fā)生的事情,而“am/is/areto+動(dòng)詞原形”表示安排或計(jì)劃中的動(dòng)作。如：Amantoldthemthatthewomanwastogivebirthtothespecialbaby.(有一個(gè)人告訴他們那個(gè)婦女就會(huì)生下那個(gè)特別的男孩)/It’sgoingtorainsoon.(天快要下雨了)④表示一個(gè)人臨時(shí)決定要做某事,可以用will表達(dá)。如：Iwillgotothelabtogetsomechemicals(化學(xué)藥劑).SopleasewaituntilIreturn.(我要到化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室去取些藥品,請(qǐng)等我回頭)⑤現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)也可以表示將來(lái)。(見(jiàn)相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài))⑥shall和will在口語(yǔ)的一些疑問(wèn)句中相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。Shall一般與第一人稱(chēng)連用,will與第二人稱(chēng)連用。如：ShallwegotothezoonextSaturday?(我們下周六去動(dòng)物園好嗎？)/Willyoupleaseopenthedoorforme?(替我把門(mén)打開(kāi)好嗎？)⑦“beto+動(dòng)詞原形”表示按照計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生的事情。如：Anangelcametotellherthatshewastohavethisspecialboy.(4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或是現(xiàn)階段正發(fā)生而此刻不一定在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。①現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞be(amisare)+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。②現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：now,this…,these…等,但經(jīng)常不用。如：Whatareyoudoingupinthetree?(你在樹(shù)上干什么？)/Iamwritingalongnovelthesedays.(我最近在寫(xiě)一本長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō))③表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有：come,go,stay,leave,spend,do等。如：I’mcomingnow.(我就來(lái))/Whatareyoudoingtomorrow?(你明天干什么？)/Heisleavingsoon.(他就要走了)④表示頻繁發(fā)生或反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,常與always等頻度副詞連用,以表示贊揚(yáng)、不滿或討厭等感情色彩。如：Heisalwaysborrowingmoneyfrommeandforgettingallaboutitsometimelater.(他老是向我借錢(qián),過(guò)一些時(shí)候就忘得一干二凈)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（）1.我在照看孩子.(A)Iamlookingafterthebaby.(B)I'mlookafteringthebaby.(C)Ilookamafteringthebaby.(D)Ilookingafterthebaby.()2._____friend'smaking______akite.(A)I,me(B)My,my(C)My,me(D)His,his()3.Isthewoman______yellowyourteacher?(A)in(B)puttingon(C)wearing(D)having()4.Look!Thetwins_____theirmotherdothehousework.(A)arewanting(B)help(C)arehelping(D)arelooking()5._____arethebirdsdoing?Theyaresinginginatree.(A)Who(B)What(C)How(D)Where

()6.Isshe____something?(A)eat(B)eating(C)eatting(D)eats()7.你在干什么?(A)Whatisyoudoing?(B)Whatareyoudo?(C)Whatareyoudoing?(D)Whatdoyoudo?()8.Whatareyoulistening_____?(A)/(B)for(C)at(D)to()9.我正在聽(tīng)他說(shuō)話.(A)Ilisteningtohim.(B)I'mlisteningtohim.(C)I'mlistentohim.(D)I'mlisteninghim.()10.Theyare_____theirclothes.(A)makeing(B)putting(C)putaway(D)puttingon()11.Listen!She____intheclassroom.(A)issinging(B)sing(C)tosing(D)issing()12.TodayJim______hiswhiteshirtandbrowntrousers.(A)isputtingon(B)wear(C)puton(D)iswearing()13.______areyoueating?I'meating______meat.(A)What,some(B)Which,any(C)Where,not(D)What,a()14.They______TVintheevening.Theydotheirhomework.(A)arewatching(B)can'twatching(C)don'twatch(D)don'twatching()15.Thechildren_____football.(A)isplaying(B)areplaying(C)playthe(D)playa()16.Theyareflyingkites.(A)他們喜歡放風(fēng)箏.(B)他們?cè)诜棚L(fēng)箏嗎?(C)他們?cè)诜棚L(fēng)箏.(D)他們常放風(fēng)箏.()17.Look,Theyareswimmingintheriver.Iwant_____you.(A)togowith(B)gowith(C)helping(D)help()18.Look.Lucyis_____anewbiketoday.(A)jumping(B)running(C)riding(D)takeing一般將來(lái)時(shí)()1.There__________ameetingtomorrowafternoon.A.willbegoingtoB.willgoingtobeC.isgoingtobeD.willgotobe()2.Charlie________herenextmonth.A.isn’tworkingB.doesn’tworkingC.isn’tgoingtoworkingD.won’twork()3.He________verybusythisweek,he________freenextweek.A.willbe;isB.is;isC.willbe;willbeD.is;willbe()4.There________adolphinshowinthezootomorrowevening.A.wasB.isgoingtohaveC.willhaveD.isgoingtobe()5.–________you________freetomorrow?–No.I________freethedayaftertomorrow.A.Are;goingto;willB.Are;goingtobe;willC.Are;goingto;willbeD.Are;goingtobe;willbe()6.Mother________meanicepresentonmynextbirthday.A.willgivesB.willgiveC.givesD.give()7.–ShallIbuyacupofteaforyou?–________.（不，不要。）A.No,youwon’t.B.No,youaren’t.C.No,pleasedon’t.D.No,please.()8.–Whereisthemorningpaper?–I________itforyouatonce.A.getB.amgettingC.togetD.willget()9.________aconcertnextSaturday?A.TherewillbeB.WilltherebeC.TherecanbeD.Thereare()10.Iftheycome,we________ameeting.A.haveB.willhaveC.hadD.wouldhave()11.He________herabeautifulhatonhernextbirthday.A.givesB.gaveC.willgivingD.isgoingtogive()12.He________tousassoonashegetsthere.A.writesB.haswrittenC.willwriteD.wrote()13.He________inthreedays.A.comingbackB.camebackC.willcomebackD.isgoingtocomingback()14.Ifit________tomorrow,we’llgoroller-skating.A.isn’trainB.won’trainC.doesn’trainD.doesn’tfine()15.–WillhisparentsgotoseetheTerraCottaWarriorstomorrow?–No,________（不去）.A.theywilln’t.B.theywon’t.C.theyaren’t.D.theydon’t.()16.Who________we________swimmingwithtomorrowafternoon?A.will;goB.do;goC.will;goingD.shall;go()17.We________theworkthiswaynexttime.A.doB.willdoC.goingtodoD.willdoing()18.Tomorrowhe________akiteintheopenairfirst,andthen________boatinginthepark.A.willfly;willgoB.willfly;goesC.isgoingtofly;willgoesD.flies;willgo()19.Thedayaftertomorrowthey________avolleyballmatch.A.willwatchB.watchesC.iswatchingD.isgoingtowatch()20.There________abirthdaypartythisSunday.A.shallbeB.willbeC.shallgoingtobeD.willgoingtobe一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一、選擇題練習(xí)1.Who_____overtherenow?A.singingB.aresingC.issingingD.sing2.It’seighto’clock.Thestudents_____anEnglishclass.A.haveB.havingC.ishavingD.arehaving3.Listen!Thebaby_____inthenextroom.A.cryingB.criedC.iscryingD.cries4.Look!Thetwins_____newsweaters.A.arewearingB.wearingC.arewearD.iswearing5.Don’ttalkhere.Grandparents_____.A.issleepingB.aresleepingC.sleepingD.sleep6.Tomisaworker.He_____inafactory.Hissisters_____inahospital.A.work/workB.works/workC.work/works7.Who_____Englishbestinyourclass?A.speakB.speaksC.speaking8.MrsRead_____thewindowseveryday.A.iscleaningB.cleanC.cleans9.We_____musicandoften_____tomusic.A.like/listenB.likes/listensC.like/arelistening10.She_____upatsixinthemorning.A.getB.getsC.getting11.OnSundayhesometimes_____hisclothesandsometimes_____someshopping.A.wash/doB.iswashing/isdoingC.washes/does12.Thetwinsusually_____milkandbreadforbreakfast,butJim_____somecoffeeforit.A.have/haveB.have/hasC.has/have

14.It’snineten.Thestudents______amusicclass.

A.haveB.havingC.arehaving

15.Istheman_______teaormilk?A.drink