第三章冠詞(思維導(dǎo)圖+知識(shí)梳理+好題精煉)2022-2023初中英語中考語法歸納

第三章冠詞思維導(dǎo)圖知識(shí)梳理一、冠詞的分類冠詞是加在名詞前面的一種輔助詞,幫助說明這個(gè)名詞的含義,在句子中不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)句子成分,是一種虛詞.冠詞分為定冠詞the和不定冠詞a,an兩種.其不用冠詞的情況也稱零冠詞.(一)不定冠詞不定冠詞有a和an兩種形式.a用在以輔音開頭的詞前,an用在以元音開頭的詞前.判斷一個(gè)詞是以元音開頭還是以輔音開頭,是根據(jù)讀音而不是根據(jù)字母.a一般讀/?/,an一般讀/?n/;在特別重讀時(shí),分別讀/ei/和/?n/.abook/buk/一本書anapple/?pl/一個(gè)蘋果ahouse/ha?s/一座房子anhour/a??(r)/一小時(shí)auniversity/ju:nrv??s?ti/一所大學(xué)anisland/ail?nd/一座島(二)定冠詞定冠詞只有the一種形式.它在輔音(這里指讀音而不是指字母)前讀/e?/,在元音前讀/ei/,在特別強(qiáng)調(diào)或單讀時(shí)讀/ei:/.the/e?/book這本書the/ei/author這個(gè)作者the/e?/writer這個(gè)作家the/ei/age那個(gè)時(shí)代the/e?/police這個(gè)警察the/ei/end結(jié)束(三)零冠詞名詞前不加冠詞:bytrain乘火車二、冠詞的用法(一)不定冠詞的用法1.用于可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式前,指人或事物的某一類.這是不定冠詞的基本用法Givemeabook.給我一本書.Theyarewaitingforabus.他們?cè)诘裙财?2.在月份、星期及evening,night,morning,afternoon等名詞前有修飾定語時(shí),一律用aAcoldMarchisusuallyintheNortheast.東北的三月往往是冷的.Onawindymorninghecameback.在一個(gè)多風(fēng)的早上他回來了.3.用在作同位語、表語的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前,泛指身份、職業(yè)Myfather,ateacherofEnglish,worksveryhard.我爸爸是英語教師,工作很努力.4.表示“同一”的意思Theywerenearlyofanage.他們幾乎同歲.Thetwoshirtsaremuchofasize.兩件襯衫大小差不多.5.指某人或某物,但不具體說明是何人或何物Areporterwantstoseeyou.有位記者要見你.Lendmeastory-book,willyou?借本故事書給我看,好嗎?6.在表示價(jià)格、速度、比率等的名詞前表示“每一”fourtimesaday每天四次sixtymilesanhour每小時(shí)60英里7.用在“sucha...”,“quitea...”,“manya...”,“rathera...”,“so＋形容詞＋a+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)中Sheissuchabeauty.她就是這么一個(gè)美人.Hislazysonisquiteabothertohim.他的懶兒子很令他傷腦筋.8.第一次提到或出現(xiàn)“某一個(gè)”,但并不特別指明具體情況Oneday,anoldwomanwentintoashopwithhergrandson.一天,一位老婦帶著孫子進(jìn)了一家商店.Shewaspuzzledbyaposter.她被一張海報(bào)搞糊涂了.9.用于序數(shù)詞前,表示“又一,再一”Wouldyoulikeasecondchance?你想再要一次機(jī)會(huì)嗎?10.表示“類別”,表示一類人或事物Ahorseisausefulanimal.馬是一種有用的動(dòng)物.Adoctorisapersonwhosavespeople'slife.醫(yī)生就是拯救人們生命的人.(二)定冠詞的用法1.特指某個(gè)/些人或事物,或指談話雙方都知道的人或事物Shutthedoor,please.請(qǐng)關(guān)上門.Givemethepencil.把那支鉛筆給我.2.用在主要由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前thePeople'sDaily《人民日?qǐng)?bào)》thePeople'sRepublicofChina中華人民共和國(guó)3.用在表示階級(jí)、黨派的名詞前theworkingclass工人階級(jí)theChineseCommunistParty中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨4.對(duì)前面已提到過的人或事物,第二次提到時(shí)加定冠詞,用以表示特指Ifoundapictureinthebox.Thepicturewasverybeautiful.在箱子里發(fā)現(xiàn)一張畫.這張畫非常漂亮.Oncetherelivedalioninaforest.Everydaythelionwentabouttolookforfood.從前在一片森林里有一只獅子,它每天到處尋找食物.5.在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脈、群島、海峽、海灣等地理名詞前加定冠詞thePacific(Ocean)太平洋theRedSea紅海theThames泰晤士河6.用在序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)前Januaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.元月是一年中的第一個(gè)月.7.用在某些形容詞前,表示“一類人”theold老年人theyoung青年人thepoor窮人therich富人8.用在表示宇宙間獨(dú)一無二的事物的名詞前thesun太陽themoon月亮theearth地球thesky天空.9.用在單數(shù)名詞之前表示一類人或事物Theelephantisananimal.大象是動(dòng)物.Theorangeisakindoffruit.橘子是一種水果.10.用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前,表示一家人或一個(gè)家族TheWangshavemoved.王家已經(jīng)搬家了.TheBakerscametoseeusyesterday.昨天貝克一家來看我們.11.用在表示方向、方位的名詞前intheeast在東面inthesouth在南面inthewest在西面12.“the+形容詞比較級(jí)．．．,＋the+形容詞比較級(jí)”表示“越······越····..”Thesooneryougo,thesooneryouwillbeback.走得越早你就回得越早.13.用在樂器名詞前playtheviolin拉小提琴playtheflute吹笛14.當(dāng)名詞被短語或從句修飾時(shí),名詞前要加定冠詞Thebookonthedeskismine.桌子上的那本書是我的.ThisisthepresentIreceivedyesterday.這是我昨天收到的禮物.15.用在一些固定詞組中intheend結(jié)果inthemorning在早晨bytheway順便問一下onthewhole大體上(三)不用冠詞的場(chǎng)合1.在大多數(shù)專有名詞前BeijingisthecapitalofChina.北京是中國(guó)的首都.HisnameisJackGreen.他的名字叫杰克·格林.2.復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指意義而不是特指意義時(shí)Theyareteachers,notstudents.他們是老師,不是學(xué)生.Peopleinthesouthlikerice.南方人喜歡吃米飯.3.泛指的復(fù)數(shù)詞表示“一類人或事物”時(shí),不用冠詞Computersarebeingusedinmanyways.計(jì)算機(jī)正在很多方面被應(yīng)用.Desksandchairsareusuallymadeofwood.桌椅通常是木制的.4.物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞前Failureisthemotherofsuccss.失敗是成功之母.Desksandchairsareusuallymadeofwood.桌椅通常是木制的.5.在稱呼語或表示官銜職位的名詞前,不用冠詞Goodmorning,mum!媽媽,早上好！Doctor,Iamnotfeelingwell.醫(yī)生,我感覺不好.6.在表示泛指的三餐飯和茶點(diǎn)等的名稱前Haveyouhadbreakfast?你吃過早飯了嗎?Whatdidyouhaveforsupper?你晚飯吃什么了?7.表示學(xué)科、疾病、球類、游戲、顏色和感官名稱的名詞前Whiteisabeautifulcolour.白色是美麗的顏色.Smellisoneofthefivesenses.嗅覺是5種感官之一.8.在某些習(xí)慣用語中的名詞前,不用冠詞gotoschool去上學(xué)gotobed去睡覺beinhospital住院beinprison坐牢beattable在吃飯atnoon(night)在中午(夜晚)atfirst首先atlast最后9.在節(jié)日、假日等名稱前NewYear'sDay元旦NationalDay國(guó)慶節(jié)MayDay五一勞動(dòng)節(jié)Children'sDay兒童節(jié)10.與by連用的表示交通工具的名詞前bybike騎自行車bybus公共汽車bytube乘地鐵bycoach乘長(zhǎng)途公共汽車11.名詞前已有指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞或限定詞時(shí),不用冠詞Mypenismuchmoreexpensivethanyours.我的鋼筆比你的貴多了.Iwanttoreadsomebooksabouthistory.我想讀一些關(guān)于歷史的書.(四)用冠詞與不用冠詞差異在某些習(xí)慣用語中,用還是不用冠詞,意義不同,有時(shí)甚至差別很大,使用時(shí)要特別注意.inhospital住院inthehospital在醫(yī)院里gotosea出海gotothesea去海邊onearth究竟ontheearth地球上,在世上infrontof在······(外部的)前面inthefrontof在······(內(nèi)部的)前面takeplace發(fā)生taketheplaceof代替attable進(jìn)餐atthetable在桌子旁bysea乘船bythesea在海邊infuture從今以后,將來inthefuture未來gotoschool(church...)上學(xué)(做禮拜·····)gototheschool(church...)到學(xué)校(教堂)去twoofus我們當(dāng)中的兩人thetwoofus我們兩人(共計(jì)兩人)好題精練一、在需要的空白處填上適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~a,an,the或“/”1.________card2.________university3.________honeststudent4.________table5.________European6.________interestingfilm7.________secondfloor8.________tallestgirl9.________Japan10.________Paris11.play________violin12.play________football13.goto________bed答案：1.a2.a3.an4.a5.a6.an7.the8.the9./10./11.the12./13./二、在必要的地方填上適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~1.Thereis________houseat________footof________hill.2.Taiwanis________island,itis________largestislandinChina.3.Hewantssomefoodand________bowlofsoup.4.________cloudsover________seawerelovelyyesterday.5.Hereis________usefulbooktoread.答案：1.a,the,the2.an,the3.a4.The,the5.a三、選擇填空1.Theyhave________Englishtestonce________week.A.an;anB.an;aC.a;aD./;/2.Hetakes________activepartinourschoolactivities.A.aB.theC.anD./3.Is________Russia________Asianor________Europeancountry?A./;an;aB.the;an;aC./;an;anD./;the;the4.Haveyoueverseen________astallasthisone?A.atreeB.suchtreeC.antreeD.tree5.Tomlikesplaying________violin.Franklikesplaying________bridge.A.the;/B./;theC./;/D.the;the6.Hisfatheris________olddoctor.Heoftentellshimnottosmokein________public.A.a;/B.an;/C.an;theD./;the7.________singerand________danceristoattendthegathering.A.The;theB.The;/C.The;aD.A;a8.What________fineweatherwearehavingthesedays!A.aB.anC.theD./9.Ihave________today.A.aheadacheB.headachesC.theheadacheD.headache10.Weallknowthat________elephantis________kindof________animal.A.an;/;anB.the;a;/C.a;/;/D.a;a;/11.Ourteacherisgivingusalessonin________composition.A.aB.theC.anD./12.Youleft________“s”in________spellingoftheword“address”.A.the;theB.a;theC.an;/D.an;the13.HeleftforQingdaoby________.A.ashipB.theshipC.shipD.anship14.Heisfondofplaying________pianowhileAliceisinterestedinlisteningto________music.A.the;/B./;theC.the;theD./;/15.Have________secondcupoftea,please.A.theB.aC./D.an答案：1-5BCAAA6-10BBDAB11-15DDCAB四、找出下列句子中冠詞使用的錯(cuò)誤并加以改正1.HewenttotheAmericatwoyearsago.____________________________________________________________________________________________2.Ilovethemusicandart.____________________________________________________________________________________________3.Thosearegirlswholivenextdoor._____________________________________