重要的短語資料

重要的短語、句型和慣用法（二）

1.Therebe結構

a.這是英語中常見的一種結構，表示“某地有某物”其含義為“存在有”。

eg.Therearetwentygirlsinourclass.have也解釋為“有”但是與therebe有區(qū)別，它的含義是“所有，屬有”，其主語為某人。eg.Ihaveanicewatch.

b.Therebe結構中的be動詞要和后面所跟名詞保持一致。

c.Thereisarivernearourschool.否：Thereisnotarivernearourschool.

問：Istherearivernearourschool.回答：Yes,thereis.No,thereisn't.

劃⑴Howmanyriversaretherenearourschool?

⑵What'snearourschool?

d.therebe結構的一般將來時，同學們較難掌握，其正確形式為：thereisgoingtobe

e.反意疑問句的構成：Thereisnowaterintheglass,isthere?

①Thereisgoingto_____afootballmatchthisafternoon.

A.have

B.watch

C.be

D.play

②Theyweresurethattheyweregoingto____arest.

A.be

B.have

C.beon

D.on

2.so,neither引導的倒裝句,為了避免和前一句話的內容重復，英語中習慣用so,neither引導的倒裝句。

a.So+be(助動詞，情態(tài)動詞)+主語。表示某人也是如此。

eg.Mikehasboughtsomeforeignstamps.

SohasBob.=Bobhasboughtsome,too.

b.Neither+be(助動詞，情態(tài)動詞)＋主語，表示某人也不。

eg.MotherhasneverbeentoJapan.

NeitherhasFather.=FatherhasneverbeentoJapan,either.

c.So＋主語＋be(助動詞，情態(tài)動詞)。表示果真如此(贊同),請同學們與a.區(qū)別。

eg.A:Mikeisrightintheclassroom.

B:Soheis.=Heisreallyintheclassroom.

3.It's+時間+since動詞過去式。自從...起已有...時間了。

⑴It'stwoweekssincewemetlast.(自從我們上次見面已有兩個星期了)

⑵HowlongisitsinceweleftBeijing?(自從我們離開北京已有多久了

4.祈使句+and(那么)...eg.Gostraightonandyou'llseeaschool.=Ifyougostraighton,you'llseeaschool.

5.祈使句+or...否則...eg.Workhard,oryouwillfallbehindtheotherstudents.

=Ifyoudon'tworkhard,you'llfallbehindtheother

6.The+比較級...，the+比較級...越...越...

eg.⑴Themore,thebetter.越多越好。

⑵Theharderyouworkonit,thebetteryou'llbeatit.(你越用功，你就越好。)

7.Howdoyoulikethefilm?

=Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?(你認為這部電影怎樣？)

8.What...dowith...?怎樣對付...?怎樣處理...?

雖然中文為怎樣，我們絕不可照字面翻譯為how.

eg.A:Whathaveyoudonewiththelibrarybook?

B:I'vejustreturnedittothelibrary.

9.Idon'tknowwhattodo.我不知道該怎么辦？

Idon'tknowhowtodo.×

10.What...belike?...是什么樣的？

eg.⑴What'stheweatherlike?天氣如何？⑵What'syourschoollike?你們學校是什么樣的？

11.What...for?為何目的？為什么？eg.Whatdoyouwantasciencelabfor?=Whydoyouwantasciencelab?

12.oneof+最高級＋復數最...之一eg.MissZhaoisoneofthemostpopularteachers.

13.findit+形容詞+todoeg.IfinditusefultolearnEnglishwell.(我發(fā)覺學好英語是很有用的)

find+賓語+名詞eg.Ifindhimagoodboy.(我發(fā)現他是個好男孩.)

find+賓語+形容詞

eg.Ifindthedooropen/closed.(我發(fā)現門開/關著)

Ifindourbagsfilledwith/fullofpresents.(我發(fā)現我們的包裝滿了禮物)

14.Idon'tthink+肯定句我想...不

eg.Idon'tthinkI'lltakeit.(我想我不買它了)

請注意:中文意思否定在從句中,但是英語的表達否定在主句中。

15.preferAtoB=likeAbetterthanB更喜歡A不怎么喜歡B.

eg.Ipreferfishtochicken.=Ilikefishbetterthanchicken

16.hadbetterdosth.最好干某事.否定:hadbetternotdosth.

特別注意:hadbetter后面跟be動詞詞組,不可漏掉be.eg.You'dbettercatchatrain.

You'dbetternottalkinclass.You'dbetternotbelatefortheclass.

17.Itisgood(nice)of+賓格+todosth.

eg.ItisverygoodofyoutoteachmeEnglish.(你教我英語真是太好了)

18.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.(干某事化費某人多少時間)

=sb.spendsometimeonsth.(in)doingsth.eg.Ittookmehalfanhourtodothework.

=Ispenthalfanhourindoingthework.

19.sb.pay錢for物某物化費了某人多少錢=sb.spend錢on物

=物costsb.錢,pay的過去式為paid而不是payed.

eg.Ipaidthirtyyuanforthecoat.

=Ispentthirtyyuanonthecoat.

=Thecoatcostmethirtyyuan.20.havebeento某人曾去過某地,現在人不在那兒

sb.havebeenin+地點某人呆在某地(一段時間)

havegoneto某人已去某地,人不在這兒

21.⑴too…形容詞(副詞)+to…"太…而不能""太…以致于不"

eg.①Thebasketistooheavyformetocarry.這籃子太重我拿不動。

②ThiscolourTVistooexpensiveforustobuy.這臺彩電對我們來說太貴了，買不起。

⑵so...that如此...以致于...上面的too...to結構的句子，可以換成so...that引導的句子轉換。①ThebasketissoheavythatIcan'tcarryit.

②ThiscolourTVissoexpensivethatwecan'taffordit.

22.What'sthepopulationof...?...人口有多少？

不說Howmuchpopulationin...?形容人口數量的大用large

eg.ThepopulationofChinaistentimesaslargeasthatoftheUSA

23.I'vecometoreturnyourpan.(我跑來是還你鍋的)

→Whyhaveyoucome?而不用What

24.not...until(連詞)方才，才

eg.Hesaysthathewon'tbefreeuntiltomorrow.他說他需到明天方才有空。

肯定句＋until到

eg.You'dbetterwaituntiltomorrow.(你最好等到明天)

25.neither...nor...既不...也不...

either...or...或者...或者...

eg.NeitherTomnorhisbrothersknowhowtospelltheword"hundred".

Eitheryouorsheisright.(謂語動詞就近原則)

both...and...兩者都...eg.BothJimandIareinGradeOne(主語看作復數)

練習題：

1.-WhereisMary?-Oh,she_____thelibrory.

A.hasgoneto

B.wentto

C.hasbeento

D.hadgoneto

2.Heknewlittleaboutthefilm____hesawityesterdayevening.

A.if

B.since

C.until

D.because

3.I____changehismind.Don'tworry,He'llsurelycometogetit.

A.thinkhewon't

B.thinkhewill

C.don'tthinkhewon't

D.don'tthinkhewill

4.-_____doyou_____theTVplay?

-Notbad,Ithink.

A.How;thinkofB.What;likeC.How;likeD.What;think

5.I_____haveagoodtime_____theparty.

A.hopeyouwill;at

B.likeyou;on

C.hopeyouto;in

D.wantyouthat;from

完成句子：

1.中國有多少人口，中國的人口大約是世界人口的四分之一。

_____thepopulationofChina?

It'sabout___________oftheworld'spopulation.

2.門鈴一直響著，直到門被林濤打開才停。

Thedoorbell___________untilthedoorwasopenedbyLinTao.

3.午飯后他休息了一會兒，我也休息了一會兒。

Hehadashortrestafterlunch,and____________I.

4.史密斯夫婦離開他們的家鄉(xiāng)已有十多年時間了。

______morethantenyears____MrandMrsSmithlefttheirhometown.

5.公共汽車里擠得幾乎連站的地方都沒有.

Thebuswas_____crowdedthattherewashardly______standingroominit.

思考題：

1、做飯花了她半個小時。It_______halfanhour______somecooking.

=I______halfanhour_______somecooking.

2、你真好，經常在數學上幫助我。

It’sreallynice_____youto____me_____my______.

3、Lily跑得不快，贏不了比賽。

Lily______runquickly________________therace.=Lily__________________therace.

4、在美術課上做一張教師節(jié)卡片怎樣？

______________aTeachers’Daycard____theartlesson?

5、足球是我校最受歡迎的運動項目之一。

Footballis____________________gamesinourschool.

Have的兩種特殊句型

have是英語中最活躍的動詞之一，它與不同的詞搭配表示不同的意思。如：haveameeting（開會），havearest（休息），haveaclass（上課）等。你可知道have構成的兩種特殊句型嗎？不看不知道，一看就明了。

1．have＋賓語＋省略to的動詞不定式

該句型中作主語的“人或物”讓作賓語的“人或物”去做某事。此時的賓語與省略to的不定式（賓語補足語）之間有邏輯上的主謂關系。如：Iwouldhaveyoubuyanewbike．

我想讓你買輛新自行車。Wecan＇thavethecarstop．

我們無法讓汽車停下來。

2．have＋賓語＋過去分詞

該句型中作主語的“人或物”讓作賓語的“人或物”被……。此時的賓語與過去分詞（賓語補足語）之間有邏輯上的動賓關系。如：

I＇llhavemyhaircuttomorrow．

我明天要理發(fā)。Theyhavejusthadtheircarrepaired．他們剛找人把車修理了一下。

注意：大多數情況下，這兩種句型之間可以互換。如：

1）Hehadmewashthetablecloth．→Hehadthetableclothwashed．

2)Themanhadthebikemended．→Themanhadsomeonemendthebike．

練習：根據漢語意思，完成英語句子，每空一詞。

1．你應該找人建一座房子。

Youshouldhavesomeone＿＿＿＿＿ahouse．

Youshouldhaveahouse＿＿＿＿＿．

2．現在我們請下一位演講者到前面來。Nowwe＇llhavethenextspeaker＿＿＿＿＿tothefront．

3．你必須讓人把這些書送到教室去。

Youmusthavethesebooks＿＿＿＿＿totheclassroom

情景交際英語（一）

1.問候：

⑴A:Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.

Hello/Hi.

Howdoyoudo?

Nicetomeetyou.

B:回答相同

⑵A:Howareyou?

B:Fine,thankyou.Andyou?

Verywell,thankyou.

2.介紹：⑴ThisisMr/Mrs/Miss...⑵I'dlikeyoutomeetmyparents.⑶Mynameis....I'mastudent.

3.告別A:Goodbye.Seeyoulater/tomorrow.Goodnight.

B:回答相同4.感謝和應答

表示感謝通常回答

Thankyouverymuch.Notatall.Thanksalot.That'sOK.

Manythanks.That'sallright.

Thanksforhelpingme.You'rewelcome.

5.祝愿、祝賀和應答

⑴A:Goodluck!

Bestwishestoyou.Haveanice/goodtime/journey.

Congratulations!

B:Thankyou.

⑵A:HappyNewYear!MerryChristmas!B:Thesametoyou.

⑶A:Happybirthdaytoyou.B:Thankyou.

6.道歉和應答

A:I'msorry.I'msorrytotroubleyou.

B:Itdoesn'tmatter.

It'snotimportant.

That'snothing.

7.遺憾和同情

Whatapity!I'msorrytohearthat.

8.邀請和應答

A:Wouldyouliketo…?

B:Yes,I'dloveto.

9.提供幫助和應答

A:CanIhelpyou?=WhatcanIdoforyou?Here,takethis/mybike.

Letmedoitforyou.B:Thanksforyourhelp.Yes,please.

No,thanks.

That'sverykindofyou.

10.請求允許⑴A:MayI...?CanI/CouldI...?

B:Yes/Certainly/Ofcourse.

Yes,doplease.

OK/Allright.

⑵A:DoyoumindifIopenthewindow?

B:No,notatall.或Nevermind.

11.表示同意和不同意

(1):Certainly/Sure/Ofcourse.Yes,please.Yes,Ithinkso.Allright/OK.

That'sagoodidea.

Iagreewithyou.

(2):No,Idon'tthinkso.

I'mafraidnot.

Ireallycan'tagreewithyou.

12.表示肯定和不肯定

1:I'msure.I'msurethat...

2:I'mnotsure.I'mnotsurewhether/if...Maybe.

13.喜歡和厭惡

1:Ilike/love...(verymuch)Ilike/loveto...

2:Idon'tliketo...Ihateto...

14.問時間、日期的應答

A:Whatdayisit?

B:It'sMonday.A:What'sthedate?B:It'sJan.10th.

A:What'sthetime,please?B:It'sfiveo'clock/halfpastfive...It'stimeto...

15.請求(1):Can/couldyou...forme?

Will/wouldyoupleasedosth.?

MayIhave...?

(2):Pleasegive/passme...

Pleasewait(here/amoment).

Pleasewaitforyourturn.

Pleasestandinline.

(3):Nosmoking,please.Nonoise,please.

16.勸告和建議

1:You'dbetter...

Youshould...

Youneedto...

2:Shallwedosth.?

Let'sdosth..

What/Howaboutdoingsth.?

回答:OK.Goodidea.

17.禁止和警告

1:Youmustn'tplayontheroad.

Ifyou...you'll...

2:Takecare.=Becareful.

18.表示感情

A:喜悅Great!That'snice.

I'mglad/pleased/happyto...B:焦慮What'swrong?

What'sthematterwithyou?I'm/He's/She'sworried.

Oh,whatshallIdo?

C:驚奇Really?Oh,dear!Isthatso?

19.約會

A:Areyoufreethisafternoon?What/Howabouttomorrowmorning?

Shallwemeetat4:30attheschoolgate?

B:Yes,that'sallright.Yes,I'llbefreethen.

Allright.Seeyouthen.

20.語言困難

Pardon?Pleasesaythatmoreslowlyagain.

Whatdoyoumeanby...?I'msorryIknowonlyalittleEnglish.

21.表示稱贊：

A:Oh,hownice!Yourdressisbeautiful.B:It'sniceofyoutosayso.或Thankyou.

22.常見的標志和說明

BUSINESSHOURS

NOPHOTOS

OFFICEHOURS

THISSIDEUP

OPEN

CLOSED

PULL

PUSH

EXIT

ENTRANCE

營業(yè)時間禁止拍照辦公時間這邊向上

開關

1.-Wouldyouliketogotothezoowithus?____.

A.Yes,please.

B.That'strue.

C.Yes,I'dloveto.

D.Quitewell.

2.-I'vedonequitewellintheexamthisterm.

-___

__.

A.Idon'tknow.

B.Congratulations.

C.SodoI.

D.Goon,please.

3.Ifyourfriendtellsyouthatheisill,youmaysay"_

__"

A.Excuseme.

B.I'msorrytohearthat.

C.Itdoesn'tmatter.

D.Idon'tthinkso.

4.-Haveagoodjourney,Alice.

A.Allright

B.Thanksalot.

C.Verygood

D.Muchbetter

5.Thesign"THISSIDEUP"isoftenseen____.

A.onabox

B.inthestreet

C.inacinema

D.inapark

思考題：

1.-Thankyouforyourhelp.-__

___

A.Allright.

B.That'sallright.C.That'sright.

D.It'sverykindofyou.

2.-DoyoumindifIclosethewindow?

-____

__

A.No,Imind.

B.Yes,Idon'tmind.

C.No,notatall.

D.Yes,I'mafraidnot.

3.-Helpyourselftosomeapples.-__

A.Idon'tlikeit.

B.Sorry,Ican'thelpit.

C.Nevermind.

D.Thankyouverymuch.

4.-Tomwilltakecareofourcatwhilewe'reaway.-____

A．Fine,thankyou.

B.I'lldoitmyself.

C.That'sverykindofhim.

D.Itdoesn'tmatter.

5.-YouspeakEnglishquitewell.-__

__

A.Idon'tthinkso.

B.Youdon'tsayso.

C.No,Idon'tspeakwell.

D.Thankyou.

動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)的綜合運用

確定正確的時態(tài)

1.根據時間狀語確定時態(tài).時間狀語與時態(tài)有著密切的關系.

a.I________(write)now.

b.I______(lose)mypenyesterday.

c.We___________(study)Englishfortwoyears.

2.根據上下文來確定時態(tài)

有些句子沒有明顯的時間狀語,又不能用時態(tài)呼應規(guī)則來對照,這時就可以根據上下文內容來判斷時間關系,確定正確時態(tài).A.Wherearethetwins?

B.They______(go)tovisitUncleWang.

3.根據主從句的關系來確定時態(tài).

4.根據語言習慣來確定時態(tài)

*1.come,go,leave等趨向性動詞的進行時可用來表示即將發(fā)生的動作.

*2.永恒的真理和客觀存在的狀態(tài)用一般現在時.

*3.祈使句中,或在情態(tài)動詞,助動詞后,謂語動詞用原形

Don't_____(read)inthesun,willyou?

You'dbetter_____(stay)athomesinceit'srainingoutside.

注意所填動詞的語態(tài)

Todaybothbasketballandvolleyball_________(play)inmanycountries.

確定動詞的形式

1.bebusy,whatabout等后用動詞的-ing形式.

2.在介詞后一般應用動詞的-ing形式.

3.在keep,enjoy,finish,mind等動詞后采用動詞的--ing形式.

4.在動詞decide,hope,wish,hate等動詞后應用動詞不定式作賓語,而在ask,tell,want,teach之后則用動詞不定式的復合結構,即“asksb.todosth.”的形式

5.在see,hear,watch,make,let等后面作賓語補足語的動詞不定式應省略動詞不定式符號“to”,但在被動句中,應添上"to".

6.在It‘stime(forsb.)todosth.It'skind/nice/goodofsb.todosth.

Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.的句型中,動詞不定式短語作句子真正的主語.

7.疑問代詞/副詞(why除外)+todosth.結構,可在句中作主語,表語和賓語.

練習題：

1.TheGreatGreenWallwillstopthewindfrom________(blow)theearthaway.

2.MrSmithkepton_____(ask)theplayerstoremember-----TEAMWORK

3.Alicedidn'thearwhattheteachersaidjustnow,soshedoesn'tknowhow