暨南大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院《706外語（英）水平考試》歷年考研真題及詳解

目錄

2011年暨南大學(xué)706外語（英）水平考試考研真題及詳解

2012年暨南大學(xué)706外語（英）水平考試考研真題及詳解

2013年暨南大學(xué)706外語（英）水平考試考研真題及詳解

2014年暨南大學(xué)706外語（英）水平考試考研真題及詳解

2015年暨南大學(xué)706外語（英）水平考試考研真題及詳解

2016年暨南大學(xué)706外語（英）水平考試考研真題及詳解

2017年暨南大學(xué)706外語（英）水平考試考研真題及詳解

2018年暨南大學(xué)706外語（英）水平考試考研真題及詳解

2011年暨南大學(xué)706外語（英）水

平考試考研真題及詳解

PartⅠGrammarandVocabulary(30points)

Directions:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefour

choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthe

sentence.WriteyouranswerontotheANSWERSHEET.

1.Accordingtoonebelief,iftruthistobeknownitwillmakeitself

apparent,soone_____waitinsteadofsearchingforit.

A.wouldrather

B.hadto

C.cannotbut

D.hadbest

【答案】D

【解析】句意：根據(jù)一種信念，如果真理將會被人們知道的話，它

總會自動現(xiàn)身，因此，人們最好是等待真理而不是去尋找真理。had

best意思是“最好”，相當(dāng)于hadbetter，最為符合句意。wouldrather是“寧

愿”。hadto是“必須，不得不”。cannotbut是“不得不，不禁”。故正確答

案為D。

2.Soinvolvedwiththeircomputers_____thatleadersatsummer

computercampsoftenhavetoforcethemtobreakforsportsandgames.

A.dothechildrenbecome

B.becomethechildren

C.hadthechildrenbecome

D.becamethechildren

【答案】C

【解析】句意：孩子們?nèi)绱顺撩杂陔娔X，以至于夏令營的電腦領(lǐng)導(dǎo)

者常常不得不強迫他們停下來做運動和游戲。本題考查倒裝句。在

so/such...that…結(jié)構(gòu)中，若將so+adj./adv.或者such+名詞置于句首，則其

后的主句要用部分倒裝。且根據(jù)時態(tài)，應(yīng)當(dāng)是過去完成時，故正確答案

為C。

3.TheindividualTVviewerinvariablysensesthatheorsheis_____an

anonymous,statisticallyinsignificantpartofahugeanddiverseaudience.

A.everythingexcept

B.anythingbut

C.nothingmorethan

D.nolessthan

【答案】C

【解析】句意：作為個體的電視觀眾總是覺得他（或她）只不過是

龐大的觀眾群體中微不足道的一分子罷了。因此，從整個句子來看，此

空需要表達(dá)“僅僅，只不過”的意思，而在這四個選項中，只有nothing

morethan有此意。everythingexcept意為“除……之外的所有物體”。

anythingbut意為“絕對不”。nolessthan意為“不少于，簡直是”。故正確

答案為C。

4.Churchasweusethewordreferstoallreligiousinstitutions,_____

theyChristian,Islamic,Buddhist,Jewish,andsoon.

A.being

B.be

C.were

D.are

【答案】B

【解析】句意：“教堂”這個詞指的是所有的宗教機構(gòu)，包括基督

教、伊斯蘭教、佛教、猶太教等等。betheyChristian…讓步狀語從句，

相當(dāng)于nomatterwhethertheyareChristian…，也可說whethertheybe

Christian。故正確答案為B。

5.Thesuspectatlastadmitted_____thestolengoodsbuthedenied

_____them.

A.receiving...selling

B.toreceive...selling

C.receiving...tosell

D.toreceive...tosell

【答案】A

【解析】句意：犯罪嫌疑人最終承認(rèn)收到了被盜的貨物，但卻否認(rèn)

銷贓。admit和deny通常后跟動名詞，名詞，或that引導(dǎo)的從句作賓語，

所以本句中只有選項A正確。故正確答案為A。

6._____onaclearday,farfromthecitycrowds,themountainsgive

himasenseofinfinitepeace.

A.Ifwalking

B.Walking

C.Whilewalking

D.Whenoneiswalking

【答案】D

【解析】句意：當(dāng)一個人在晴朗的日子里散步，遠(yuǎn)離城市的人群

時，群山給了他一種無限的安寧感?？疾榉侵^語動詞和狀語從句。A、

B、C三項均與主語“themountains”不一致，故排除非謂語動詞用法。D

項為時間狀語從句。故正確答案為D。

7.Although_____Spanish,heattendedthecourse.

A.hewasknowing

B.heisknowing

C.havingaknowledgeof

D.knows

【答案】C

【解析】句意：雖然只懂一點西班牙語，但他還是參加了這個課程

的學(xué)習(xí)。know是靜態(tài)動詞，不能用于進(jìn)行時；選knows從句中又缺少主

語。knowledge作“知識”講時是不可數(shù)名詞，但“了解”講時，前面可加

a，常用于詞組haveaknowledgeof中，故正確答案為C。

8.Itisonlywhenyounearlylosesomeone_____fullyconsciousof

howmuchyouvaluehim.

A.doyoubecome

B.thatyoubecome

C.thenyoubecome

D.haveyoubecome

【答案】B

【解析】句意：只有當(dāng)你差點失去了某個人，你才能充分認(rèn)識到你

是多么地在乎他。本題考查強調(diào)句。Itis/was+強調(diào)部分+其余部分，這

里強調(diào)的是時間狀語onlywhenyounearlylosesomeone，判斷強調(diào)句的

方法是把強調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)去掉，這句話仍然成立。本句去掉強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)這句話

是成立的，故正確答案為B。

9.JeanWagner’smostenduringcontributiontothestudyofAfro

Americanpoetryishisinsistencethatit_____inareligious,aswellas

worldly,frameofreference.

A.beanalyzed

B.hasbeenanalyzed

C.istobeanalyzed

D.shouldhavebeenanalyzed

【答案】A

【解析】句意：瓦格納對美非詩歌做出的流傳最久的貢獻(xiàn)就是他堅

持從宗教和世俗的框架上分析它。本題考查虛擬語氣。insistence相當(dāng)于

insist，表示“堅持做某事”，后面接shoulddo，should可以省略。故正確

答案為A。

10.Whiledrivingalongthetreacherousroad,_____.

A.myrightreartyreblewout

B.myrightreartyrehadablowout

C.Ihadablow-outonmyrightreartyre

D.Ihadmyrightreartyreblowout

【答案】C

【解析】句意：當(dāng)我在險峻的山路上駕車急馳時，車的右后胎爆

了。此句為一個帶有時間狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句。在英語中，由

while，when等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，如果其主語與主句中的主語相

同，從句中的主語可以省略，而只剩下分詞短語。駕車的應(yīng)該是人，且

D的意義不符，故正確答案為C。

11.After_____seemedanendlesswait,itwasherturntostepintothe

doctor’soffice.

A.it

B.that

C.which

D.what

【答案】D

【解析】句意：度過了好像沒有終止的等待之后，終于輪到她去醫(yī)

生的辦公室。after接的是一個狀語從句，如果選擇that的話，從句將缺

少主語；只有what可以在從句里面做主語，構(gòu)成完整的從句。故正確答

案為D。

12.Bythemiddleofthe21stcentury,thevastmajorityoftheworld’s

population_____incitiesratherthaninthecountry.

A.areliving

B.willbeliving

C.havelived

D.willhavelived

【答案】B

【解析】句意：到21世紀(jì)中葉，大部分的人口都將生活在城里而不

是在鄉(xiāng)下。根據(jù)本句的時間狀語bythemiddleofthe21stcentury說明是

一個將來時。陳述的是在將來的這段時間里所發(fā)生的事情，所以使用將

來進(jìn)行時。故正確答案為B。

13.Bitbybit,achildmakesthenecessarychangestomakehislanguage

_____.

A.asotherpeople

B.asotherpeople’s

C.likeotherpeople

D.likeotherpeople’s

【答案】D

【解析】句意：孩子一點一點地對自己的語言進(jìn)行必要的改變，以

便像別人一樣說話。本題考查比較成分的一致性。本句中比較的人的語

言，所以要用名詞的所有格otherpeople’s，其實它后面省略了

language。再者like是介詞，as表示“和……一樣”時，常作連詞，故正確

答案為D。

14.Mr.Miltonpreferstoresign_____partinsuchdishonestbusiness

deals.

A.thantake

B.thantotake

C.ratherthantake

D.ratherthantotake

【答案】C

【解析】句意：米爾頓先生寧愿辭職也不愿參與這種不誠實的交

易。本題考查prefertodoratherthando的結(jié)構(gòu)，其含義是“寧愿……也

不……”。故正確答案為C。

15.Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened,

_____asuddenloudnoise.

A.shouldtherebe

B.beingthere

C.therewas

D.therehavebeen

【答案】A

【解析】句意：如果突然有巨大的噪音，這些動物有可能會被嚇

到。本題考查虛擬語氣。本題是一個省略了if的虛擬語氣句，并且是與

將來相反，從句可以使用：should+動詞原形；原句為：Ifthereshould

beasuddenloudnoise,thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbe

frightened。故正確答案為A。

16.Whoeverformulatedthetheoryoftheoriginoftheuniverse,itisjust

_____andneedsproving.

A.spontaneous

B.hypothetical

C.intuitive

D.empirical

【答案】B

【解析】句意：管誰創(chuàng)立了關(guān)于宇宙淵源的學(xué)說，這都僅僅是個假

設(shè)，需要被證明。spontaneous自發(fā)的；自然的。hypothetical假設(shè)的；假

定的，強調(diào)需要經(jīng)過證明、檢驗。intuitive天生的；本能的。empirical根

據(jù)經(jīng)驗的；經(jīng)驗主義的。根據(jù)句意可知，hypothetical最為符合。故正確

答案為B。

17.Asanindustry,biotechnologystandsto_____electronicsindollar

volumeandperhapssurpassitinsocialimpactby2020.

A.contend

B.contest

C.rival

D.strive

【答案】C

【解析】句意：作為一個產(chǎn)業(yè)，生物技術(shù)以美元的價格與電子產(chǎn)品

競爭，并可能在2020年超過其在社會上的影響力。contend競爭；奮斗。

contest競爭；爭辯。rival競爭；比得上某人，后面經(jīng)常接競爭對手。

strive努力；奮斗。根據(jù)句意可知，rival最為符合。故正確答案為C。

18.Itwasno_____thathiscarwasseennearthebankatthetimeofthe

robbery.

A.coincidence

B.convention

C.certainty

D.complication

【答案】A

【解析】句意：搶劫發(fā)生的同時有人看到他的車停在銀行附近，這

并非巧合。that引導(dǎo)的從句說明了所填詞的意思，兩件有關(guān)聯(lián)的事同時

發(fā)生，根據(jù)常理，應(yīng)該不是巧合。Itis/was(no)coincidencethat是固定句

型，意為“……（不）是巧合”，符合句意。故正確答案為A。

19.Usingextremelydifferentdecoratingschemesinadjoiningrooms

mayresultin_____andlackofunityinstyle.

A.conflict

B.confrontation

C.disturbance

D.disharmony

【答案】D

【解析】句意：在相鄰的房間使用極為不同的裝飾方案可能會導(dǎo)致

風(fēng)格上的不協(xié)調(diào)和缺乏統(tǒng)一。conflict指斗爭；沖突。confrontation面

對；對質(zhì)。disturbance指騷動；打擾。disharmony不調(diào)和；不一致。根

據(jù)句意可知，disharmony最為符合句意。故正確答案為D。

20.However,growthinthefabricatedmetalsindustrywasableto_____

someofthedeclineintheironandsteelindustry.

A.overturn

B.overtake

C.offset

D.oppress

【答案】C

【解析】句意：然而，金屬制品行業(yè)的增長能夠抵消鋼鐵行業(yè)的一

些衰退。overturn打翻；顛覆。overtake趕上；超過。offset抵消；彌補。

oppress壓迫；擠壓。根據(jù)句意可知，offset最為符合。故正確答案為C。

21.OneoftheresponsibilitiesoftheCoastGuardistomakesurethatall

ships_____followtrafficrulesinbusyharbors.

A.cautiously

B.dutifully

C.faithfully

D.skillfully

【答案】B

【解析】句意：海岸警衛(wèi)隊的職責(zé)之一是確保所有船只在繁忙的港

口盡職盡責(zé)地遵守交通規(guī)則。cautiously慎重地；謹(jǐn)慎地。dutifully忠實

地；忠貞地。faithfully忠實地；如實地。skillfully巧妙地；精巧地。故

正確答案為B。

22.Thechairmanoftheboard_____onmetheunpleasantjobof

dismissinggoodworkersthefirmcannolongeraffordtoemploy.

A.compelled

B.posed

C.pressed

D.tempted

【答案】C

【解析】句意：董事會主席向我提出了一項令人不快的工作，那就

是解雇那些公司再也雇不起的好員工。compel迫使；強迫。pose形成；

擺姿勢。press壓緊；緊逼。tempt誘惑；冒險。根據(jù)句意可知，press最

為符合。故正確答案為C。

23.Thetimberrattlesnakeisnowontheendangeredspecieslist,andis

extinctintwoeasternstatesinwhichitonce_____.

A.thrived

B.swelled

C.prospered

D.flourished

【答案】A

【解析】句意：響尾蛇現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)被列入瀕危物種名單，并且在曾經(jīng)

大量繁衍的東部兩個州已經(jīng)滅絕。thrive茁壯成長；繁榮。swell膨脹；

增大。prosper繁榮；昌盛。flourish繁榮；茂盛。根據(jù)句意可知，thrive

最為符合。故正確答案為A。

24.Somedaysoftwarewilltranslatebothwrittenandspokenlanguage

sowellthattheneedforanycommonsecondlanguagecould_____.

A.descend

B.decline

C.deteriorate

D.depress

【答案】B

【解析】句意：有朝一日，軟件將把書面語言和口頭語言都翻譯得

非常好，可能會因此對任何共同的第二語言的需求都下降。descend多

指從高處到低處，位置上的下降；decline是抽象的減少，衰退，如數(shù)

量、質(zhì)量、價值上的下降。deteriorate惡化；變壞。depress壓抑；沮

喪。根據(jù)句意可知，decline最為符合。故正確答案為B。

25.WhenTasumafirstcametotheU.S.fromJapan,hewasn’tsurehe

could_____intoAmericanculture,butafterafewmonths,hefeltathome

here.

A.absorb

B.transform

C.digest

D.assimilate

【答案】D

【解析】句意：當(dāng)Tasuma第一次從日本來到美國時，他不相信自己

能融入美國文化。可是過了幾個月，他就感覺像在自己家似的。absorb

吸收。transform轉(zhuǎn)換；變化。digest消化；吸收。assimilate吸收；同

化，常與to，into連用。故正確答案為D。

26.Underthis_____pressuresomeoftherocksevenbecameliquid.

A.bulky

B.weighty

C.intensive

D.intense

【答案】D

【解析】句意：在這種強大的壓力下，一些巖石甚至變成了液體。

intensive加強的；集中的。weighty沉重的；笨重的。intense強烈的；劇

烈的。bulky龐大的；粗壯的。根據(jù)句意可知，intense最為符合。故正確

答案為D。

27.TheBrowningshavenot_____yetandIdoubtwhethertheywill

come.

Aturnedin

B.turnedup

C.turnedout

D.turnedto

【答案】B

【解析】句意：勃朗寧一家人還沒露面，我懷疑他們會不會來。turn

up出現(xiàn)，露面。turnin歸還，遞交。turnout原來是；證明是。turnto求

助于；求教于。根據(jù)句意可知，turnup最為符合。故正確答案為B。

28.Tom_____hisnewjobwithconfidence.

A.setout

B.setoff

C.setup

D.setabout

【答案】D

【解析】句意：湯姆滿懷信心地著手干他的新工作。setout出發(fā)；開

始。setoff出發(fā)；引起。setup建立；裝配。setabout著手；開始做。根

據(jù)句意可知，setabout最為符合。故正確答案為D。

29.IamsorryIhavenotimeatpresentto_____moredetailorgiveyou

anaccountofothercitiesofinterest.

A.gointo

B.takeinto

C.comeinto

D.bringinto

【答案】A

【解析】句意：很抱歉，我現(xiàn)在沒有時間詳細(xì)地講一講，也沒有時

間向您介紹其他感興趣的城市。gointo意為“敘述；討論”，能與句中的

moredetail搭配，為正確答案。bring很少與into連用；takeinto一般用于

takeintoaccount“重視，考慮”和oconsideration“把……考慮進(jìn)

去”；comeinto“繼承，卷入，開始，進(jìn)入”與題意不符。故正確答案為

A。

30.Awellwrittencomposition_____goodchoiceofwordsandclear

organizationamongotherthings.

A.callsfor

B.callson

C.callsup

D.callsoff

【答案】A

【解析】句意：一篇好的作文需要用詞正確，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰。callfor要

求；需要。callon拜訪；號召。callup打電話；召集。calloff取消；叫

走。根據(jù)句意可知，callsfor最為符合。故正確答案為A。

PartⅡProof-readingandErrorCorrection(20points)

Directions:Proofreadthegivenpassageasinstructed.Thepassage

containsTENerrors.EachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumONEerror.In

eachcase,onlyONEwordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepassageand

correctitinthefollowingway:

Forawrongword,underlinethewrongandwritethecorrectoneinthe

balkprovidedontheANSWERSHEET.

Foramissingword,markthepositionofthemissingwordwitha“∧”

signandwritethewordyoubelievetobemissingintheblankprovidedon

theANSWERSHEET.

Foranunnecessaryword,crosstheunnecessarywordwithaslash“/”

andputthewordintheblankprovidedontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案與解析】

1.credible→credibly

（此處應(yīng)當(dāng)用副詞credibly修飾動詞represent，表示“可信地；可靠

地”。）

2.spending→spend

（此處應(yīng)當(dāng)改為名詞形式spend，做reduce的賓語，表示“減少……的

支出”。）

3.start∧a→with

（startwith為固定表達(dá)，表示“以……為開始”，后接名詞。）

4.effect→affect

（effect做動詞表示“產(chǎn)生；達(dá)到目的”，不符合句意，應(yīng)當(dāng)改為動詞

affect，表示“影響”。）

5.way→ways

（insomeways在某些方面。insomeway某種程度上。根據(jù)原意，這

些變化將在很多方面影響到諸多集團(tuán)的利益，故way改成ways。）

6.now∧would→we

（byestablishingacomprehensiveplannow做句子的狀語，would前面

缺少主語，結(jié)合上下文添加we。）

7.will→would

（結(jié)合句首時態(tài)可知，will應(yīng)改為would。）

8.guarantee→guarantees

（觀察原文，此句主語為confidence，所以謂語動詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)，故

guarantee為guarantees。）

9.for→off

（headoff為固定表達(dá)，意為“阻攔，防止”。根據(jù)句意，采取行動規(guī)

避風(fēng)險，故for改為off。）

10.safety→security

（economicsecurity為固定表達(dá)，意為“經(jīng)濟安全”。）

PartⅢReadingComprehension(20points)

Directions:Inthispartofthetesttherearefivereadingpassages

followedbyatotalof20multiple-choicequestions.Readthepassagesand

thenwriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

Text1

Duringthepastgeneration,theAmericanmiddle-classfamilythatonce

couldcountonhardworkandfairplaytokeepitselffinanciallysecurehas

beentransformedbyeconomicriskandnewrealities.Nowapinkslip,abad

diagnosis,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddle

classtonewlypoorinafewmonths.

Injustonegeneration,millionsofmothershavegonetowork,

transformingbasicfamilyeconomics.Scholars,policymakers,andcriticsof

allstripeshavedebatedthesocialimplicationsofthesechanges,butfewhave

lookedatthesideeffect;familyriskhasrisenaswell.Today’sfamilieshave

budgetedtothelimitsoftheirnewtwo-paycheckstatus.Asaresult,they

havelosttheparachutetheyoncehadinlimesoffinancialsetback—aback-

upearner(usuallyMom)whocouldgointotheworkforceiftheprimary

earnergotlaidofforfellsick.This“added-workereffect”couldsupportthe

safetynetofferedbyunemploymentinsuranceordisabilityinsurancetohelp

familiesweatherbadtimes.Buttoday,adisruptiontofamilyfortunescanno

longerbemadeupwithextraincomefromanotherwise-stay-at-home

partner.

Duringthesameperiod,familieshavebeenaskedtoabsorbmuchmore

riskintheirretirementincome.Steelworkers,airlineemployees,andnow

thoseintheautoindustryarejoiningmillionsoffamilieswhomustworry

aboutinterestrates,stockmarketfluctuation,andtheharshrealitythatthey

mayoutlivetheirretirementmoney.Formuchofthepastyear,President

BushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasavings-accountmodel,with

retireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpayments

dependingoninvestmentreturns.Foryoungerfamilies,thepictureisnotany

better.Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitborneby

familieshaverisen—andnewlyfashionablehealth-savingsplansare

spreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigher

deductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies’future

healthcare.Evendemographicsareworkingagainstthemiddleclassfamily,

astheoddsofhavingaweakelderlyparent—andalltheattendantneedfor

physicalandfinancialassistance—havejumpedeightfoldinjustone

generation.

Fromthemiddle-classfamilyperspective,muchofthis,understandably,

looksfarlesslikeanopportunitytoexercisemorefinancialresponsibility,

andagooddealmorelikeafrighteningaccelerationofthewholesaleshiftof

financialriskontotheiralreadyoverburdenedshoulders.Thefinancialfallout

hasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.

1.Today’sdouble-incomefamiliesareatgreaterfinancialriskinthat

_____.

A.thesafetynettheyusedtoenjoyhasdisappeared.

B.theirchancesofbeinglaidoffhavegreatlyincreased.

C.theyaremorevulnerabletochangesinfamilyeconomics.

D.theyaredeprivedofunemploymentordisabilityinsurance.

2.AsaresultofPresidentBush’sreform,retiredpeoplemayhave

_____.

A.ahighersenseofsecurity.

B.lesssecuredpayments

C.lesschancetoinvest.

D.aguaranteedfuture.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,health-savingsplanswill_____.

A.helpreducethecostofhealthcare.

B.popularizeamongthemiddleclass.

C.compensateforthereducedpensions.

D.increasethefamilies’investmentrisk.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat_____.

A.financialriskstendtooutweighpoliticalrisks.

B.themiddleclassmayfacegreaterpoliticalchallenges.

C.financialproblemsmaybringaboutpoliticalproblems.

D.financialresponsibilityisanindicatorofpoliticalstatus.

【答案與解析】

1.C根據(jù)文章第一段的內(nèi)容，現(xiàn)在，一份解雇通知書，一份糟糕的

診斷，或者一個正在消失的配偶，都可以在幾個月內(nèi)將一個家庭從一個

穩(wěn)定的中產(chǎn)階級減少到一個新的貧困家庭。所以可以推測，他們很容易

受到家庭經(jīng)濟變化的影響。故正確答案為C。

2.B由第三段第三句話可知，所有擔(dān)保支付額由投資的回報率決

定，這樣擔(dān)保的支付額是變得的，與選項B擔(dān)保支付額變少是一個意

思，而且guaranteedpayments與securedpayments同一個意思，都可翻譯

成擔(dān)保支付額。故正確答案為B。

3.D通過文章第三段倒數(shù)第二句話可知，醫(yī)療保險的絕對成本和

家庭負(fù)擔(dān)的比例都有所上升，新流行的醫(yī)療儲蓄計劃正從立法院擴展到

沃爾瑪?shù)膯T工，家庭未來的醫(yī)療保險將面臨更高的免賠額和更大的投資

風(fēng)險。故正確答案為D。

4.C讀全文最后一段可知，本段的主題句是“Thefinancialfallout

hasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.”可見，金融問題

已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生，而政治問題可能不久也會出現(xiàn)。換句話說就是：金融問題可

能會帶來政治問題。故正確答案為C。

Text2

Onlyrecentlyhasbiologybeguntoseeitselfasaninformation

technology.Anorganism’sphysiologyandbehavioraredictatedlargelyby

itsgenes.Andthosegenescontaininformationwrittenincodethatis

surprisinglysimilartothedigitalcodethatcomputerscientistshavedevised

forthestorageandtransmissionofotherinformation.

Therearesomedifferences,ofCourse.Thegeneticcodehasfour

elements(knownasbasesorletters),whileacomputer’sbinarycodehasonly

two.Andthebasesofgeneticcodearegroupedtogetherinthreesratherthan

intheeight-bitbytesofcomputing.Butthesimilaritiesaresostrikingthat

biologyissuddenlyundergoingaseriousamountofcomputerization.Atthe

sametime,therehasbeenrapidprogressinthemachinesthatsupplytheraw

materialforthecomputer—thesequencesofgeneticbasestobeanalyzed.A

singlegene-sequencingmachinecannowreadhundredsofthousandsof

basesperday;andnewertechnologies,suchas“genechips”,shouldproduce

evenmoredatatobestoredandannotatedforsubsequentstudy.

Theresultisamind-bogglingamountofinformation.Agenetics

laboratorycaneasilyproduce100gigabytesofdataaday—thatisabout

20,000timesthevolumeofdatainthecompleteworksofShakespeareorJ.

S.Bach.Theanalysisofsuchdataposesproblemsbeyondmerevolume

control.Computerprogramsmustanalyzewhatconstitutesabiologically

meaningfulrelationshipbetweenanewlydiscoveredsequenceofDNAand

existingsequencesstoredinacentraldatabase.Programmingacomputerfor

suchtasksrequiresbothextensiveknowledgeofcomputingtheoryandakeen

biologicalintuition.

Andthere’stherub.Therealproblemaboutthegrowingquantification

ofbiologyisnotthechangeinthesubjectbutthelackofchangeinits

practitioners.Forasuddeninpouringofdataisnotuniquetobiology.

Astronomersmustnowdealwithsquillionsofbitsofdatafromautomatic

skysurveys;particlephysicistswouldnothavethefirstideaofwhatwas

goingonintheirmachinesiftheresultsoftheirexperimentswerenot

processedautomatically.Yetneitherofthesefieldsseemstobesuffering

undulyfrominformationoverloadbecausethephysicalsciencesarefounded

onnumbercrunching.Manybiologists,however,avoidedthefieldsof

astronomyorparticlephysicsbecausetheyhave,inthedelicatelychosen

wordsofSylviaSpengleroftheCenterforBioinformaticsandComputational

GenomicsinCalifornia,“someproblemwithmathematics”.Theresultisthat

thereisadesperateshortageofspecialistscapableofdevelopingthetoolsthat

biologistsneed.Whatisrequiredisgenuinelynewkindofscientistwhois

trainedbothincomputerscienceandbiology.Itusedtobesaidthatthe

physicistsgotalltheresearchmoney.Now,however,itisthebiologists’

budgetsthataregrowing.Butthereisaprice.Asbiologybecomes

numericallyrigorous,itspractitionershavenochoicebuttodothesame.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthecentralproblemfacingbiological

researcherstoday?

A.Ashortageofresearchfunds.

B.Areluctancetoacquireadvancedmathematicalskills.

C.Aninsufficientknowledgeofcomputerlanguages.

D.Anunwillingnesstoworkcooperativelywithmathematicians.

6.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisasimilarity

betweengeneticcodeandcomputercode?

A.Thenumberofelementsused.

B.Thewaythebasesandbytesaregrouped.

C.Thewayinwhichthecodesarewritten.

D.Theinfinitenumberofpossiblesequencesthatcanbeproduced.

7.Thevastamountofdatageneratedbygeneticslabsareaproblem

becauseresearchers_____.

A.havenotchangedthewaytheywork

B.havenotheoreticalbasisfordealingwiththisnewinformation

C.arereluctanttoacknowledgetheimportanceofthenewdata

D.lackadequatefundingfornewequipment

【答案與解析】

5.C根據(jù)文章最后一段的內(nèi)容，大量數(shù)據(jù)需要生物學(xué)家來處理，但

是有能力開發(fā)生物學(xué)家需要的工具的專家極度短缺。他們需要的是接受

過計算機科學(xué)和生物學(xué)的培訓(xùn)的新型科學(xué)家。故正確答案為C。

6.C文章第一段的最后一句話說明，這些基因包含的信息用代碼編

寫，與計算機科學(xué)家為儲存和傳輸其他信息而設(shè)計的數(shù)字代碼驚人地相

似。故正確答案為C。

7.B根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可以知道，雖然信息技術(shù)大量涌入生物

學(xué)，產(chǎn)生了許多數(shù)據(jù)需要處理，然而這些生物學(xué)家都缺乏對應(yīng)的處理數(shù)

據(jù)的能力。故正確答案為B。

Text3

Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmoking

wouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn’tknowforsure?Thatthe

evidencewasinconclusive,thescienceuncertain?Thattheantismoking

lobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandthegovernmentshouldstayout

oftheway?LotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,

some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves.

Thereareupsettingparallelstoday,asscientistsinonewaveafter

anothertrytoawakenustothegrowingthreatofglobalwarming.Thelatest

wasapanelfromtheNationalAcademyofSciences,enlistedbytheWhite

House,totellusthattheEarth’satmosphereisdefinitelywarmingandthat

theproblemislargelyman-made.Theclearmessageisthatweshouldget

movingtoprotectourselves.ThepresidentoftheNationalAcademy,Bruce

Alberts,addedthiskeypointintheprefacetothepanel’sreport“Science

neverhasalltheanswers.Butsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailable

guidetothefuture,anditiscriticalthatournationandtheworldbase

importantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerning

thefutureconsequencesofpresentactions.”

Justasonsmokingvoicesnowcomefrommanyquartersinsistingthat

thescienceaboutglobalwarmingisincomplete,thatit’sOktokeeppouring

fumesintotheairuntilweknowforsure.Thisisadangerousgame:bythe

100percentoftheevidenceisin,itmaybetoolate.Withtherisksobvious

andgrowing,aprudentpeoplewouldtakeoutaninsurancepolicynow.

Fortunately,theWhiteHouseisstartingtopayattention.Butit’s

obviousthatamajorityofthepresident’sadvisersstilldon’ttakeglobal

warmingseriously.Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressfor

moreresearchaclassiccaseof“paralysisbyanalysis”.

Toserveasresponsiblestewardsoftheplanet,wemustpressforwardon

deeperatmosphericandoceanicresearch.Butresearchaloneisinadequate.If

theAdministrationwon’ttakethelegislativeinitiative,Congressshouldhelp

tobeginfashioningconservationmeasures.AbillbyDemocraticSenator

RobertByrdofWestVirginia,whichwouldofferfinancialincentivesfor

privateindustryisapromisingstartManyseethatthecountryisgetting

readytobuildlotsofnewpowerplantstomeetourenergyneeds.Ifweare

evergoingtoprotecttheatmosphere,itiscrucialthatthosenewplantsbe

environmentallysound.

8.Anargumentmadebysupportersofsmokingwasthat_____.

A.therewasnoscientificevidenceofthecorrelationbetweensmoking

anddeath.

B.thenumberofearlydeathsofsmokersinthepastdecadeswas

insignificant.

C.peoplehadthefreedomtochoosetheirownwayoflife.

D.antismokingpeoplewereusuallytalkingnonsense.

9.Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldtheAdministrationdoabout?

A.Offeraidtobuildcleanerpowerplants.

B.Raisepublicawarenessofconservation.

C.Pressforfurtherscientificresearch.

D.Takesomelegislativemeasures.

10.Theauthorassociatestheissueofglobalwarmingwiththatof

smokingbecause_____.

A.theybothsufferedfromthegovernment’snegligence.

B.alessonfromthelatterisapplicabletotheformer.

C.theoutcomeofthelatteraggravatestheformer.

D.bothofthemhaveturnedfrombadtoworse.

【答案與解析】

8.C由第一段第三句話可知，反吸煙游說團(tuán)體正在摧毀我們的生活

方式，政府應(yīng)該靠邊兒站。原文說吸煙反對者破壞了我們的生活方式，

正話反說的同義替換就是我們應(yīng)該有我們選擇生活方式的權(quán)利和自由。

故正確答案為C。

9.D根據(jù)最后一段第二句，如果政府不采取立法主動，國會應(yīng)該

幫助制定保護(hù)措施。顯然，這里暗指政府應(yīng)采取法律措施，選項D的內(nèi)

容符合。故正確答案為D。

10.B在第一段，作者提到，幾十年前吸煙問題被忽視帶來嚴(yán)重后

果；而現(xiàn)在這樣的忽視又發(fā)生在全球變暖問題上，希望政府引以為鑒，

吸取教訓(xùn)。只有B選項明確指出了政府應(yīng)該從后者的教訓(xùn)中引以為鑒。

故正確答案為B。

Text4

MichaelPorter,whohasmadehisnamethroughoutthebusiness

communitybyadvocatinghistheoriesofcompetitiveadvantages,isnow

swimmingintoevenmoreshark-infestedwaters,arguingthatcompetition

cansaveevenAmerica’stroubledhealth-caresystem,thelargestinthe

world.Mr.Porterarguesin“RedefiningHealthCare”thatcompetition,if

properlyapplied,canalsofixwhatailsthissector.

Thatisaboldclaim,giventhehorriblestateofAmerica’shealth-care

system.Justconsiderafewofitsfailings;Americapaysmorepercapitafor

healthcarethanmostcountries,butitstillhassome45mcitizenswithno

healthinsuranceatall.Whileafewreceiveoutstandingtreatment,heshows

inheart-wrenchingdetailthatmostdonot.Thesystem,wasteshuge

resourcesonpaperwork,ignorespreventivecareand,aboveall,hasperverse

incentivesthatencourageshiftingcostsratherthancuttingthemoutright.He

concludesthatitis“onadangerouspath,withatoxiccombinationofhigh

costs,unevenquality,frequenterrorsandlimitedaccesstocare.”

Manyobserverswouldagreewiththisdiagnosis,butmanywould

undoubtedlydisagreewiththisadvocacyofmoremarketforces.Doctors

haveanintuitivedistrustofcompetition,whichtheyoftenequatewithgreed,

whilemanypublic-policythinkersarguethattheonlywaytofixAmerica’s

problemistoquashtheprivatesector’srolealtogetherandinsteadsetupa

governmentmonopolylikeBritain’sNationalHealthService.

Mr.Porterstronglydisagrees.Hestartsbyacknowledgingthat

competition,asithasbeenintroducedtoAmerica’shealthsystem,hasinfact

donemoreharmthangood.Buthearguesthatcompetitionhasbeen

introducedpiecemeal,incoherentandcounter-productivewaysthatleadto

perverseincentivesandworseoutcomes;“health-carecompetitionisnot

focusedondeliveringvalueforpatients,”hesays.

Mr.Porteroffersamixofsolutionstofixthismess,andtherebytoput

thesectoronagenuinelycompetitivefooting.Firstcomestheseemingly

obvious(butasyetunrealized)goalofdatatransparency.Secondisa

redirectionof