北京市朝陽(yáng)區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)答案

北京市朝陽(yáng)區(qū)2023~2024學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期中質(zhì)量檢測(cè)高三英語(yǔ)（考試時(shí)間90分鐘滿分100分）本試卷共10頁(yè)?？忌鷦?wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無(wú)效。第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Lastnightwasthelastgameformyson’ssoccerteam.Everyoneintheteamhadtrainedveryhardforitandthusconfidentlyexpectedabigwin.Itwasthefinalquarter.Thescorewastwotoone,myson’steaminthe___1___.Parentsencircledthefield,offeringencouragement.Withlessthantensecondsremaining,theballrolledinfrontofmyson’steammate,MickeyO’Donnell.Withshoutsof“___2___it!”acrossthefield,Mickeytookthechanceandgaveiteverythinghehad.Allroundmethecrowderupted.Hehad___3___!However,everyonerealizedimmediatelythatMickeydidit,butinthe___4___goal,endingthegameinadraw.Foramomenttherewastotal___5___.Theairseemedtobeatastandstill.Yousee,MickeyhasDown’ssyndrome,aconditioninwhichapersonisbornwithlearningdifficulties,andforhimallgoalsshouldbecelebrated.Hehad___6___beenknowntohugtheopposingplayerswhentheywonapoint.Notknowingwhatwashappening,Mickeyranovertomysonexcitedly,“Imadeit!Imadeit!Everybodywon!”ForamomentIheldmybreath,notsurehowmysonwould___7___.Ineednothaveworried.Iwatched,throughtears,myson___8___hishandintheclassichighfivegestureandstartedshouting,“WaytogoMickey!WaytogoMickey!”WithinmomentsbothteamssurroundedMickey,joiningmysonto___9___himonhisgoal.Laterthatnight,whenmydaughteraskedwhohadwon,IsmiledasIreplied,“Itwasa_____10_____.Everybodywon.”1.A.way B.position C.lead D.back2.A.Leave B.Pick C.Throw D.Kick3.A.missed B.scored C.performed D.slipped4.A.clear B.wrong C.specific D.decisive5.A.silence B.anger C.whisper D.laughter6.A.rather B.hardly C.almost D.even7.A.admit B.react C.guess D.defend8.A.drewback B.putdown C.lookedat D.threwup9.A.congratulate B.fort C.consult D.instruct10.A.relief B.key C.tie D.pity【答案】1.C2.D3.B4.B5.A6.D7.B8.D9.A10.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一個(gè)患有唐氏綜合癥的男孩米奇在足球比賽中踢進(jìn)了烏龍球，雖然比賽打平，但所有人都認(rèn)為米奇贏了的故事?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：比分是二比一，我兒子的隊(duì)領(lǐng)先。A.way方法；B.position位置；C.lead榜樣；領(lǐng)先地位；D.back后背。根據(jù)“Thescorewastwotoone,”及下文可知，作者兒子所在的足球隊(duì)暫時(shí)領(lǐng)先。故選C?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：高喊著“踢它!”A.Leave離開(kāi)；B.Pick撿起；C.Throw扔；D.Kick踢。根據(jù)“Withlessthantensecondsremaining,theballrolledinfrontofmyson’steammate,MickeyO’Donnell.”可知，球到了米奇·奧唐納的腳下，所以所有人都喊他踢球。故選D。【3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他進(jìn)球了!A.missed錯(cuò)過(guò)；B.scored得分；C.performed表演；D.slipped滑倒。根據(jù)“However,everyonerealizedimmediatelythatMickeydidit,butinthe___4___goal,endingthegameinadraw.”可知，米奇·奧唐納進(jìn)球得分了。故選B?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，每個(gè)人都立刻意識(shí)到，米奇做到了，但是錯(cuò)誤的進(jìn)球，以平局結(jié)束比賽。A.clear清晰的；B.wrong錯(cuò)誤的；C.specific明確的；D.decisive決定性的。根據(jù)“endingthegameinadraw.”可知，米奇把球踢進(jìn)錯(cuò)誤的球門(mén)了。故選B。【5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一時(shí)間，全場(chǎng)鴉雀無(wú)聲。A.silence沉默；B.anger生氣；C.whisper低語(yǔ)；D.laughter笑聲。根據(jù)“Theairseemedtobeatastandstill.”可知，全場(chǎng)都很驚訝，所以沉默的鴉雀無(wú)聲。故選A?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)對(duì)方球員贏得一分時(shí)，他甚至?xí)肀?duì)方球員。A.rather相當(dāng)；B.hardly幾乎不；C.almost幾乎；D.even甚至。根據(jù)“Yousee,MickeyhasDown’ssyndrome,aconditioninwhichapersonisbornwithlearningdifficulties,andforhimallgoalsshouldbecelebrated.”可知，因?yàn)槊灼婊继剖暇C合癥，所以他甚至在對(duì)方進(jìn)球時(shí)也會(huì)擁抱對(duì)方球員。選D。【7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：有那么一會(huì)兒，我屏住了呼吸，不知道兒子會(huì)有什么反應(yīng)。A.admit承認(rèn)；B.react反應(yīng)；C.guess猜；D.defend防守。根據(jù)“ForamomentIheldmybreath,”可知，作者不確定兒子對(duì)這種情況的反應(yīng)，故選B?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：我淚流滿面地看著兒子舉起手，做了一個(gè)經(jīng)典的擊掌動(dòng)作，開(kāi)始大喊：“干得好，米奇!干得好，米奇!”A.drewback撒回；B.putdown記下；C.lookedat看；D.threwup揚(yáng)起。根據(jù)“hishandintheclassichighfivegestureandstartedshouting,”可知，作者兒子揚(yáng)起手歡呼。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一會(huì)兒，兩支球隊(duì)都圍住了米奇，和我兒子一起祝賀他進(jìn)球。A.congratulate祝賀；B.fort安慰；C.consult請(qǐng)教；D.instruct教導(dǎo)。根據(jù)“Iwatched,throughtears,myson___8___hishandintheclassichighfivegestureandstartedshouting,“WaytogoMickey!WaytogoMickey!””可知，兩支隊(duì)伍都加入兒子的歡呼，祝賀米奇進(jìn)球。故選A。【10題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：那天晚上晚些時(shí)候，女兒?jiǎn)栁艺l(shuí)贏了，我笑著回答：“平局。大家都贏了?！盇.relief欣慰；B.key關(guān)鍵；C.tie平局；D.pity憐憫；同情。根據(jù)“However,everyonerealizedimmediatelythatMickeydidit,butinthe___4___goal,endingthegameinadraw.”可知，比賽結(jié)果以平局告終。故選C。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題分，共15分）A閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。InmyearlyyearsatschoolIhadtroublewithsomesubjects.SometimesIwouldgetan“F”andthatwouldmakeme____11____(real)scared.WhatIusedtodowasturnthe“F”intoa“B”____12____(please)myparents.However,itdidn’tworkoutandfinallyIwascaughtdoingthat.ThenIknewIhadtoacceptthatfailureandlearnfromit,soI____13____(take)apositiveapproach.Naturallythat“F”turnedintoa“B”andthat“B”turnedintoan“A”.【答案】11.really12.toplease13.took【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者剛開(kāi)始上學(xué)的時(shí)候，學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)不佳，為了取悅父母，經(jīng)常偷偷把“F”改為“B”，被抓住后作者吸取教訓(xùn)，積極地學(xué)習(xí)，成績(jī)慢慢變好了。【11題詳解】考查副詞。句意：有時(shí)候我會(huì)得個(gè)“F”，這讓我很害怕。分析句子可知，空處修飾形容詞scared，因此應(yīng)用real的副詞形式really，意為“很，十分”。故填really?！?2題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：我過(guò)去常常把“F”變成“B”來(lái)取悅我的父母。分析句子可知，空處作目的狀語(yǔ)，表示“為了”，因此應(yīng)用please的不定式形式。故填toplease?！?3題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：然后我知道我必須接受失敗并從中吸取教訓(xùn)，所以我采取了積極的態(tài)度。分析句子可知，空處作句子的謂語(yǔ)，文章在敘述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，因此應(yīng)用take的過(guò)去式。故填took。B閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Gatheracoupleoffriendsandtakealeisurelywalkthroughthestreets—thisis____14____manyyoungstersenjoydoingwhentheyvisitanewcity.Tothem,citywalkmeanswanderingaroundthecityonfoot.Participantscanfollowadistinctiveurbanroute,___15___(explore)thecityattheirownpace.paredwithfamous____16____(spot)andbigcrowds,theyprefertogainamoreinclusiveexperienceoftheplacestheyvisit.【答案】14.what15.exploring16.spots【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹許多年輕人喜歡結(jié)伴在城市街頭漫步，這種步行游覽方式讓他們能以自己的節(jié)奏探索城市，獲得更全面的游覽體驗(yàn)，而不是去熱門(mén)景點(diǎn)擠人群?！?4題詳解】考查名詞性從句。句意：約上幾個(gè)朋友，在街上悠閑地散步——這是許多年輕人在訪問(wèn)一個(gè)新城市時(shí)喜歡做的事情。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句為表語(yǔ)從句。從句缺少賓語(yǔ)，指物，所以用連接代詞what引導(dǎo)。故填what?！?5題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：參與者可以沿著獨(dú)特的城市路線，以自己的節(jié)奏探索城市。句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，所以用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。邏輯主語(yǔ)Participants與explore之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。故填exploring?！?6題詳解】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：與著名景點(diǎn)和擁擠的人群相比，他們更喜歡在他們參觀的地方獲得更全面的體驗(yàn)。名詞spot為可數(shù)名詞，泛指許多景點(diǎn)，用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填spots。C閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Technologyisconstantlyadvancing.____17____weimaginedityearsagocannotkeepupwithitspaceofdevelopment.Inthepast,autonomousvehicleswerejustapartofmovies,____18____thesetechnologiesarenowsuccessfullyingintobeing.Anautonomouscar,also____19____(know)asaselfdrivingcar,canperformallfunctionsrelatedtoeverydaydrivingandparking.Itisatechnologythatsensestheenvironmentand,uponenteringthedestination,____20____(find)itswaywithouthumanintervention.【答案】17.How18.but19.known20.finds【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了無(wú)人駕駛汽車(chē)技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展和功能的強(qiáng)大?！?7題詳解】考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意：我們多年前的想象已經(jīng)跟不上它的發(fā)展步伐。分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)名詞性從句作主句的主語(yǔ)，從句中缺少方式狀語(yǔ)，因此應(yīng)用連接副詞how作引導(dǎo)詞，且空處位于句首，how的首字母需大寫(xiě)。故填How。【18題詳解】考查連詞。句意：在過(guò)去，無(wú)人駕駛汽車(chē)只是電影的一部分，但這些技術(shù)現(xiàn)在正在成功地成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。前面說(shuō)明過(guò)去無(wú)人駕駛汽車(chē)仍屬于電影中的場(chǎng)景，還不是現(xiàn)實(shí)，后面說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在這些技術(shù)已成為現(xiàn)實(shí)，因此前后語(yǔ)義構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，空處應(yīng)用意為“但是”的并列連詞but。故填but。【19題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：無(wú)人駕駛汽車(chē)，也被稱為自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(chē)，可以執(zhí)行日常駕駛和停車(chē)相關(guān)的所有功能。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空處作Anautonomouscar的非限制性后置定語(yǔ)，know和Anautonomouscar邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且動(dòng)作已完成，因此應(yīng)用know的過(guò)去分詞形式。故填known?！?0題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：這是一種可以感知環(huán)境的技術(shù)，一旦進(jìn)入目的地，就可以在沒(méi)有人為干預(yù)的情況下找到自己的路。分析句子可知，空處和senses并列，作that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)，時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，find也應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填finds。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AAhearingaidisasmallelectronicdeviceyouwearinorbehindyoureartomakesoundslouder.Ahearingaidhasthreebasicparts:amicrophoneanamplifierandaspeaker.Thehearingaidreceivessoundthroughamicrophone,whichchangesthesoundwavestoelectricalsignalsandsendsthemtoanamplifier.Theamplifierincreasesthepowerofthesignalsandsendsthemtotheearthroughaspeaker.Therearethreestylesofhearingaids.·Behindtheear(BTE)aidsareusedbypeopleofallages.“Mini”BTEisanewkind.Thesesmallandopenfitaidsfitbehindtheearpletely,withanarrowtubeintotheearcanal,enablingthecanaltoremainopen.Thus,somepeoplepreferitbecausetheirownvoicedoesnotsound“pluggedup”.·Intheear(ITE)aidsfitpletelyinsidetheouterear.SomeITEaidsmayhaveaddedfeatures,suchasatelecoilthatallowsuserstoreceivesoundthroughthecircuitryofthehearingaid,ratherthanthroughitsmicrophone.?Canalaidsfitintotheearcanalandareavailableintwostyles.Inthecanal(ITC)aidsaremadetofitthesizeandshapeoftheearcanal.pletelyincanal(CIC)aidsarehiddenintheearcanal.Thehearingaidthatwillworkbestforyoudependsonyourhearingneedsandlifestyle.Priceisalsoakeyconsideration.However,justbecauseonehearingaidismoreexpensivethananotherdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatitwillbettersuityourneeds.Otherfeaturestoconsiderincludepartsorservicescoveredbytheguarantee,estimatedcostsforrepair,andthehearingaidpany’sreputationforqualityandservice.Formoreinformation,contact:nidcdinfo@.21.Whathelpsstrengthenthepowerofelectricalsignalsinahearingaid?A.Themicrophone. B.Theamplifier.C.Thespeaker. D.Thetelecoil.22.Ifpreferringahearingaidthatkeepstheearcanalopen,youcanchoose______.A.“Mini”BTE B.IntheearaidsC.Inthecanalaids D.pletelyincanalaids23.Tobuyasuitablehearingaid,youshould______.A.increaseyourestimatedcosts B.findtheonewithmorefeaturesC.giveintotheaftersaleservices D.consideryourneedsandlifestyle【答案】21.B22.A23.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了助聽(tīng)器的基本構(gòu)成和三種基本類型（BTE、ITE、Canalaids）以及適用人群、使用場(chǎng)景和價(jià)格等方面的信息?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Thehearingaidreceivessoundthroughamicrophone,whichchangesthesoundwavestoelectricalsignalsandsendsthemtoanamplifier.Theamplifierincreasesthepowerofthesignalsandsendsthemtotheearthroughaspeaker.(助聽(tīng)器通過(guò)麥克風(fēng)接收聲音，麥克風(fēng)將聲波轉(zhuǎn)換為電信號(hào)并將其發(fā)送到放大器。放大器增加信號(hào)的功率，并通過(guò)揚(yáng)聲器將它們送到耳朵)”可知，放大器有助于增強(qiáng)助聽(tīng)器內(nèi)電信號(hào)的強(qiáng)度。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段““Mini”BTEisanewkind.Thesesmallandopenfitaidsfitbehindtheearpletely,withanarrowtubeintotheearcanal,enablingthecanaltoremainopen.Thus,somepeoplepreferitbecausetheirownvoicedoesnotsound“pluggedup”.(“迷你”BTE是一種新型BTE。這些小而開(kāi)放的輔助設(shè)備完全適合耳后，有一個(gè)狹窄的管進(jìn)入耳道，使耳道保持開(kāi)放。因此，有些人喜歡它，因?yàn)樗麄冏约旱穆曇袈?tīng)起來(lái)不“堵塞”)”可知，如果更喜歡保持耳道開(kāi)放的助聽(tīng)器，你可以選擇“Mini”BTE。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Thehearingaidthatwillworkbestforyoudependsonyourhearingneedsandlifestyle.(最適合你的助聽(tīng)器取決于你的聽(tīng)力需求和生活方式)”可知，要購(gòu)買(mǎi)合適的助聽(tīng)器，你應(yīng)該考慮你的需求和生活方式。故選D項(xiàng)。BBrianPetersonhadjustmovedtoCalifornia.Outsidehisapartment,ahomelessmanwasoftenshoutingonthestreetcorner,sometimeskeepinghimawakeatnight.Petersonwouldpasstheguyonhiswaytowork,buttheyneverspoke.Oneday,PetersonwasreadingthebookLoveDoeswhenhewasdisturbedbythehomelessman.Inspiredbythebook’spassionate(有同情心的)message,Petersonmadeanunexpecteddecision:Hewasgoingtogooutsideandintroducehimself.ThehomelessmanwasMattFaris.He’dmovedtoCaliforniatopursueacareerinmusic,butheendeduplivingonthestreet.“Itwasthestrangestthingtome,”P(pán)etersonrecalled.“Isawbeautyonthefaceofamanwhohadn’tshavedortakenashowerinprobablyayear.Buthisstoryinspiredme.”AndeventhoughPeterson,anartschoolgraduate,hadn’tpaintedinabouteightyears,heaskedifhecouldpaintFaris’sportrait(肖像).Farissaidyes.ThisexperienceledPetersontoformFacesofSantaAna,anonprofitorganizationfocusedonbefriendingandpaintingportraitsofunhousedpeople.Petersonsellstheportraits,puttingtheineintowhathecallsa“l(fā)oveaccount”forhismodel.Hethenhelpspeopleusethemoneytogetbackontheirfeet.ManyofPeterson’snewfriendsusethedonationstosecureimmediatenecessities—medicalcarehotelrooms,andfood.Farisusedthefundsfromhisportraittorecordanalbum(專輯),realizinghismusicaldreams.Anothersubject,Sondoval,whohadneverbeenabletofinanciallysupportherdaughter,usedthemoneytopayherdaughter’srent.SinceFacesofSantaAnawasestablished,Petersonhaspainted41ofalltheportraits.Butthere’smoretothefinishedproductsthanthemoneytheybringtosomeonewho’sdownandout.He’sdiscoveredthatthebuyerstendtoconnecttothestoryofthepersoninthepainting,findingsimilaritiesandoftenfriendshipwithsomeonetheymighthaveotherwisestereotyped(持固有觀念)oroverlooked.“Peopleoftentellme,‘Iwastheonethatwouldcrossthestreet.ButIseehomelesspeopledifferentlynow,’”P(pán)etersonsays.“Ididn’tknowthatwouldhappen.”24.HowdidPetersonfeelaboutthehomelessmanafterreadingthebook?A.Annoyed. B.Amazed. C.Concerned. D.Confused.25.AftertalkingwithFaris,Petersondecidedto______.A.payforhisrent B.recordanalbumC.gotoanartschool D.painthisportrait26.HowdidPetersonhelpthehomeless?A.Hefoundedanonprofitorganization. B.Heboughtimmediatenecessitiesforthem.C.Hedonatedmoneytorelatedorganizations. D.Hetaughtthemhowtorealizetheirdreams.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Prejudiceblocksdreams. B.Wealthcanmakepeoplewise.C.Sympathycanbreakstereotypes. D.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.【答案】24.C25.D26.A27.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要講述了藝術(shù)家BrianPeterson如何通過(guò)肖像畫(huà)幫助無(wú)家可歸的人并改變他們的生活的感人故事?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Oneday,PetersonwasreadingthebookLoveDoeswhenhewasdisturbedbythehomelessman.Inspiredbythebook’spassionate(有同情心的)message,Petersonmadeanunexpecteddecision:Hewasgoingtogooutsideandintroducehimself.(一天，Peterson正在讀《愛(ài)的力量》，這時(shí)他被一個(gè)流浪漢打擾了。受到書(shū)中富有同情心的信息的啟發(fā)，Peterson做了一個(gè)意想不到的決定：他要出去介紹自己)”可知，Peterson之前一直對(duì)流浪漢的存在感到困擾，而讀完這本書(shū)，他受到了書(shū)中同情心理念的影響，決定走出去向流浪漢介紹自己，并最終幫助了流浪漢。由此可知，當(dāng)Peterson讀完書(shū)后，他對(duì)流浪漢充滿擔(dān)憂。故選C?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段““Itwasthestrangestthingtome,”P(pán)etersonrecalled.“Isawbeautyonthefaceofamanwhohadn’tshavedortakenashowerinprobablyayear.Buthisstoryinspiredme.”AndeventhoughPeterson,anartschoolgraduate,hadn’tpaintedinabouteightyears,heaskedifhecouldpaintFaris’sportrait(肖像).Farissaidyes(“這對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是最奇怪的事情，”P(pán)eterson回憶說(shuō)?！拔以谝粋€(gè)大概一年都沒(méi)刮胡子、沒(méi)洗澡的男人臉上看到了美。但他的故事激勵(lì)了我?！北M管畢業(yè)于藝術(shù)學(xué)院的Peterson已經(jīng)有八年沒(méi)有畫(huà)過(guò)畫(huà)了，但他還是問(wèn)能不能畫(huà)一下Faris的肖像。Faris答應(yīng)了)”可知，Peterson和Faris交流之后，決定為他畫(huà)一幅肖像畫(huà)。故選D?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“ThisexperienceledPetersontoformFacesofSantaAna,anonprofitorganizationfocusedonbefriendingandpaintingportraitsofunhousedpeople.(這段經(jīng)歷促使Peterson成立了“FacesofSantaAna”，這是一個(gè)非營(yíng)利組織，致力于幫助無(wú)家可歸的人，并為他們畫(huà)肖像)”可知，為了幫助無(wú)家可歸的人，Peterson成立了一個(gè)非營(yíng)利組織。故選A?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“He’sdiscoveredthatthebuyerstendtoconnecttothestoryofthepersoninthepainting,findingsimilaritiesandoftenfriendshipwithsomeonetheymighthaveotherwisestereotyped(持固有觀念)oroverlooked.(他發(fā)現(xiàn)，買(mǎi)家傾向于與畫(huà)中人物的故事聯(lián)系起來(lái)，找到相似之處，往往與他們?cè)究赡芸贪逵∠蠡蚝鲆暤娜私⒂颜x)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，通過(guò)畫(huà)肖像，Peterson幫助無(wú)家可歸的人打破了人們的固有觀念，讓他們感到被尊重和欣賞。由此推知，這所有的一切都是源于Peterson最初對(duì)流浪漢的同情心。故選C。C“WhenIstoppedinatourlocaltourismofficeinMontrealtoaskwheretheywouldremendvisitorstogotosmell,taste,andlistentothecity,Ijustreceivedblankstares.Theyonlyknowaboutthingstosee,notaboutthecity’sothersensoryattractions,itssoundmarksandsmellmarks,”saysHowes,thedirectorofSensoryStudies,agrowingfieldoftenreferredtoas“sensoryurbanism”.Aroundtheworld,researcherslikeHowesareinvestigatinghownonvisualinformationdefinesthecharacterofacityandaffectsitslivability.Usingmethodsrangingfromlowtechsoundwalkstodatacollecting,wearables(clothingorglassesthatcontainputertechnology),andvirtualreality,they’refightingwhattheyseeasalimitingvisualpreferenceinurbanplanning.“Justbeingabletocloseyoureyesfor10minutesgivesyouatotallydifferentfeelingaboutaplace,”saysOguz?ner,anacademicandmusician.HehasspentyearsorganizingsoundwalksinIstanbulwhereparticipantsdescribewhattheyhearatdifferentspotswiththeireyescovered.Hisresearchhasidentifiedlocationswhereawaveorgancouldbeconstructedtostrengthenthesoundsofthesea,somethinghewassurprisedtorealizepeoplecouldhardlyhear,evenalongthewaterfront.Althoughhisfindingshavenotbeenconsideredintolocalurbanplansyetthiskindofindividualfeedback(反饋)aboutthesensoryenvironmentisalreadybeingputtouseinBerlin,wherequietareasidentifiedbycitizensusingafreemobileapphavebeenincludedinthecity’slatestnoiseactionplan.Thebestwaytodeterminehowpeoplereacttodifferentsensoryenvironmentsisasubjectofsomedebatewithinthefield.Howesandhiscolleaguesareusingobservationandinterviewstodevelopasetofbestpracticesforgoodsensorydesigninpublicspaces.Otherresearchersaregoingmorehightech,usingwearablestotrackbiologicaldatalikeheartratevariabilitytorevealdifferentsensoryexperiences.Asdatacollectionaboutpeople’ssensoryexperiencesbeesmorewidespread,manyoftheseexpertswarnthatconcernsaboutprivacyandsurveillance(監(jiān)視)needtobetakenintoaccount.Issuesoffairnessandinclusionalsoeintoplaywhendeterminingwhosesensoryexperiencesarefactoredintoplanning.“Sensoryawarenessisnotindependentorsimplybiological;whetherwefindsomethingpleasantornothasbeenshapedculturallyandsocially,”saysMonicaDegen,anurbanculturalsociologistatBrunelUniversityLondon.DegencitestheexampleofaLondonneighborhoodwhereinexpensiverestaurantsforlocalyouthwerereplacedbytrendycafes.“Itusedtosmelllikefriedchicken,”shesays,butnewerresidentsfoundthatsmellannoyingratherthanweling.“NowitsmellslikethepopularItaliancoffee,cappuccinos.”28.Theunderlinedphrase“blankstares”inParagraph1impliesthat______.A.MontrealislackinginvisualappealB.Montreal’snonvisualinformationisignoredC.thetourismofficersobjecttosensoryurbanismD.therearetoomanytouristattractionstoremend29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Manymethodsareusedtolimitthevisualpreference.B.Potentialconcernsaboutcollectingdatacanberelieved.C.Peoplemayfailtonoticesoundattractionseveninbetterlocations.D.Individualfeedbackrestrictsthedevelopmentofsensoryenvironment.30.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.People’sperceptionsoftheirsensorysurroundingsaresubjective.B.Sensoryurbanismneedstofocusondevelopingsensoryfacilities.C.Sensoryexperienceisdominantinshapingthecharacterofacity.D.Choicesofsensoryattractionsinurbanplanningdependontourists.【答案】28.B29.C30.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章通過(guò)介紹研究者們?nèi)绾慰紤]城市中的感官體驗(yàn)來(lái)探討城市規(guī)劃中的一些新趨勢(shì)和挑戰(zhàn)。同時(shí)，文中也引用了多位專家的觀點(diǎn)和案例來(lái)支持作者的立論?！?8題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞組下文“Theyonlyknowaboutthingstosee,notaboutthecity’sothersensoryattractions,itssoundmarksandsmellmarks,”saysHowes,thedirectorofSensoryStudies,agrowingfieldoftenreferredtoas“sensoryurbanism”.(“他們只知道看的東西，不知道城市的其他感官景點(diǎn)，它的聲音和氣味，”感官研究主任豪斯說(shuō)。感官研究是一個(gè)不斷發(fā)展的領(lǐng)域，通常被稱為“感官城市主義”)”可知，很多人忽略了城市的其他感官景點(diǎn)，它的聲音和氣味，因此當(dāng)我在蒙特利爾當(dāng)?shù)氐穆糜无k公室停下來(lái)，詢問(wèn)他們會(huì)推薦游客去哪里聞、嘗、聽(tīng)這座城市的聲音時(shí)，我得到的只是茫然的目光。由此可知，劃線詞組blankstares是“茫然的目光”之意，意味著“蒙特利爾的非視覺(jué)信息被忽略了”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“HehasspentyearsorganizingsoundwalksinIstanbulwhereparticipantsdescribewhattheyhearatdifferentspotswiththeireyescovered.Hisresearchhasidentifiedlocationswhereawaveorgancouldbeconstructedtostrengthenthesoundsofthesea,somethinghewassurprisedtorealizepeoplecouldhardlyhear,evenalongthewaterfront.(多年來(lái)，他一直在伊斯坦布爾組織“聲音漫步”活動(dòng)，參與者蒙著眼睛描述他們?cè)诓煌攸c(diǎn)聽(tīng)到的聲音。他的研究已經(jīng)確定了可以建造波浪風(fēng)琴的地點(diǎn)，以增強(qiáng)海浪的聲音，他驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使在海濱，人們也幾乎聽(tīng)不到海浪的聲音)”可推知，即使在更好的地方，人們也可能不會(huì)注意到聲音的吸引力。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Issuesoffairnessandinclusionalsoeintoplaywhendeterminingwhosesensoryexperiencesarefactoredintoplanning.“Sensoryawarenessisnotindependentorsimplybiological;whetherwefindsomethingpleasantornothasbeenshapedculturallyandsocially,”saysMonicaDegen,anurbanculturalsociologistatBrunelUniversityLondon.(公平性和包容性的問(wèn)題也在決定誰(shuí)的感官體驗(yàn)被納入規(guī)劃時(shí)發(fā)揮了作用?！案泄僖庾R(shí)不是獨(dú)立的，也不是簡(jiǎn)單的生物；我們是否覺(jué)得某件事令人愉快，是由文化和社會(huì)塑造的，”倫敦布魯內(nèi)爾大學(xué)(BrunelUniversityLondon)的城市文化社會(huì)學(xué)家莫妮卡·德根(MonicaDegen)說(shuō))”可推知，人們對(duì)感官環(huán)境的感知是主觀的。故選A項(xiàng)。DInthe1770s,anEnglishdoctorcalledEdwardJennergavehisgardener’ssoncowpox(牛痘)andthendeliberatelyinfectedhimwithsmallpox(天花)totesthisassumptionthatpeoplewhowerefrequentlyexposedtocowpox,asimilarbutlessseverevirus,wouldavoidcatchingsmallpox.Itworkedandcowpoxasthevaccine(疫苗)washighlyeffective.“Vaccination”,fromtheLatinwordforcow,soonbecamemonplace.Challengetrialsareformsofresearchwhere,ratherthanrelyingondatafromnaturalinfections,weintentionallyexposesomeonetoadiseaseinordertotesttheeffectivenessofavaccineortreatment.ThingshavechangedalotsinceJenner’stime,ofcourse,whenitwasnotunmonfordoctorstoconductthiskindofresearch.Evenso,there’sthecontinuoussensethatthere’ssomethingimmoralaboutmakingsomeoneillonpurpose.Butthisshouldn’tblindustotheextraordinarypowerofchallengetrials.Theycouldbeeincreasinglyimportantweaponsinthemedicalresearch,inasituationwherevaccinetechnologyisadvancingandthethreatofdiseasesjumpingfromanimalsintohumanbeingsisincreasing.Muchhasbeendonetoreducetherisksofchallengetrials.Likerespiratorysyncytialvirus(RSV),researchershaveinvolvedadultswhoareatalowriskofsevereillness.Theseactshavealreadycutdownamassiverangeofvaccinecandidates.Withtheirhelp,theworldwillsoonhavethefirstvaccinesagainstRSV,whichkillstensofthousandsofnewbornbabieseachyear.Butnotalldiseasesareliketheseones.Wedon’talwaysknowthedangersvolunteersmightface;wedon’talwayshavetreatmentsready.Whatthen?Wecould,ofcourse,justavoidthesequestionsentirely,andrelyonothertypesofresearch.Butthatdoesn’talwayswork:sometimes,animaltestingistrickyanduninformative,becausethediseasedoesn‘tdevelopinthesamewayasitwouldinhumans.Incontrast,challengetrialscanbedeeplyinformativewithinweeks,withfarfewervolunteers.Andthebenefitscanbesurprisinglyhigh.Takethelatestpandemic.Attheendoflastyear,asthenumberofdeathsisestimatedtohavereachedabout17.8million,it’salsoestimatedthat20millionhadbeensavedbyvaccines.Intheyearstoe,theywillhopefullysavemillionsmore.Inordertomakesureweareasprotectedaspossiblefromcurrentandfuturethreats,weshouldtrytogetridofthemisbeliefinchallengetrials,makingthemamorefamiliarpartofourtoolkits.Perhapsthegreatestrewardofallwouldbetomakesureparticipants’effortsareworthwhile:bydesigningtrialstobefairandeffectiveandapplyingthemwhenandwheretheymightmakearealdifference.Inshort,byhelpingthemtosavethousands,ifnotmillionsoflives.31.TheauthortellsthestoryofEdwardJennermainlyto______.A.giveadefinitionofchallengetrialsB.introducethetopicofchallengetrialsC.highlighttheeffectivenessofhisvaccineD.explaintheoriginoftheword“vaccination”32.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Theissuesbehindchallengetrialscanbesolved.B.Thedangersofchallengetrialsoutweighthebenefitstheybring.C.Challengetrialscanbenefitnumerouslivesinspiteoftheirrisks.D.Challengetrialscansetbackthedevelopmentofvaccinetechnologies.33.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A.Peopleshouldstillbecarefulaboutchallengetrials.B.Amoreopenattitudeshouldbetakentowardschallengetrials.C.Challengetrialsguaranteeparticipantsprotectionagainstthreats.D.Morevolunteersinvolvedcanimprovetheaccuracyofchallengetrials.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Shouldweusechallengetrialstofindcures?B.Canchallengetrialsbeablocktomedicalprogress?C.Canchallengetrialsbetheendofinfectiousdiseases?D.Shouldwereplaceanimaltestingwithchallengetrials?【答案】31.B32.C33.B34.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。它提供了關(guān)于醫(yī)學(xué)研究中挑戰(zhàn)試驗(yàn)的信息，并闡述了挑戰(zhàn)試驗(yàn)的優(yōu)勢(shì)和重要性。通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)明扼要地介紹，以及使用有據(jù)可查的數(shù)據(jù)和案例，解釋挑戰(zhàn)試驗(yàn)在醫(yī)學(xué)研究中的用途和潛在效益?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Inthe1770s,anEnglishdoctorcalledEdwardJennergavehisgardener’ssoncowpox(牛痘)andthendeliberatelyinfectedhimwithsmallpox(天花)totesthisassumptionthatpeoplewhowerefrequentlyexposedtocowpox,asimilarbutlessseverevirus,wouldavoidcatchingsmallpox.(18世紀(jì)70年代，一位名叫愛(ài)德華·詹納(EdwardJenner)英國(guó)醫(yī)生讓他的園丁的兒子染上牛痘，然后故意讓他感染天花，以檢驗(yàn)他的假設(shè)，即經(jīng)常接觸牛痘(一種類似但不那么嚴(yán)重的病毒)的人會(huì)避免感染天花)”以及第二段“Challengetrialsareformsofresearchwhere,ratherthanrelyingondatafromnaturalinfections,weintentionallyexposesomeonetoadiseaseinordertotesttheeffectivenessofavaccineortreatment.(挑戰(zhàn)試驗(yàn)是一種研究形式，我們不是依靠自然感染的數(shù)據(jù)，而是故意讓某人接觸某種疾病，以測(cè)試疫苗或治療的有效性)”可知，作者講述愛(ài)德華·詹納的故事是為了介紹挑戰(zhàn)試驗(yàn)的話題。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Evenso,there’sthecontinuoussensethatthere’ssomethingimmoralaboutmakingsomeoneillonpurpose.(即便如此，人們?nèi)匀徽J(rèn)為故意讓別人生病是不道德的)”以及第三段“Butthisshouldn’tblindustotheextraordinarypowerofchallengetrials.Theycouldbeeincreasinglyimportantweaponsinthemedicalresearch,inasituationwherevaccinetechnologyisadvancingandthethreatofdiseasesjumpingfromanimalsintohumanbeingsisincreasing.(但這不應(yīng)該讓我們忽視挑戰(zhàn)試驗(yàn)的非凡力量。在疫苗技術(shù)不斷進(jìn)步、疾病從動(dòng)物傳染給人類的威脅日益增加的情況下，它們可能成為醫(yī)學(xué)研究中越來(lái)越重要的武器)”可知，盡管有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但挑戰(zhàn)試驗(yàn)可以使許多生命受益。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Inordertomakesureweareasprotectedaspossiblefromcurrentandfuturethreats,weshouldtrytogetridofthemisbeliefinchallengetrials,makingthemamorefamiliarpartofourtoolkits.Perhapsthegreatestrewardofallwouldbetomakesureparticipants’effortsareworthwhile:bydesigningtrialstobefairandeffectiveandapplyingthemwhenandwheretheymightmakearealdifference.Inshort,byhelpingthemtosavethousands,ifnotmillionsoflives.(為了確保我們盡可能免受當(dāng)前和未來(lái)的威脅，我們應(yīng)該努力消除對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)試驗(yàn)的誤解，使其成為我們工具箱中更為常見(jiàn)的一部分。也許最大的回報(bào)將是確保參與者的努力是值得的：通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)公平、有效的試驗(yàn)，并在可能產(chǎn)生真正差異的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)應(yīng)用這些試驗(yàn)。簡(jiǎn)而言之，通過(guò)幫助他們拯救成千上萬(wàn)，甚至數(shù)百萬(wàn)人的生命)”可知，本文作者想告訴我們對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)試驗(yàn)應(yīng)采取更開(kāi)放的態(tài)度。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Challengetrialsareformsofresearchwhere,ratherthanrelyingondatafromnaturalinfections,weintentionallyexposesomeonetoadiseaseinordertotesttheeffectivenessofavaccineortreatment.ThingshavechangedalotsinceJenner’stime,ofcourse,whenitwasnotunmonfordoctorstoconductthiskindofresearch.Evenso,there’sthecontinuoussensethatthere’ssomethingimmoralaboutmakingsomeoneillonpurpose.(挑戰(zhàn)試驗(yàn)是一種研究形式，我們不是依靠自然感染的數(shù)據(jù)，而是故意讓某人接觸某種疾病，以測(cè)試疫苗或治療的有效性。當(dāng)然，與詹納的時(shí)代相比，情況發(fā)生了很大變化，當(dāng)時(shí)醫(yī)生進(jìn)行這類研究并不罕見(jiàn)。即便如此，人們?nèi)匀徽J(rèn)為故意讓別人生病是不道德的)”以及縱觀全文可知，本文講述了盡管有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但挑戰(zhàn)試驗(yàn)可以使許多生命受益，并且目前已采取很多方法來(lái)降低這種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，呼吁人們對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)試驗(yàn)應(yīng)采取更開(kāi)放的態(tài)度。所以A項(xiàng)“Shouldweusechallengetrialstofindcures?”是本文最好的標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Manyofussetgoals,butsometimeswefail