2023學年完整公開課版同位語從句

——nounclauseastheappositiveGrammarNotes一、同位語從句的概念二、同位語從句的引導詞三、其后常用同位語從句的名詞四、同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別同位語從句

同位語從句，即從句在句中作主語或賓語的同位語，是對句子主語或賓語的解釋、說明。e.g.Weheardthenews

thatourteamhadwon.Thefact

thatthetransportofthegoodscoststoomuch

wasnotdiscussed.Sydneykepthispromise

thathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucietomakesureofherhappiness.同位語從句的引導詞常用that,wh-,how等。e.g.Ihavenoidea

whenhewillbeback.howhecangetthetreasure.wheretheconcertwillbehold.whocanfinishthework.whyithappened.whichpenismine.whatweshoulddonext.whomtheyaretalkingabout.whetherit’llraintomorrow.thatourfootballteamwonthegame.

其后常用同位語從句的名詞主要是抽象名詞，如：belief,doubt,fact,hope,idea,news,possibility,thought,message,problem,promise,

等等。同位語從句與定語從句區(qū)別:

1.從詞類上區(qū)別

同位語從句前面的名詞只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定內涵的名詞，而定語從句的先行詞可以是名詞,代詞,主句的一部分或是整個主句。

Hetoldmethenews

thathewouldcomehomefromabroadsoon.

Wordcamethathehadbeenabroad.

據說他已經出國了。

Ourteamhaswonthegame,whichmadeusveryhappy.

我們的隊贏了,這讓我們很高興。

(定語從句)

(同位語從句)

2.從性質上區(qū)別

定語從句是從句對其先行詞的修飾或限制,屬于形容詞性從句的范疇;而同位語從句是從句對前面抽象名詞的進一步的說明和解釋,屬于名詞性從句的范疇，如:

Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue.

我們隊贏了那場比賽的消息是真的。

(同位語從句,補充說明news到底是一個什么消息)

Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue.

昨天他告訴我的那個消息是真的。

(定語從句,news在從句中作told的賓語)

3.從引導詞及其在句子中的成分上區(qū)別

有些引導詞如how,whether,what可以引導同位語從句,但不能引導定語從句。如:Thatquestionwhetherweneedithasnotbeenconsidered.

我們是否需要它這個問題還沒有考慮。

(同位語從句)引導詞that引導定語從句時,在從句中一般作主語或賓語(指物時還可以用which代替),并且作賓語時常常省略，that在同位語從句中僅起連接作用,不充當任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which來代替，如:

Theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.

我們應派幾個人去幫別的幾個小組的命令昨天收到了。

(同位語從句,是對order的具體解釋,that雖不作成分,但不能省略)

Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.

我們昨天收到的命令是我們應該派幾個人去幫助別的幾個小組。

(定語從句,是名詞order的修飾語,that在從句中作received的賓語,可以省略)

同位語從句的簡易判斷方法同位語從句與其先行詞在邏輯上是“主語+be+表語”的同位語關系。所以，可以在名詞和從句之間加系動詞be，使之構成一個新句子，如果合乎邏輯，句子通順，則原句為同位語從句；定語從句是不能夠用系表結構把先行詞與從句連接起來的。Thebeliefthattheearthisflatisstillheldinsomecountries.Thebeliefisthattheearthisflat.II.判斷下列哪些含有同位語從句，哪些含有定語從句。①Thenewsthatwehadsuccessfullysentupanothercommunicationsatellitespreadthroughouttheworld.②That’sthebestpieceofnewsI’veheard.同定③Isthereanyhopethathewillbehomeat7?④Idon’tunderstandthehopethatmyparentshadonme.同定⑤Thepossibilitythatyoureferredtodoesn’texistatall.⑥ThereisastrongpossibilitythatwemaybeinFranceforthenextweek.同定1.Thenews____hetoldusyesterdayisnottrue,butthenews____ourteamhaswonthematchistrue.A./;thatB.that;/C.that;whichD.that;whoA2.Youcanonlybesureof____youhaveatpresent;youcannotbesureofsomething____youmightgetinthefuture.A.what;/B.that;whatC.which;thatD./;thatA3.Thequestionoccurredtome____thebookwasworthreading.A.whatB.whetherC.whichD.ifB

4.Oneofthemenheldtheview___thebooksaidwasright.A.thatB.whatthatC.thatwhatD.whether

that引導同位語從句，補充說明view;what引導主語從句并在同位語從句中作主語。C

5.Enginestomachines____heartsaretoanimals.

A.asB.whichC.thatD.what

6.Theorder____theprisoner