2023學(xué)年完整公開課版原創(chuàng)1：Grammar

Unit2Cloning

人教版選修八Grammar語法精解(一)1.同位語theAppositive

同位語是句子成分的一種,它位于名詞、代詞后面,

說明它們的性質(zhì)和情況,它可以由名詞、代詞、名

詞性短語或從句充當(dāng)。同位語的表現(xiàn)形式有以下幾種：(1)名詞Tom,ourmonitor,isahandsomeboy.(2)代詞Imyselfwilldotheexperiment.(3)數(shù)詞Sheistheoldestamongthemsix.(4)從句

Hetoldmethenewsthattheplanehadexploded.

他告訴我飛機(jī)爆炸的消息。(5)由suchas,thatis引導(dǎo)

Somesubjects,suchasmathsandphysics,areverydifficulttolearn.

某些學(xué)科,例如數(shù)學(xué)和物理,是很難學(xué)的。(6)由of引導(dǎo)

ThecityofBeijinghasbeengreatlychangedsince2000.自從2000年以來,北京市發(fā)生了很大的變化。(7)由or引導(dǎo)

Thefreezingtemperature,orfreezingpoint,isthetemperatureatwhichwaterfreezesunderordinarypressure.

結(jié)冰溫度即冰點(diǎn),是水在常壓下結(jié)冰時(shí)的溫度。一.指出下例句子劃線部分是什么句子成份。1.ThereisgoingtobeaChinesefilmtonight.()2.SheistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.()配套練習(xí)(一)表語謂語3.Herwishistobecomeateacher.()4.He,mybrother,managedtofinishtheworkintime.()5.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.()表語同位語狀語6.WefounditimportanttolearnEnglish.()7.Doyouhaveanythingelsetowash?()8.Tobehonest,yourwritingisn’tsogood.()形式賓語定語插入語9.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyourname?()10.Theynoticedamanentertheroom.()間接賓語、直接賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語Myperformanceinthedrivingtestdidn’treachtherequiredstandard,___,Ifailed.A.intheend B.afterallC.inotherwords D.atthesametime二.單項(xiàng)填空。C2.Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,___Iwillalwaystreasure.A.that B.one C.itD.whatB1.OnmywayhomeImetanoldfriendofmy.2.Theypaidnoattentiontothedoctor’sadvicetheyshouldstopsmoking.三.單句改錯第二個(gè)my改為mine在they前加that2.同位語從句theAppositiveclause(1)同位語從句的定義在復(fù)合句中用作同位語的從句稱為同位語從句。同位語從句是名詞性從句的一種。它在句中起同位語的作用。語法精解(二)它一般放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt,promise,question等名詞的后面,對前面的名詞作進(jìn)一步的解釋,說明前面名詞的具體含義。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞有連詞that,連接副詞how,when,where,whether,

what等。e.g.Thehope

thathemayrecoverisnotgoneyet.

Theproblem

whetherweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasbeensolved.Ihavenoidea

whenhewillcomeback.同位語從句有時(shí)被別的詞把它和名詞隔開：注意:ThestorygoesthatWilliamTellkilledthekingwithanarrow.Wordcamethattheirteamhadwon.⑵同位語從句的表現(xiàn)形式:①由that引導(dǎo)

Thefactthatyouhaven’tenoughtimetodothe

workissimplyunbelievable.Thehopethathemaycomehereisnotgoneyet.ThenewsthathehasbeenelectedpresidentoftheUnitedStatesistrue.Thetruththatheavyobjectsandlightobjectsfallatthesamespeedisknowntoall.Theproblemthatshelaterdevelopedaseriouslungdiseasebotheredscientists.②由whether引導(dǎo)

Thequestionwhetherweneedmoretimetodothe

workhasnotbeendiscussed.③由when引導(dǎo)

Ihavenoideawhentheywillgo.⑶有時(shí)可用

namely

(即),thatistosay(也就是說),inotherwords(換句話說),thatis(那就是),forexample

等引出同位語,說明其前面的名詞或代詞。有時(shí)同位語直接跟在名詞或代詞的后面。Hetoldusthegoodnews,namely,themuseumisopentoall.ThereisonlyonewayofimprovingyourEnglish,thatis,topracticemore.AltogetherDollyhadlivedforsixyears,halfthelengthofthelifeoftheoriginalsheep.⑷同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別:

同位語從句與定語從句在使用中常?；煜?我們可以

從以下幾個(gè)方面區(qū)別它們:①同位語從句說明的名詞大都是抽象名詞;

定語從句所修飾、限定的名詞或代詞有抽象的也有不

抽象的。WeexpressthehopethattheywillcometovisitChinaagain.(同位語從句)Thosewhowanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.(定語從句)②

同位語從句所說明的名詞與從句沒有邏輯關(guān)系；

定語從句所限定的名詞是從句邏輯上的主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語等。Thenewsthattheywonthematchistrue.(同位語從句,news和從句沒有邏輯關(guān)系)Thenewsthatyoutoldusyesterdayistrue.(定語從句,news是told的邏輯賓語)Theorderwhenweshouldgobackhasn’treachedus.(同位語從句,order和從句沒有邏輯關(guān)系)ThedaywhenNewChinawasfoundedwillneverbeforgotten.(定語從句,day是founded

的邏輯狀語)③同位語從句主要由連接詞that引導(dǎo),有時(shí)也可用when,where,who,whether等引導(dǎo);

定語從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。

Thenheraisedthequestionwheretheyweretogetthemachineneeded.Doyouknowtheplacewherehewasborn?④引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞不可省略;

引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)?？墒÷浴?/p>

Thenewsthathehasbeenelectedmonitorofourclassistrue.Thenews(that)hetoldmeisexciting.⑤

同位語從句與先行詞一般可變成一個(gè)完整句子,謂語動詞用be的不同形式。

Heheardthenewsthattheirteamhadwon.

此句可以變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)表語從句:

Thenewswasthattheirteamhadwon.練習(xí)TwofifthsofallgirlsinAmericaareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.Thefact

thattwofifthsofallgirlsinAmericaareonadiet

worriestheirparentsandteachersalot.把下面兩個(gè)句子連成一個(gè)含同位語從句的復(fù)合句。2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonafour-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight.Weheardthenewslastnight

thattheQueenofEnglandwasonafour-dayvisitinchina.3.Teenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline.

/ManyChineseparentsholdtheview.ManyChineseparentsholdtheview

thatteenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline.4.Timetravelispossible./Wehavenoscientificprooffortheidea.Wehavenoscientificprooffortheidea

thattimetravelispossible.5.Studentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople.Thesuggestion

thatstudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime

iswelcomedbymanypeople.6.Wedon’tthinkyoutwohavemetbefore.

我們想你們兩位以前沒有見過面。

(賓語從句)翻譯句子,并說明這個(gè)名詞性從句的作用。7.ItiscertainthatJohnwilldowell

inhisexam.

約翰肯定會考好。

(主語從句)8.Whethertheyarecomingornotdon’tmattertoomuch.

他們來不來無關(guān)緊要。

(主語從句)9.Nowiswhenweneedhimmost.

現(xiàn)在是我們最需要他的時(shí)候。

(表語從句)10.Ihavenoideahowshegotthroughtheforest.

我不知道她是如何穿過那個(gè)森林的。

(同位語從句)11.Thefactthattheywontheprizemadeushappy.

他們獲獎的事實(shí)令我們高興。

(同位語從句)用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接代詞或連接副詞填空。12.Ican’tdecide_____bookIshouldbuy.13.Chinaisnolonger____

itusedtobe.14.Iamveryinterestedin____heimprovedhisEnglishinsuchashorttime.15.____weneedismoremoney.whichwhathowWhat16.Thetruth___theearthturnsaroundthesunisknowntous.17._____and_____

wewillmeethasnotbeendecidedyet.thatWhenwhere用名詞性從句完成下列句子。18.Thenews_____________________________________________________(她通過了高考)isexciting.19.Mikemadeapromise__________________________________(他將幫助我學(xué)習(xí)英語)thatshehaspassedthenationalcollegeentranceexaminationthathewouldhelpmewithmyEnglish.指出劃線部分是什么從句。20.ThefactthatGreatBritainismadeupthree

countriesisknowntous.21.Thecontinentthatconsistsoftwocountriesisdevelopingveryfast.(同位語從句)(定語從句)22.Thenewsthattheplanewilltakeoffontimemakeseverybodyhappy.23.Thenewsthatisspreadingaroundthecountry

isthataheavystormiscoming.(同位語從句)(定語從句,表語從句)24.Thesuggestionthatweshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.(同位語從句)25.Oneofthemheldtheview_____thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhatC.thatD.whether單項(xiàng)填空26.Thereason___hehastogois___hismotherisillinbed.A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because27.Theyreceivedorders___theworkbedonerightaway.A.whichB.thatC./D.when28.Ihavenoidea_______.A.howtodoB.whenshallwestartoutforthetripC.whathashappenedtomywifeD.howmuchhavetheyearned29.Ithink___certainthatshewilldowellinherexam.A.thatB.thisisC.itD.what’s30.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome____Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where31.He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation__hewaslikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.