初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞 全考點(diǎn)詳解全套

初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法—人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞-全考點(diǎn)詳解一、人稱代詞1.人稱代詞指代人或物，分為主格和賓格。主格在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)；賓格在句中充當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)、介詞的賓語(yǔ)。2.人稱代詞的順序當(dāng)多個(gè)人稱代詞并用時(shí)，單數(shù)你他我，復(fù)數(shù)一二三，道歉我為先。如：You,heandIare18./We,youandtheyarefromChina.3.it的用法（1）it除了用來(lái)代替上文所提到的事物外，還可用來(lái)表示時(shí)間、天氣、距離、季節(jié)等。如：-How'stheweathertoday?-It'ssunny.（2）可代替動(dòng)詞不定式作句中的形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)。It's+adj./n.(forsb./ofsb.)+todosth.(it作形式主語(yǔ))；sb.find(s)/think(s)it+adj.+todosth.(it作形式賓語(yǔ))。如：It'snecessaryforustolearnEnglishwell.Shefounditdifficulttolearngeography.二、物主代詞物主代詞分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。1.形容詞性物主代詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞，不能單獨(dú)使用。如：Thisisherdictionary.2.名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于"形容詞性物主代詞+名詞"，句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，可與of所有格連用。如：Thisdictionaryishers./Sheisafriendofmine.三、反身代詞反身代詞表示"某人自己的"。句中可用作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)，也可用作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。反身代詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)律是：第一、二人稱的反身代詞是形容詞性物主代詞+self/selves；第三人稱的反身代詞是人稱代詞賓格+self/selves。2.反身代詞的某些固定搭配：（1）byoneself獨(dú)自（2）enjoyoneself過(guò)得愉快（3）helpyourself/yourselvestosth.隨便吃（4）dressoneself給自己穿衣服（5）believeinoneself相信自己（6）talk/saytooneself自言自語(yǔ)/心里想（7）lookafteroneself照顧自己（8）hurtoneself受傷（9）leaveonebyoneself把某人單獨(dú)留下（10）teachoneself/learnbyoneself自學(xué)四、指示代詞1.常用的指示代詞有this，that，these和those。this和these指在時(shí)間或空間上較近的事物或人。that和those則指時(shí)間和空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物或人。如：Thisisapenandthatisapencil./Wearebusythesedays./Inthosedaystheworkershadahardtime.2.有時(shí)that和those指前面講到過(guò)的事物；this和these則是指后面將要講到的事物。如：Ihadacold.That'swhyIdidn'tcome.3.有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)提到的名詞，?？捎胻hat或those代替前面提到的名詞。如：ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofAustralia./Theapplesonthistreearebiggerthanthoseonthattree.4.this在電話用語(yǔ)中代表自己，that則代表對(duì)方。如：Hello!ThisisMaryspeaking./IsthatJackspeaking?五、疑問(wèn)代詞疑問(wèn)代詞有who,whom,whose,what和which。疑問(wèn)代詞引導(dǎo)的問(wèn)句為特殊疑問(wèn)句，位于句首。注意：who通常對(duì)表示人的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)提問(wèn)，whom對(duì)表示人的賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn)。六、練習(xí)(一）根據(jù)句意，用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，使句子意思完整。1．_____(his)teachesusgeographythisterm.2.Let'sgoandtell_____(our)aboutit.3.Didtheyenjoy_____(their）inBeijinglastweek?4.Are_____(this)yourparents?5.Thisclassroomis_____(they).6.Shehasn'tbrought_____(she)textbookwithheryet.7.Thebirdhashurt_____(it)leftleg.8.--Whosetapesarethose?--Theyare_____(I).9.--Whatalovelycard!Wheredidyoubuyit?--Imadeitby_____(me).10."Help_____（you）tosomechicken,"TomandHenry.（二）句子翻譯。1.你最新哪一個(gè)學(xué)科？2.這些蠟筆是誰(shuí)的？3.她正在學(xué)校門口等誰(shuí)？4.海南的天氣比大連的天氣熱。5.我能照顧我自己，盡管它對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)不容易。6.我們的教室比他們的大多了。7.南京今天天氣怎么樣？多云。8.每天拼寫和大聲朗讀生詞是個(gè)好主意。9.這條連衣裙不是她的。10.相信我們自己很重要。*練習(xí)參考答案(一）1.He2.her3.themselves4.these5.theirs6.her7.its8.mine9.myself10.yourselves（二）1.Whichsubjectdoyoulikebest?2.Whosecrayonsarethese?/Whosearethesecrayons?3.Whom/Whoisshewaitingforattheschoolgate?4.TheweatherinHainanishotterthanthatinDalian.5.Icanlookafter/takecareofmyselfalthoughit'snoteasyforme.6.Ourclassroomismuchbiggerthantheirs.7.What'stheweatherlikeinNanjingtoday?/HowistheweatherinNanjingtoday?