考研英語閱讀模擬245

［模擬］考研英語閱讀模擬245

多項(xiàng)選擇

TeacherintheSky

OnMay30,1974,theworld，sfirstdirectbroadcastsatellite

wassentintoorbitfromCapeKennedyinthestateofFlorida.Thusbegan

anewera,oneofdirectcommunicationbysatellitewithinexpensivehome

receivers.NamedtheATS-6,thedirectbroadcastsatellitewasthe

realizationofaconceptforasatellitecommunicationsnetworkthatwas

firstproposedin1945.

HowistheATS-6used?AvisittoasmallclassroominTubaCity,

Arizona,willgiveusanideaofthepracticalapplicationofdirect

communicationbysatelliteinaneducationalsituation.Agroupof

studentswaitfortheirlessonfromspace.BesidesthegroupinTubaCity,

approximately5,000studentsineightstatesand55otherisolated

communitieslocatedinthesouthwesternareaoftheU.S.arealsowaiting

fortheirlessonfromspace.

Theteachermakesthenecessaryadjustmentsonthetelevision

receiverandthestudentsturntheirattentiontotheTVscreen.Thefirst

lesson,“PlanningaCareerin20thCenturyAmerica,“isabouttobegin.

Astheimage,beamedlivefromATS-6,formsonthescreen,56widely

separatedclassroomsbecomeone一electronically.

OntheroofoftheTubaCityschoolandonotherroofsthroughout

thesouthwesternUnitedStatesathree-meterhighfiberglassantennais

pointedtowardthesouthernskyandthesatellite,whichisinstationary

orbit36,000kilometersabovetheGalapagosIslands.

TheATS-6isthefirstspacecrafttobeequippedwitha

nine-meterantenna.OrientedtowardtheEarthfromanaltitudeof36,000

kilometers,theantennafocusesthewiderangeofelectromagnetic

frequenciesthatATS-6cantransmittowardverysmallstationsonthe

ground.Theantennacanalsocollectrelativelyweaktransmissionsfrom

thegroundstations.Thus,thecostandcomplexityofgroundequipment

isloweredanditsavailabilitytoaverageusersisincreased.

InordertotakefulladvantageofthecapabilitiesofATS-6,

anumberofU.S.governmentagenciesworkedtogethertoconceiveand

implementcooperativeprojectsfordirectexperimentalbroadcasts.Inthe

main,theplanscalledforbroadcastsofeducationalandhealth

informationtosmallcommunitiesspreadacross1,485,000square

kilometersoftheUnitedStates.Mostofthesecommunitieshadno

televisionprogramsatalluntiltheATS-6suppliedthem.

Otherexperimentsrangedfromteachertrainingviadirect

school-to-schoolsatelliteconferencestotheexchangeofhealthdata

i

betweenveterans，hospitalsviaindividualhospitalantennas.ATS-6was

beingusedessentially24hoursadayinsuchexplorationoftheuses,

techniques,andproblemsofthisrevolutionarytool.

Besidesthesatellite,theprincipalcomponentofthenew

satelliteeducationprogramisthesmall,speciallydesigned,low-cost

groundstation.Thegroundstationsarecompletelysolid-statein

construction,verysimpletooperateandmaintainandmodularindesign.

Theinterchangeabilityofpacts,plug-inmaintenance,andmodulardesign

weredevelopedbyfourU.S.corporationsandaretheheartoflow-cost

accessforalluserstodirectsatellitetransmissions.

----fromShort

ReadingsinScience

Time:494words=wpm

__________Minutes

第1題：

Theideaofthepracticalapplicationofdirectcommunicationbysatellite

wasfirstintroduced_______.

A.in1974

B.whenATS-6waslaunchedfromCapeKennedy

C.in1945

D.byasmallclassinTubaCity

參考答案：C

答案解析：

第2題：

InasmallclassroominTubaCity,studentsarewaitingfortheirlesson

fromspace—alessontaughtbyateacherin.

A.theATS-6

B.aspacestation

C.theTVstudioinTubaCity

D.afar-offplace,thesignalsofwhicharetransmittedbytheATS-6

參考答案：D

答案解析：

第3題：

Theword“teacher”inthefirstlineofparagraph3mostprobablyrefers

2

totheonewho.

A.isonlyresponsibleforcoachingthestudentsofhisclass

B.istogivethelesson

C.isresponsibleforadjustingtheTVreceiver

D.isinacommunicationssatellite

參考答案：C

答案解析：

第4題：

Asthelessonisbroadcastlive,56separatedclassesbecomeoneinthe

sensethattheyall.

A.listentothesameteacher

B.liveinthesouthwesternpartoftheU.S.

C.majorinthesamesubject

D.learntheirlessonsatthesameplace

參考答案：A

答案解析：

第5題：

WecanlearnfromthepassagethattheGalapagosIslandsaretothe

oftheSouthwesternUnitedStates.

A.north

B.south

C.northeast

D.northwest

參考答案：B

答案解析：

第6題：

ItcanbeinferredthattheATS-6.

A.circlestheearthataspeedfasterthantheearth，srotationspeed

B.orbitstheearthatthesamespeedastheearth，srotationspeed

C.goesaroundtheearthataspeedlowerthantheearth，srotation

speed

D.revolvesaroundtheearthatanirregularspeed

參考答案：B

答案解析：

3

第7題：

TheantennaonATS-6canplayeitherofthefollowingtworoleswhenneeded:

A.tosendoutelectromagneticwavestowardgroundstations,orreceive

signalsfromthem

B.toreducethecostandcomplexityofgroundequipment,orincrease

theavailabilityofsatellitecommunicationstoaverageusers

C.tocollectrelativelyweaktransmissionsfromthegroundstations

orconverttheelectromagneticsignalsintopictures

D.tofocusthewiderangeofelectromagneticfrequenciestransmitted

towardATS-6onthegroundorsendoutrelativelyweaksignalstowardthe

groundstations

參考答案：A

答案解析：

第8題：

TheATS-6wasworkingona24-hourbasis,broadcastingprograms.

A.commercial

B.experimental

C.educationalandhealth-information

D.recreational

參考答案：C

答案解析：

第9題：

Thispassageismainlyabout.

A.theATS-6anditsgroundstations

B.experimentsontheATS-6

C.multi-purposecommunicationbytheATS-6

D.thedirectcommunicationbysatelliteineducationaldepartments

參考答案：D

答案解析：

FreshWaterfromtheSea

Three-quartersoftheworldiscoveredwithwater.Butonly

threepercentofthiswaterisfresh.Alltherestissalt,andfillsthe

4

oceansandthegreatinlandseas.

Water,watereverywhere

Noranydroptodrink.

Thesefamouslineswerewrittenbytheeighteenth-century

EnglishwriterColeridgeaboutaseamanwhowasleftallaloneonawide,

wideocean.

Infact,untilrecently,seawaterhasbeenofverylittlevalue

toman.Butnow,atlast,engineersarediscoveringthatitcanbevery

valuableindeed.Ithasbeensuggestedthatitscurrentscouldbeused

tomakeelectricity.TheFrenchhaveproventhatthisispossible.They

arealreadyusingthecurrentsofarivermouthinBrittanytomake

electricity.Ithasalsobeensuggestedthatseasidecitiesshoulduse

seawaterforcleaningpurposes.Butengineerssaythatthecostwould

betoogreat.Specialmachinesandpipeswouldbeneeded.

Itisthesaltwhichmakesseawateruselesstoman.Ifyoutake

thesaltawaythewatercanbeusedfordrinkingandforwateringplants.

Itisverysimpletoseparatethesaltfromthewater.Youcoulddoit

veryeasilyinyourownkitchen.

Takesomeseawaterandheatit；intheenditwillturntosteam.

Catchthesteaminaplasticbagormetalcontainer.Letthesteaminthe

containercoolandturnbackintowater.Thentasteit.Youwillfindthat

itisnolongersaltyatall.Thesalthasbeenleftbehindintheheating

container.Thiswayofmakingfreshwateroutofsaltwateriscalled

“distilling”.

Hereissomethingelseyoucantry.Ifyouhavearefrigerator,

putsomeseawaterinitandleaveitthereuntilalittleofit(notall

ofit)turnstoice.Thenmeltthisice.Youwillfindthatthewater

isquitepureandfreefromsalt.Seamenwhowentonthefirstgreatvoyages

ofdiscoveryintheAntarcticgottheirdrinkingwaterbymeltingblocks

ofice.

Itissimpleandcheaptoturnsmallquantitiesofseawater

intofreshwater.Butimaginetheamountofheat一orelectricpower一

thatwouldbeneededtofillalakewithdistilledwaterormeltedice.

Untilrecentlydistillingfreshwaterfromsaltwaterwasnotworththe

effort.Itcosttoomuch.Butnowscientistsarefindingwaysofreducing,

thiscost.Therearealreadyalargenumberofseawaterdistilleriesin

manypartsoftheworld.

Themostextraordinaryexampleofhowtheseacanservetheland

canbefoundinKuwait.KuwaitisasmallstateonthePersianGulf.It

isveryrichbecauseofitsoilwells.Butithasnowaterwells.Ithas

noriverseither,andrainhardlyeverfalls.Untilafewyearsagothe

peopleofKuwaitcouldgrowverylittlefoodontheirdry,sandysoil.

AndalltheirdrinkingwaterhadtobebroughtinArabsailingboatsfrom

ahundredmilesaway.

5

NowKuwaithasseawaterdistillerieswhichproducemorethan

twenty-onemilliongallonsoffreshwateraday.Thereareplanstodouble

thisamount.Alreadythedrylandisbeingwatered.Treesandplantsare

beinggrown.Verysoon,thankstothedistilleries,theentireappearance

ofKuwaitwillbechanged.

----fromWorldofTodayandTomorrow,byRichard

Musman

Time:594words=wpm

Minutes

第10題：

Thefamousversesmentionedatthebeginningofthepassagewerewritten

by.

A.aneighteenth-centuryseamanwhowasabandonedonawideocean

B.theeighteenth-centuryEnglishpoetColeridgewhowasonceloston

anopensea

C.theeighteenth-centuryEnglishpoetColeridgeaboutaseamanwho

wasleftaloneonawideocean

D.noneoftheabove

參考答案：C

答案解析：

第11題：

Thefactthatseacurrentscanbeusedtogenerateelectricityhasalready

beenprovenby

A.theFrench

B.theEnglish

C.someFrenchseamen

D.someEnglishengineers

參考答案：A

答案解析：

第12題：

Usingseawaterforcleaningpurposesinseasidecitieswouldbetoocostly

because.

A.anextraordinarilybigmotorisneededtopumpupthewater

B.toomanydevicesarerequired

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C.specialmotorsareneeded

D.specialmachinesandpipesareneededtodothejob

參考答案：D

答案解析：

第13題:

Whensaltwaterturnstosteambyheatingorfreegingsthatwhichisfrom

saltwateristransformedintowater,andit.

A.tastesalittlesalty

B.isnolongersalty

C.becomesmoresalty

D.becomesdistilled

參考答案：B

答案解析：

第14題：

Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheinformationinthepassage?

A.Peopledidn，trecognizethevalueofdistillingfreshwaterfromsea

wateruntilrecently.

B.Peoplerecognizedthevalueofdistillingfreshwaterfromseawater

untilrecently.

C.Itiseasyandcheaptochangealargeamountofseawaterinto

freshwater.

D.Therearefewseawaterdistilleriesinsomepartsoftheworld.

參考答案：A

答案解析：

第15題:

Kuwaitsetsanexcellentexampleof.

A.acquiringfreshwaterfromsea

B.consumingtoolargeanamountofheatandelectricpowerfor

distillingfreshwater

C.exportingcrudeoil

D.boastingrichoilreserves

參考答案：A

答案解析：

7

第16題：

Kuwait'sdrinkingwater.

A.hastobebroughtinArabsailingboatsfromahundredmilesaway

B.dependsupontheregularrainfalloftheyear

C.usedtobecarriedinArabsailingboatsfromahundredmilesaway

D.isobtainedfromundertheground

參考答案：C

答案解析：

第17題：

Thankstothedistilleries,.

A.thedrylandisnowbeingwatered

B.treesandplantsarenowbeinggrown

C.thedrinkingwaterisnolongerveryexpensive

D.bothAandB

參考答案：D

答案解析：

ComputersinCars

You'refarfromhomeonalonelyroad.Shadowyforestsstretch

awayonbothsides.Athickmistmakesitdifficulttoseefarbeyondyour

car，swindshield.

“Canthisberoute90A?youwonder.Ifitis,youshouldbenear

atown.Yetthere，snohintofone.Nightisclosingin.Andyou'relow

ongasoline.

Thisisasituationwhereanin-earcomputerthatcannavigate

(helpyoufindyourway)wouldbeabighelp.

Acarcomputerthatnavigates?Yes.Suchcomputersexist.

SeveralexperimentalmodelsarebeingtestedbyGeneralMotors,Ford,

Chrysler,andseveralforeigncarmakers.Thesecomputersvaryindetail.

Buttheyallcontainseriesofmapsonvideodiscsorvideotapes.For

example,onecomputersystemcontains13,300mapscoveringthe

continentalU.S..

Beforestartingoutonatrip,adrivercantypeinthecode

fortheregionheorsheplanstodrivethrough.Thecomputerthenshows

amapofthatregion.Atthesametime,atinyradioreceiverlinkedto

thecomputergoestowork.Itpicksupsignalsfromnavigationsatellites

suchastheNustallbeontheSAMElinenetwork.Usingthesesignals,

thecomputerpinpointsthecar，sposition,atalltimesanddisplaysthis

8

positiononthemap.Thecomputercanalsocalculateanddisplaythebest

routetofollow.

Anavigationcomputermayalsoreceiveandusedataaboutroad

construction,weatherconditions,andtrafficjams.Thisinformation

wouldbedisplayedtothedriverandthecomputerwouldalsousethe

informationtoworkoutalternatemutes.

Navigationcomputersmaynotbeonthemarketuntilaround1988.

Yetmostnewcarsdocontaincomputers.Thesearehiddencomputersthat

helpcarsrunmoreefficiently.

EngineControl

Practicallyallnewcarscontainmicroprocessors(basic

computerchips)tocontrolcertainenginefunctions.Microprocessors

regulatethemixingoffuelvaporandairandthefiringofthesparkplugs.

Thishelpskeeptheenginerunningwellwhilekeepingfuelconsumption

andpollutantemissionsaslowaspossible.Insomecars,computer

controlspreventengineknockingandregulatelubrication(oiling).They

alsokeepignition,accelerationandbrakingsmooth.

Dataoncarspeed,oilpressure,revolutionsperminute,engine

temperature,andfuellevelcanbedisplayedasdigitaldata(numbers)

orwarninglights.Somecarsalsousewarningbeepersorvoice

synthesizerstowarndrivers.

Someautodesignerssuggestthatacentralcomputerdisplaybe

usedtoclearlypresentsuchtimelyinformationascarspeedandfuellevel.

Warninglightswouldindicateadropinoilpressureorasuddenrisein

enginetemperature.Togetmoreinformationontheseconditions,the

drivercouldcallituponthecomputerdisplayscreen.Whenneeded,the

computercouldbe“asked“toprovidenavigationaidorinformationabout

thecar，scondition.

----fromScience

World,March29,1985

Time:197words=wpm

Minutes

第18題：

Bydescribingatypicalsituationofalostdriverontheroad,theauthor

intendsto.

A.makeusbelievehowcomplexthehighwaynetworkis

B.tellushowsimilartheroadslook

C.convinceushowhelpfulanavigationcomputercanbe(insucha

situation)

D.letusknowhowusefulroadsignscanbe(insuchasituation)

9

參考答案：C

答案解析：

第19題:

Thenavigationcomputersadoptedbydifferentautomobilemanufacturers

mayvaryindetail.Yettheyallhaveonethingincommon:theyall.

A.containaseriesofmapsstoredinvideodiscsorvideotapes

B.contain13,300mapscoveringthecontinentalU.S.

C.workautomatically

D.costalotofmoney

參考答案：A

答案解析：

第20題：

Withoutthesignalsfromnavigationsatellites,thein-carcomputer

A.wouldstillbeabletolocatethecar'spositionatalltimes

B.wouldfailtolocatethecar'sposition

C.couldstillcalculateanddisplaythebestroutetofollow

D.wouldseekhelpfromtheradioreceiverlinkedtoit

參考答案：B

答案解析：

第21題：

Ofthefollowingfunctions,whichisnotpossessedbythenavigation

computer?

A.Showingamapoftheregionadriverplanstodrivethrough.

B.Predictingacrashontheroad.

C.Processingreceiveddataaboutroadconstruction,weather

conditions,andtrafficjams.

D.Pinpointingthecar，spositionatalltimesanddisplayingthis

positiononthemap.

參考答案：B

答案解析：

第22題:

10

Peoplefindnavigationcomputersonthemarket1988.

A.aresureto...bytheyear

B.maynot...untilafter

C.maynot...untilabout

D.may...before

參考答案：C

答案解析：

第23題：

Mostnewcarscontaincomputersthathelp.

A.concealed...themrunfaster

B.concealed...themrunmoreefficiently

C.navigation...driversfindtheirpositions

D.navigation...motoristsdecidethebestroutes

參考答案：B

答案解析：

第24題：

Wemayconcludethat.

A.theamountofpollutantsinexhaustgasrelatescloselytothemixing

proportionofvaporizedgasolineandair

B.differentdataofarunningcarcanbedisplayedindifferentmodes

C.futurecarswillbelargerinsizebecausemorecomplicated

computerswillbeinstalledinthem

D.al1oftheabove

參考答案：A

答案解析：

第25題：

Withwhattopicisthepassagemainlyconcerned?

A.Futurecars

B.Carsandcomputers

C.In-carcomputersandnavigationsatellites

D.Navigationcomputers

參考答案：B

答案解析：

11

ComputersBattleBugs

“Howcanyouusecomputerstofightinsectpests?Doyouswat

themwithfloppydisks?”

Thatwasonereactiontothenewsthatentomologistsareusing

computersinthebattleagainstdestructivebugs.

Despitethejokes,theefforttocontrolinsectpestsisserious

business.Lastyear,insectscaused$13millionworthofcropdamagein

theU.S.Anadditional$4.6millionwasspenttoprotectcropsfromsuch

bugs.Andmanypeoplefeelthatsomeofthoseprotectivemeasures一uses

ofpesticides一werewasteful,inefficient,andharmfultothe

environment.

So,thenewsthatcomputersarejoininginthefightagainst

insectpestshasbeenwelcomedbyfarmersandenvironmentalists.

NameYourPest

Usingmassesofinformationaboutinsectbehavior,

entomologistshavecreatedcomputerprogramstohelpfarmersfight

particularpestsatparticulartimes.

Let'sconsiderasamplecase.Afarmerplanstogrowalfalfa

andwantstofindthecheapest,mostefficientwaytoprotectthatcrop.

Sohe/sheturnstoamicrocomputercontainingentomologicalsoftware.

Thesoftwareprogram“asks"thefarmertoentercertain

informationintothecomputer.Thismayincludefactorssuchasannual

rainfallandaveragetemperaturerangefortheregion.Thecomputer

programmayalso"ask"thefarmertoestimatetheexpectednumberofalfalfa

weevilsperacrebasedonpreviousyears，experience.

Withtheseinputs,andadatabaseofentomologicalinformation,

thecomputerdeterminesthebesttimestoplow,plant,andharvest.It

givesadviceonwhetherornottospray.Ifthedecisionfavorsspraying,

thecomputeradvisesthefarmeronwhen,where,howoften,andwhattype

ofspraysolutiontouse.

Thistypeofinformationcanbeprovidedforhundredsof

differentcropsandthousandsofdifferentinsectpests.Entomologists

aregainingnewknowledgeoninsectbehaviorandinsectcontrolmethods

allthetime.Atonetime,muchofthisknowledgemighthavebeen“l(fā)ocked

away”insciencejournals.Butnowmostofitisgoingintocomputer

programswhereitis,literally,atafarmerJsfingertips.

LessBugSpray

Computeradviceonpestcontrolisexpectedtosharplyreduce

useofpesticides,andatthesametime,increasecropprotection.

Inthenot-too-distantfuture,computerswillprobablygive

adviceoneveryaspectoffarming:whichcropstoplant,whenandwhere

toplantthem,howmuchandwhattypesoffertilizertouse,andwhenand

wheretomarketthecrops.Computersarealsolikelytocontrolthe

12

irrigationofcropsandthefeedingoffarmanimals.Computer-controlled

robotsmaydomostoftheharvesting.

----fromScienceWorld,March30,1981

Time:439words=wpm

Minutes

第26題：

Intheyearpriortothetimethisarticlewaswritten,.

A.$13millionhadbeenallocatedforcompensatingthecropdamage

andanother$4.6millionwasspenttoprotectcropfrompests

B.cropdamagecausedbydestructivepestswasequivalentto$13

million

C.themoneyallottedbytheU.S.governmentbothforcompensatingthe

cropdamageandtakingprotectivemeasurestotaled$17.6million

D.$4.6millionwasspentinbuyingpesticides

參考答案：B

答案解析：

第27題：

Usingmassesofinformationaboutinsectbehavior,entomologistshave

designedcomputerprogramsthatcanforetell.

A.whenfarmersshouldfightaparticularsortofpests

B.theannualrainfallfortheregion

C.averagetemperaturerangefortheregion

D.bothBandC

參考答案：A

答案解析：

第28題：

Thecomputerprogramrequiresthefarmerto.

A.insertaninformation-bearingdiskintothecomputer

B.inputintothecomputersuchdataasannualrainfallandaverage

temperaturerangefortheregion

C.anticipatetheexactamountofrainfallfortheyear

D.predictwhichkindofpesticidetouse

13

參考答案：B

答案解析：

第29題:

Withtheinputsofspecificinformationandadatabaseofenological

information,thecomputer.

A.decidestheidealtimestoplough,plantandgathercrops

B.determineswhentospraywaterontothefield

C.decideswhetherornotapesticideshouldbeapplied

D.bothAandC

參考答案：D

答案解析：

第30題:

“Thistypeofinformationcanbeprovidedforhundredsofcropsand

thousandsofdifferentinsectpests.”(paragraph9)Whichofthefollowing

sentencesmeansalmostthesameastheabovestatement?

A.Farmerscanonlyprovidetheinformationforhundredsofcrops.

B.Farmerscanonlyprovidetheinformationforthousandsofdifferent

pests.

C.Thecomputercandisplaytheoutputinformationforagreatvariety

ofcropsandinsectpests.

D.BothAandB.

參考答案：C

答案解析：

第31題：

Atonetime,muchoftheknowledgeofinsectbehaviorandinsectcontrol

methods.

A.wasavailableonlyinsciencejournals

B.wasstrictlyrestrictedtosciencebooks

C.washighlyconfidentialandwasthereforeconfinedtoscience

reports

D.wasasubjectunderdisputeinsciencejournals

參考答案：A

答案解析：

14

第32題：

Theadvicegivenbythecomputeronpestcontrolisexpectedtohelp

A.lessenthedangerintheuseofpesticidesandincreasetheir

positiveeffects

B.lowertheamountofpesticidesusedinthefieldsandinthemeantime

increasetheireffectivenessatkilling

C.greatlyreducechancesofapplyingpesticides,andinthemeantime

increasecropprotection

D.decreasetheharmfulingredientsinpesticidesandatthesametime

reinforcetheimmunityofcrops

參考答案：C

答案解析：

第33題：

Ofthefollowingsentences,whichisnotmeantbytheauthor?

A.Inthenearfuture,computerswilladvisefarmersonwhichcrops

toplant,andwhenandwheretoplantthem.

B.Inthenearfuture,computerswillrecommendthatfarmersstopusing

pesticidesanddevelopnewbiological-controlmethods.

C.Intheforeseeablefuture,computerswilladvisefarmershowmuch

andwhattypesoffertilizertouse.

D.Intheyearsahead,computer-controlledrobotsmaydomostofthe

harvesting.

參考答案：B

答案解析：

Changesinregionalclimatebroughtaboutbylarge-scale

deforestationintheeasternlowlandsofCentralAmericaareaffecting

weather