一輪總復習學案必修1unit2Heroes

Unit2Heroes(主題語境:人與社會——歷史、社會與文化)核心考點課堂突破1.calmadj.鎮(zhèn)靜的,沉著的v.使安靜,使鎮(zhèn)靜[高考佳句](2020·天津卷)Thedeep,gentlevoicehelpedcalmthenervousgirl.這個深沉,溫柔的聲音幫這個緊張的女孩平靜下來了。語境巧練[單句語法填空]①Frommypointofview,suchwonderfulthingswillcalmyoueasilyandgiveyouthecouragetomoveon.

②Thegirltookadeepbreathtocalm(she)down.

③Onlyifyouget(calm)canyoubehavebetterintheperformance.

[小話題寫作]④在火災面前,我們應該做的就是保持冷靜。

考點必記①calmdown安靜下來calmsbdown使某人安靜下來calmoneself(down)使自己鎮(zhèn)靜下來②keep/stay/remaincalm保持冷靜[詞匯辨析]①calm“平靜的,沉著的”,指無風浪或人的心情不激動。②quiet“寧靜的,安靜的”,指沒有聲音,不吵鬧或心里沒有煩惱、焦慮,也指人“文靜的,少語的”。③still“靜止的,不動的”,指沒有運動或動作的狀態(tài)。④silent“(人)沉默的,不作聲的,未說出的;(物)寂靜無聲的”。2.generousadj.慷慨的,大方的[高考佳句](2020·江蘇卷)Oneself-deprecatingcommentisagenerousandevenconfidentformofhumor.一句自嘲的話是一種慷慨的甚至自信的幽默形式。語境巧練[單句語法填空]①Thoughpoorerthanhissister,Blakeyisasgenerousasherthepoor.

②It’sreallygenerousthekidtosharehistoyswithhismates.

③ThevictimscouldneverthankthoseChineseenoughfortheir(generous).

[小話題寫作]④他如此知識淵博,為人慷慨,有責任心,以至于我非常尊敬和愛戴他。(2020·全國Ⅰ卷,書面表達)

考點必記①begenerouswith用……大方begenerousto對……大方It’sgenerousofsbtodosth某人做某事是慷慨的②generosityn.慷慨,大方anactofgenerosity慷慨之舉generouslyadv.慷慨地,大方地3.charactern.品格;特性;(小說、戲劇中的)人物,角色;性格;(漢)字,字體[教材原句]NemoisthemaincharacterinthemovieFindingNemo.(P21)尼莫是電影《海底總動員》中的主角。語境巧練[單句語法填空]①Thethree(character)intheplayareimaginary.

②Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysical(characteristic).(2020·全國Ⅱ卷,閱讀理解D篇改編)

③Thetwinslookthesame,buttheyaredifferentcharacter.

[小話題寫作]④Stephen在秋天感到孤獨,但同時也享受秋天的寧靜。

考點必記①bedifferentincharacter有著不同的特性aleadingcharacter主角outofcharacter不符合某人的性格,和……不相稱②characteristicn.特征,特性,特色adj.特有的,典型的,表示特性的[名師點津]Itischaracteristicofsbtodosth做某事是某人的典型特征,此處的characteristic可以換成typical。4.foundvt.建立,創(chuàng)立[教材原句]Heledthe1911revolutionandfoundedthefirstrepublicofChina.(P24)他領導了1911年的革命,并創(chuàng)立了中國的第一個共和國。語境巧練[單句語法填空]①BostonChildren’sMuseum,oneofthemostinfluentialchildren’smuseumsintheworld,(found)in1913bytheScienceTeachers’Bureau,agroupofeducatorsdevotingthemselvestoprovidingnewresourcesforbothteachersandstudents.

②Agoodgroupshouldbefoundedunderstanding.

③Theschoolhasservedthecommunitysinceits(found)in1835.

考點必記①foundacity/club/company建起城市/俱樂部/公司foundsthon基于,把某物建立在……上②foundationn.基礎;建立;根據(jù)layafoundationof打下(……的)基礎withoutfoundation無事實依據(jù)shake/rockthefoundationsof從根本上動搖[易錯辨析]found建立,建造found—founded—foundedfind找到,發(fā)現(xiàn)find—found—found5.equaladj.平等的,均等的;相同的;能勝任的vt.比得上,敵得過n.對手,同輩,匹敵[教材原句]Kingdidn’twanttobecausehebelievedblackandwhitepeopleshouldenjoyequalrights.(P24)金不想(讓座),因為他認為黑人和白人應該享有平等的權利。語境巧練[單句語法填空]①Aftertherichmanpassedaway,hispropertywas(equal)distributedtohisthreesons.

②Nownohuman’sabilityinthisfieldcanbeequalthatoftheAI.

③Theyliveandworktogetherincomplete(equal)andbrotherhood.

[小話題寫作]④在經(jīng)理看來,只有喬能勝任這個職位。Inthemanager’sopinion,itisnobodybutJoethatthisposition.

考點必記①beequalin在某方面相等beequalto與……相等;勝任……AequalsBin...A在……方面比得上B②equalityn.平等equallyadv.平等地,均等地unequaladj.不平等的[名師點津]“勝任”的不同表達:beequaltobeuptobesuitable/fitforbequalifiedforbecompetentforbethebestchoicefor6.strugglen.斗爭,拼搏vt.搏斗,斗爭;努力;掙扎[教材原句]Aftersomestruggle,blacksandwhiteswereabletosittogetheronbuses.(P24)斗爭后,在公交車上黑人和白人能坐在一起了。語境巧練[單句語法填空]①Ifeveryonestrugglespollution,wewillhaveanenvironmentallyfriendlyworld.

②Theemployeesstruggledtheirrightsofhavinghighpays.

③Look!Thetigerisstruggling(escape)fromthecage.

考點必記struggletodosth努力去做某事strugglewith/against和……做斗爭strugglefor為……而努力/奮斗struggletoone’sfeet掙扎著站起來[名師點津]努力去做某事的多種表達:strivetodosthtrytodosthseektodosthtakepainstodosthsparenoeffortstodopetevi.比賽,競爭[教材原句]Hehasalwaysbeenverystrictwithhisdaughters,trainingthemhardtocompeteagainsteachother.(P26)他對女兒們總是很嚴格,努力訓練她們,并讓她們相互競爭。語境巧練[單句語法填空]①Wearein(compete)withfourothercompaniesforthecontract.

②Workinginsucha(compete)industry,I’vesometimesthought,“Ican’tdothisanymore.”

③Museumsmustcompetepeople’ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ卷,語法填空)

[小話題寫作]④這個星期天上午8點我們將在學校操場舉辦第五屆排球賽,詳細信息如下。

考點必記①compete(withsb)forsth為某物(與某人)競爭competein參加……②competitionn.競爭incompetitionwith和……競爭competitorn.競爭者competitiveadj.有競爭意識的,富有競爭力的[寫作佳句]Insuchacompetitivesociety,wemustequipourselveswithrichknowledge.在這樣一個富有競爭力的社會,我們必須用掌握豐富的知識武裝自己。8.promotevt.促進;提升,升遷;促銷[教材原句]Healsoraisedalotofmoneytopromotemedicalresearchintobackinjuries.(P28)他還籌集了許多錢用來促進背部損傷的醫(yī)學研究。語境巧練[單句語法填空]①Morehigh-speedrailwayswillbebuiltinthewestsoon(promote)thelocaleconomy.

②Throughhardwork,Roseeventuallywaspromotedamanager.

③Thenewsofthemanager’s(promote)isalreadyknowntonearlyeveryoneintheoffice.

[翻譯句子]④這個故事反映出一個道理,經(jīng)驗有助于促進卓越。

考點必記①promoteaproduct促銷一種產(chǎn)品promotesbto...提升/晉升某人promotesbas...提升/晉升某人為……promotefriendship增進友誼②promotionn.提拔,促進getpromotion/getpromoted獲得晉升[寫作佳句]OnlyifIworkhardercanIpromotemyselfandkeepupwithothers.我只有更加努力才能提升自己,趕上別人。9.injuryn.損害,傷害[教材原句]Healsoraisedalotofmoneytopromotemedicalresearchintobackinjuries.(P28)他還籌集了許多錢用來促進背部損傷的醫(yī)學研究。語境巧練[單句語法填空]①Becareful.You’lldoyourselfinjury.

②Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankles(injure)andthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.(2018·北京卷,閱讀理解A篇)

③Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonce(injure)anklehurtbadly.(2018·北京卷,閱讀理解A篇)

[小話題寫作]④這種新的設計可以最大限度地保護乘客以免受傷。

考點必記①doaninjuryto傷害,危害,對……有害dosbaninjury=doaninjurytosb傷害某人②injurevt.受傷bebadly/seriouslyinjured嚴重受傷theinjured傷者[詞匯辨析]①hurt可指肉體上的輕傷,也可指感情上的挫傷。②wound常指在打斗中由外來暴力造成的刀傷、槍傷,程度較重。③injure指損害健康、成就、容貌等,強調功能的損失;也多指意外事故對肉體、健康造成的傷害。④harm多指對人的肉體或精神上帶來的傷害。10.commitv.犯(錯誤或罪);做(壞事)[教材原句]Ofcourse,I’vehadmomentsoffeelingsorryformyself,butI’veneverhadanythoughtsofcommittingsuicide.(P28)當然,有時我確實感到遺憾,但從未有過自殺的念頭。語境巧練[用所給詞的適當形式填空]①Aftergraduation,Brucecommitted(he)tochangingpeople’slifeinthewest.

②TheschoolsthatIvisitinNottinghamarefullofexperiencedstaffcommittedto(give)ourchildrenacaringandinspiringlearningenvironment.

③Iwasimpressedbytheenergyand(commit)shownbytheplayers.

[小話題寫作]④喬治喜歡演奏這種樂器,并且致力于去練習。Georgelovesplayingtheinstrument,andheit.

考點必記①commitmurder/suicide謀殺/自殺commitanerror做錯事commitcrime犯罪commitoneselfto(doing)sth保證(做)某事;致力于(做)某事becommittedtoprison被關進監(jiān)獄becommittedtodoingsth致力于做某事②commitmentn.承諾,諾言;承擔的義務makeacommitmenttosb向某人承諾[名師點津]表示“致力于做某事”的短語還有:bededicatedindoingsthapplyoneselftodoingsthbedevotedtodoingsthbeabsorbedindoingsth11.involvevt.涉及,參與;牽涉,牽連;包括,包含[教材原句]Howdidyougetinvolvedwithcharitywork?(P28)你是怎樣參與到慈善事業(yè)中去的?語境巧練[用所給詞的適當形式填空]①Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishIhadasecondchancetobecomemore(involve).(2018·江蘇卷,單項填空)

②Robinsonassessedparental(involve)performanceandfoundoneofthemostdamagingthingsaparentcoulddowastopunishtheirchildrenforpoormarks.

[小話題寫作]③上周我們學校舉辦了成人禮,活動主要包括成長點滴回顧、觀看校友勇敢與疾病作斗爭的事跡錄像等。

考點必記①involvesbin(doing)sth參加,參與get/beinvolvedin卷入,專注于beinvolvedwith關注,和……有關系②involvedadj.復雜的;糾纏的;有關的involvementn.參與,加入;沉迷[寫作佳句]Frommypointofview,ateacherissupposedtotrytoinvolveasmanystudentsaspossibleintheclassactivities.依我的觀點,老師應該盡力讓盡可能多的學生參與到課堂活動中。12.giveup放棄[教材原句]Haveyouthoughtofgivingupaftertheaccident?(P28)事故發(fā)生后,你想過放棄嗎?語境巧練[單句語法填空]①Irenesaid,“Idon’tseeanyreasontogivework.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsIhavemadeovertheyears.”(2019·全國Ⅱ卷,語法填空)

②Bodylanguagecangivealotaboutyourmood,sostandingwithyourarmsfoldedcansendoutasignalthatyouarebeingdefensive.

③ItannoysWeltythat,at78,herleftearhasnowgiven.

④AtfirstRobertwouldn’tlethisdaughtergodiving,buteventuallyhegaveasshewassoconfidentaboutherskills.(2018·天津卷,單項填空)

[小話題寫作]⑤陳薇作為一名醫(yī)生和軍人,她從未向困難低過頭,哪怕是在極端危險的處境中。

考點必記giveaway頒發(fā)(獎品);捐贈,贈送;放棄(機會等);泄露(秘密等)giveoff放出(氣味、熱、光等)givein屈服,投降;提交(+tosb)giveout分發(fā),分配;發(fā)表;散發(fā);精疲力竭,用盡;出故障givewayto撤退;讓步,讓路;讓……優(yōu)先giveback歸還;恢復;反射(光、聲音等)givesbalift讓某人搭便車[寫作佳句]NeverwillIgiveupevenifIfailmanytimes.即使失敗多次,我也絕不放棄。13.cometo達到某種狀態(tài);蘇醒過來;談到[教材原句]Fourdaysaftertheinjury,Icametounderstandmysituation.(P28)受傷四天后,我就開始理解自己的處境了。語境巧練[單句語法填空]①Theengineercame(realize)howimportantitwastolearnhowtooperateanAI.

②Shouldyoucomewastepaperthrownoutofapassingcar,pickitup.(2018·浙江卷,七選五)

③Wearesofondofourhighintelligencethatweassumethatwhenit(come)tobrainpower,moremustbebetter.(2019·江蘇卷,任務型閱讀)

[小話題寫作]④更為重要的是,我們開始意識到向各種困難挑戰(zhàn)自我是我們的責任。(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ卷,書面表達)

考點必記cometofeel/realize/understand開始感覺到/意識到/理解cometoanend結束cometoadecision做出決定whenitcomesto(doing)sth當談及(做)某事comeacross偶然遇見;被理解comeabout發(fā)生comeon上場;加油;得了吧comeout出版;出現(xiàn);結果是[名師點津]表示“發(fā)生;出版”等詞義的come相關短語無被動結構,通常只使用主動進行表達,如comeabout,comeout。14.where引導賓語從句[教材原句]AsYangLiweireturnedintotheearth’satmosphere,helicopterswereflyingtowherehewouldland,readytocollecthim.(P23)當楊利偉返回地球大氣層的時候,直升機已經(jīng)在飛往他著陸地點的途中,準備接他。語境巧練[單句語法填空]①Abouttwohourslaterthechildrenreturnedtotheyputtheirfood.

②Thelibraryisbeingbuiltinusedtobeapond.

③Theyhavetransformedthemselvesintoplacesyoucandevelopyourloveofknowledge,meetinterestingpeople,orfindouthowtostartabusiness.(2020·天津卷,閱讀理解A篇)

[小話題寫作]④她發(fā)現(xiàn)了一把鋒利的刀,用它可以把盒子打開。

考點必記句中wherehewouldland為where引導的賓語從句,做介詞to的賓語,where在賓語從句中充當狀語。[名師點津]①注意賓語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別:介詞后接賓語從句表示的是介詞連接的內容,而“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句則是對前面的先行詞進行修飾和限制。②注意關系副詞引導賓語從句和關系副詞引導狀語從句時的區(qū)別:介詞后接賓語從句時,賓語從句作為整體充當介詞賓語,而關系副詞引導狀語從句則在句中修飾謂語動詞或副詞等。15.too...to...句型[教材原句]YangLiweiwashappytobehomebuthesaid,“Ithought21hourswastooshorttostayinspace.”(P23)返回地面的楊利偉很高興,但他說:“我覺得在太空只停留21個小時真是太短暫了?！闭Z境巧練[單句語法填空]①Theexplosionhadleftaholemorethanfortymilesacross—muchhugetobeseenfromanywhereatgroundlevel.(2019·江蘇卷,閱讀理解B篇)

②Studentsshouldhaveaproperattitudetowardscollegebeforethinkingaboutwhichcollegetoattend,andit’sneverearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyandmeaningfulcollegeexperience.(2019·北京卷,語法填空)

[小話題寫作]③我們的鄰居Frank先生一直都非常樂意去幫助那些貧窮的孩子,這一點所有人都表示贊賞。

考點必記too+adj./adv.+(forsb)todo常用以表示“(對某人來說)太……而不能……”,肯定結構表達否定意義。[名師點津]下面幾種情況下too...to...結構的意義:①too...to...和表示人的心理狀態(tài)的形容詞連用,表示肯定意義。此類詞有happy,glad,ready,anxious,eager,willing,pleased,thankful等。②把never/not等否定詞放在too前,表示肯定。③cannottoo...(to...)表示“越……越好;再……也不為過”。16.動詞-ing形式做狀語[教材原句]Hehasalwaysbeenverystrictwithhisdaughters,trainingthemhardtocompeteagainsteachother.(P26)他對女兒們總是很嚴格,努力訓練她們,并讓她們相互競爭。語境巧練[用所給詞的適當形式填空]①Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,(whisper)support.(2019·全國Ⅰ卷,閱讀理解B篇)

②Ifyouexerciseoutofdoors,yourbodywilllearntobreathemoredeeply,(allow)evenmoreoxygentogettoyourmuscles(肌肉)andyourbrain.(2019·全國Ⅰ卷,七選五)

[小話題寫作]③當聽見他們老師的聲音時,學生們立刻停止了談話。

考點必記此處動詞-ing形式做狀語表示伴隨狀況,動詞-ing形式和句子主語之間為主動關系。動詞-ing形式做狀語除了表示伴隨狀況之外,還常表示時間、原因、讓步、結果、條件等。[名師點津]①動詞-ing形式做狀語?？筛臑橐粋€從句。②當做狀語的動詞-ing形式的動作在謂語動詞動作之前發(fā)生,則常用其完成形式havingdone。17.notonly...butalso...句型[教材原句]Thisnotonlydrewpublicattentiontoresearchintobackinjuriesbutalsoencouragedalotofpeoplelivingwithallkindsofproblems.(P28)這不僅引起了公眾對背部受傷問題的關注,還鼓舞了很多有各種問題的人。語境巧練[完成句子]①通過這樣做,我不僅能和別人分享好的想法,也能學會清晰地表達自己的觀點。Bydoingso,Icansharegoodideaswithothersbutalsolearntoexpressmyselfclearly.

②你將不僅幫助我們的年輕志愿者的個人發(fā)展,也將學會新的技能,提高你的文化意識。ouryoungvolunteerstodeveloppersonally,you’llalsolearnnewskillsandincreaseyourculturalawareness.(用部分倒裝句)(2019·北京卷,閱讀理解A篇)

[小話題寫作]③勞動不僅鍛煉了我們的身體,還讓我們懂得珍惜勞動成果。

考點必記①notonly...butalso...在句中連接兩個并列成分。②notonly...butalso...連接并列主語時謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)應用“就近一致”原則來確定。③notonly放在句首時,句子常用部分倒裝語序。[寫作佳句]NotonlycantheAIhelpwiththehousework,itcanalsocommunicatewithyou.這臺人工智能不僅能幫著干家務活,它還能和你交流。隨堂鞏固遷移運用Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Whiletheclipmightlooklikepartofanewadcampaign,Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshow(generous)andsympathy.(2019·浙江卷,閱讀理解B篇)

2.Althoughshe(found)hercompanyearlyoninlife,shewasn’tdrivenprimarilybyprofit.(2019·北京卷,閱讀理解B篇)

3.Matilda’sbattleswithhercruelparentsandthebossyheadmistress,MissTrunchbull,are(equal)funnyandfrightening,butthey’realsoaspirational.(2019·全國Ⅱ卷,閱讀理解A篇)

4.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggledebtandmisfortune.(2019·天津卷,閱讀理解D篇)

5.Iwasturneddowneverywhere,exceptatonepublisher,ayoungwomantoldmeIwasn’tverygood.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷,聽力)

6.Anursecanneverbepatienttotreatpatients.

7.Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting(compete)towatch,togetherwiththestorybehindit.(2019·全國Ⅲ卷,語法填空)

8.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff“switch”wheretheglowwouldfadeexposedtodaylight.(2020·全國Ⅰ卷,閱讀理解D篇)

9.ItwasMr.ZhangmademeperceivetheimportanceoflearningEnglishwell.

10.AnxiouslyIwenttobeddreamingaboutIwouldfindatthetopofthismagicalmountain.(2018·天津卷,閱讀表達)

Ⅱ.選短語填空letout,inone’sopinion,competeagainst,giveup,pullthrough,getonwellwith,cometoanendInmostcases,competitorswill1.eachotherfiercelyinthematch.2.,myclassmateMarkisagoodathlete.But,unfortunately,inlastSunday’sfootballmatch,hefelldown,injuredhisfootand3.ascream,buthedidn’t4..Whenthematch5.,hecouldn’tmovehisfootforaninchatall.IreallyhopeMarkwill6.hisstudyafterhe7..

Ⅲ.根據(jù)漢語提示補全短文內容EveryathletewantstotakepartintheOlympicGamesandbecomeahero,1.(這對他們來說是種非常重要的時刻).2.(盡管他們都知道取得成功不容易),theystilltakeitseriouslyand3.(對他們自己很有信心).Unfortunately,4.(并不是所有的運動員都可以參加奧林匹克運動會).Weadmirethoseathletes5.(為祖國做出貢獻的人),andtheyalsodeserveourcongratulations.

Unit2Heroes核心考點·課堂突破1.①down②herself③calmer④Whatweshoulddoiskeepcalminthefaceofthefire.2.①to②of③generosity④Heissoknowledgeable,generousandresponsiblethatIrespectandlovehimsomuch.3.①characters②characteristics③in④ItischaracteristicofStephentofeellonelyinautumnandenjoyitspeaceinthemeanwhile.4.①wasfounded②on③foundation5.①equally②to③equality④isequalto6.①against/with②for③toescape7.①competition②competitive③for④Wearegoingtoholdthe5thVolleyballCompetitionat8:00amthisSundayonthescho