譯林選修八Unit1Thewrittenword知識(shí)清單學(xué)案

2022屆一輪復(fù)習(xí)譯林版高中英語：選修八Unit1Thewrittenword知識(shí)清單學(xué)案1．characteristicn．特征，特點(diǎn)adj.典.型的，獨(dú)特的，特有的becharacterizedby...＝feature...具有······特點(diǎn)，以······為主要特征WhatcharacteristicsdistinguishtheAmericansfromtheCanadians?美國人和加拿大人的特征有什么不同？It'scharacteristicofhimnevertoabuseourtrust.2.從不辜負(fù)我們的信任是我們的典型特征。abusevt.虐待；辱罵；濫用〔1〕physicallyandemotionally／mentallyabused所有這些兒童的身心都受到了摧殘?！?〕abuseone＇spower／position／authority濫用職權(quán)＝anabuseofpower／position／authority〔3〕abusen．虐待；辱罵；濫用screamabuse高聲謾罵3.desperateadj.鋌而走險(xiǎn)的，拼命的，絕望的；非常需要，渴望desperatelyadv.拼命地，絕望地desperationn.絕望Theprisonersgrewmoredesperate.囚徒們在絕望中更加不顧死活了.bedesperate(forsth/todosth)=longfor:=cryfor=bedyingfor=bethirstyfor=beanxiousfor4.tensionn.緊張氣氛；緊張，煩躁；矛盾，對(duì)立relieve／reduce／easetension緩解緊張情緒racial／political／socialtension〔s〕種族間的／政治上的／社會(huì)生活中的緊張狀態(tài)Thereisoftenatensionbetweentheaimsofthecompanyandwishesoftheemployees.公司的目標(biāo)和雇員的愿望之間常存在矛盾。5．twistn．轉(zhuǎn)折，轉(zhuǎn)變；轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)；急轉(zhuǎn)彎v.〔使〕彎曲；轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)；蜿蜒1〕thetwistsandturnsofhispoliticalcareer他的政治生涯一波三折2〕Hegaveashysmileandalittletwistofhishead．他羞怯地笑了笑，略微扭了一下頭。3)Thecarfollowedthetwistsandtumsofthemountainroad.汽車沿著彎彎曲曲的山路行駛。4〕v．轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)；〔道路，河流〕曲折；蜿蜒；使彎曲；歪曲事實(shí)twistthefacts歪曲事實(shí)6．plotn．故事情節(jié)；陰謀，密謀v.密謀；繪制〔圖表〕1〕aconventionalplotaboutloveandmanage一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的婚戀故事情節(jié)2〕aplottooverthrowthegovernment推翻政府的陰謀3)v.(plotted,plotted)TheyhadplottedtoblowuptheWhite：House.他們密謀炸掉白宮。plotsth.〔onsth.〕繪制〔圖表〕Wecarefullyplottedeachpatient'sresponsetothedrugonachart.我們仔細(xì)繪出了每個(gè)病人對(duì)這種藥物反響的圖表。7．generousadj．慷慨的，大方的；寬厚的，仁慈的；大量的generosityn.agenerousgift/offer豐厚的禮物／慷慨的提議agenerousmind寬闊的胸懷Itwasgenerousofyoutoshareyourfoodwithme.你把食物與我分享，真慷慨。8．vainadj．虛榮的，自負(fù)的；徒勞的，無結(jié)果的She'stoovaintowearglasses.她太虛榮，不肯戴眼鏡。Sheclosedhereyestightlyinavainattempttoholdbacktears.她緊閉雙眼，卻無法止住眼淚。invain枉費(fèi)心機(jī)；徒勞無益；白費(fèi)力氣〔在句中可作表語和狀語〕Itriedtopersuadethepatient，butinvain.我嘗試過勸那病人，可是白費(fèi)力氣。9.rigidadj.死板的，僵化的，固執(zhí)的〔＝inflexible〕；堅(jiān)硬的，僵直的〔rigidlyadv.〕rigidattitudes固執(zhí)的態(tài)度Shesatupright，herbodyrigidwithfear.他直挺挺坐著，嚇得渾身發(fā)僵。10.civiladj.(civillyadv.)有教養(yǎng)的，有禮貌的；國民的，平民的；民事的civilwar內(nèi)戰(zhàn)becivilto對(duì)·······有禮貌，客氣的11．bentadj．彎曲的，駝背的；不老實(shí)的〔dishonest〕n.天賦，愛好asmallbentoldwoman一個(gè)矮小駝背的老太太abentpoliceman一位不老實(shí)的警察haveabentfor有...的天賦bebenton〔doing〕something決心做某事〔通常指壞事〕12．violentadj．①暴力的，粗暴的；②猛烈的，強(qiáng)烈的(1〕violentcrime暴力犯罪(2〕aviolentexplosion劇烈的爆炸(3〕violence暴力，暴行domesticviolence家庭暴力13.ontherun①躲避；②忙碌，不停地奔波He＇sontherunfromthepolice.他在躲避警方的追捕。I＇vebeenontherunalldayandI＇mexhausted.我忙了一天，累垮了。14.liveuptoone'sexpectations/principles/promise/reputation不辜負(fù)某人的期望／遵守某人的原那么／遵守某人的諾言／不負(fù)盛名liveuptoone＇sname名副其實(shí)liveby按照〔某信念或原那么〕生活livethrough經(jīng)歷過，度過〔危險(xiǎn)或令人不愉快的處境〕liveon以.....為生；以......為主食livewith忍受，容忍15．reformv／n．〔使〕改正自新，改造；改革，改進(jìn)1〕reformoneself改正自新2〕economicreform經(jīng)濟(jì)改革3〕adj．reformedareformedcharacter改正自新的人16．threatn．威脅，恐嚇poseathreat〔tosb.／sth.〕對(duì)...造成威脅threatenv.威脅，恐嚇Thehijackersthreatenedtokillallthepassengersiftheirdemandswerenotmet.劫機(jī)者揚(yáng)言假設(shè)不滿足他們的要求，就把乘客都?xì)⑺馈?7.resistv.1〕cannotresist〔doing〕sth．忍不住resistthetemptationtodosth.抵擋住做某事的誘惑2)resist(doing)sth.3〕n．resistance抵抗；對(duì)抗；抵抗力；阻力〔空氣阻力airresistance〕4〕adj．beresistant〔tosth．〕對(duì)．，，有抵抗力的；抵抗．．．insectsthathavebecomeresistanttoDDT對(duì)滴滴涕已有抗藥性的昆蟲18.bind(bound,bound)(1〕捆，綁，系bindsb．／sth．tosth．Shewasboundtoachair.她被捆在一把椅子上。(2〕〔使〕聯(lián)合＝unite＝bindtogether(3)約束，迫使bindsb.〔tosth.〕／sb.todosth.Theagreementbindshertorepaythedebtwithinsixmonths.根據(jù)協(xié)議，她必須在六個(gè)月內(nèi)還清債務(wù)。(4〕boundadj．beboundtodosth．一定會(huì)做某事You'vedonesomuchworkthatyou'reboundtopasstheexam.你下了這么大工夫，一定能考及格.95)beboundforsp.準(zhǔn)備去往某地TheplaneisboundforBeijing.飛機(jī)準(zhǔn)備飛往北京。19．spin〔spun，spun〕〔使〕快速旋轉(zhuǎn)；〔使〕急轉(zhuǎn)身；紡紗；吐絲結(jié)網(wǎng)spit〔spat，spat〕吐，唾〔唾沫、食物等〕Shespunroundtocatchtheball.她飛快地轉(zhuǎn)身接球.Myheadisspinning.我頭暈.20.pinvt.(pinned;pinned;pinning)使不能動(dòng)彈，按住；〔用大頭針等〕固定，別上，釘住n.大頭針pinsb.down按住，使動(dòng)彈不得；找某人查問，使說清楚pinsth.down確切說明〔或理解〕anotepinnedtothedocument別在文件上的便條21．worn-out破爛不堪的，廢舊的(wear-wore-worn)Thesecarsareworn-outandmustbereplaced.這些車子破舊了，必須更換。bewornout＝betiredout＝beburntout＝beexhausted＝sb.giveout〔無被動(dòng)〕勞累22．inrags衣衫襤褸22．cometoone＇srescue解救23．wrapv．包，裹；圍，纏繞〔wrapped，wrapped；wrapping〕24．reputationn．名譽(yù)，名聲haveareputationforlaziness／forbeinglazy以懶惰知名=haveadistinctionof...ruinsb＇sreputation敗壞某人的名譽(yù)25．a(chǎn)dorevt．熱愛，喜愛，愛慕(adorationn.)(adorableadj.)adoresth./doingsth.26．intendv．打算，方案，想要intendtodosth.打算做某事Ibadintendedtogiveyouahand,butIwastoobusy.〔考察虛擬和時(shí)態(tài)〕我原本打算幫助的，但是我當(dāng)時(shí)太忙了。beintendedkobe／dosomething目的是作為某物，目的是做某事beintendedfor專為...而設(shè)計(jì)的Thebookisintendedforchildrenaged5-7.intentionn.意圖，目的，打算withtheintentionof帶有...目的／意圖Icamewiththeintentionofstaying,butnowI'vedecidedtoleave.我來時(shí)一心想留下，但現(xiàn)在我已決定離開.intentionallyadv.有意地，成心地＝deliberately27．spring〔sprang／sprung，sprung〕vi．突然出現(xiàn)；跳，蹦Newhouseswerespringingupalloverthetown.全鎮(zhèn)各處很快蓋起了新房子.spring〔up〕fromhisseat〔他〕從座位上一躍而起28．meltv．〔使〕融化，〔使〕熔化；〔使〕緩和，〔使〕軟化Herangermelted.她的怒氣消了.Hisheartmeltedwithpity.他因憐憫而心軟了，melt〔sth〕away融化Thesunhasmeltedthesnowaway.太陽把雪融化掉了，29．intunewith···與······一致、融洽、協(xié)調(diào)staytuned不調(diào)頻道tuneinto···理解、體諒〔他人的思想感情等〕30．a(chǎn)ntiquen．古董31．chaptern．〔書的〕章，篇，回：時(shí)期，時(shí)代32．fictionn．小說；虛構(gòu)的事33．home-madeadj．自制的；家里做的；國產(chǎn)的34．brandnewadj．全新的，嶄新的35．a(chǎn)tticn．閣樓36．supremeadj．最高的，至高無上的37．holyadj．圣神的，圣潔的38．monumentn．紀(jì)念碑，紀(jì)念館，紀(jì)念塑像；古跡39.nodifferent沒有什么不同二、短語1．bedifferentfrom＝differfrom＝havedifferencesbetween···and···與······不同2．haveaplaceintheworld在世界上有一席之位3．beadaptedfrom···改編自4．bothertodosth．費(fèi)力心力做某事5．besetin以···為背景6.wouldrather...than...寧愿做...而不愿做...7．dislikeitwhen···不喜歡···8．putonanartexhibition舉辦一場藝術(shù)展9．havegreatappealtomanyyoungpeople對(duì)許多年輕人有極大的吸引10．haveabetterunderstandingofEnglishliterature對(duì)英國文學(xué)有更好的理解11．headfor朝．．．方向前進(jìn)12．letoutasadsigh發(fā)出嘆息聲13．inhonorof為紀(jì)念··；為向······表示敬意14．tendtouseimagination往往運(yùn)用想象15．touchon談及16．compare···to···把···比作···17．recommenddoingsth．／recommendthatsb．〔should〕dosth．建議某事／建議某人做某事18．a(chǎn)ppreciateitif．．．要是．．．．．