GIS專業(yè)英語01課件

ProfessionalEnglishforGeographicInformationSystemGIS專業(yè)英語01IncreasetheabilityofusingEnglishtoreadprofessionalbooksImprovetheuseofEnglishinthecapacityofprofessionalandacademicexchangesGraspthethreadsandtrendsofthesameprofessionaldevelopmentabroadTeachingPurposesandFocusonCoursesGIS專業(yè)英語01TeachingMethodandPeriodArrangementBlackboardteachingmultimediaClassroomdiscussion32PeriodGIS專業(yè)英語01AssessmentmethodsAttendance+Classroomperformance30%Classroomdiscussion40%Theassignments30%GIS專業(yè)英語01PartⅠTheBasicConceptofGISChapterOutlinePoints1WhatIsGIS?Points2ComponentsofGISPoints3GISFunctioncomponentsPoints4ABriefHistoryofGISPoints5RelationshipofGIStootherfieldsGIS專業(yè)英語01Points1WhatIsGIS?Computersystemforcapturingstoringqueryinganalyzinganddisplayinggeographicallyreferenceddata.GIS專業(yè)英語01Figure1GISsystemDatasourceRealWorldSpatialDatabaseUserGISsystemCapturingSpatialdataSpatialdataInputSpatialdataManagementDecisionSupportSolveSpatiallyReferencedProblemsGIS專業(yè)英語01GeographicallyReferencedDataAlsocalledgeospatialdataDescribebothlocationsandcharacteristicsofspatialfeaturesNote:AbilitytoprocessgeographicallyreferenceddatadistinguishesGISfromotherinformationsystems.GIS專業(yè)英語01GeographicallyReferencedData1.

SpatialData2.AttributeData3.JoiningSpatialandAttributeDataGIS專業(yè)英語011.SpatialDataDescribeslocationCoordinatesystemMapprojectionGIS專業(yè)英語012.AttributeDataCharacteristicsofspatialfeatures-Non-spatialattributesofthosefeaturesGIS專業(yè)英語013.JoiningSpatialandAttributeDataRelationaldatabaseGeorelationaldatamodelObject-baseddatamodelGIS專業(yè)英語01Points2ComponentsofaGISPeopleHardwareSoftwareDataMethodsFigure2ComponentsofGISGIS專業(yè)英語011.

Hardware:

Includingvarioushardwaredevices,thematerialfoundationtoachievesystemfunctions.2.Software:

ComputerSystemtoSupportdatacollection,storage,processing,andanswertheusers’question.

3.SpatialData:

Theobjectofanalysisandprocessing,Constituteabasisfortheapplication.4.People:

GISClients,dividedintogeneralusersandseniorusersintheestablishment,maintenance,managementandrenewalofGIS.

GIS專業(yè)英語01PrinterMonitorPlotterScannerDigitalizingInstrumentMappingAnalysisInstrumentSurveyingInstrumentGPSHOSTStorageDevicesNetworkFigure3GISHardware1.HardwareGIS專業(yè)英語01TheheartofthesystemfortheimplementationofthevariousoperationsofGISfunctions,includingdatainput,processing,databasemanagement,spatialanalysisandgraphicaluserinterface(GUI).Inaccordancewithitsfunction,Itisdividedinto:(1)GISProfessionalSoftware.(2)DatabaseSoftware.(3)SystemsManagementSoftware,etc.Withitshierarchicalstructurebelow:2.SoftwareGIS專業(yè)英語01

HardwareGISGUIGISDatabaseOperatingSystemGISPlatformSoftwareGISApplicationSoftwareFigure4HierarchicalSurctureofGISSoftwareGIS專業(yè)英語01(1)GISProfessionalSoftwareGenerallyreferstocommonGISsoftwarewithavarietyoffunctions,whichcontainsVariousadvancedfeaturesdealingwithgeographicalinformation.Itcanbeusedasaplatformforotherapplicationsystem.

GIS專業(yè)英語01Representativeproducts:

NameDevelopmentUnitsARC/INFOUnitedStatesEnvironmentalSystemsResearchInstitute（ESRI）MapInfoUnitedStatesMapInfoCorporationGeoMediaUnitedStatesINTERGRAPH(鷹圖)CorporationTitanGISCanadaApolloTechnologyGroup,BeijingOrientalTitanTechnologyCo.,Ltd.Abroad:GIS專業(yè)英語01Domestic:NameDevelopmentUnitsMAPGISChinaUniversityofGeosciencesFacultyofInformationEngineering,WUHANZHONGDIInformationEnginerring

Co.,Ltd.

GeoStarWudaGeoinformaticsCo.,Ltd.SuperMapGISBeijingSuperMapGISTechnologies,Inc.

GeoBeansBeijingZhongYaoDiWangInformationTechnologyCo.,Ltd.Representativeproducts:

GIS專業(yè)英語01

Generallycontainthefollowingcoremodules:DatainputandeditSpatialdatamanagement

Dataoutput

UserinterfaceAbilitytodevelopasecondarysystemGIS專業(yè)英語01(2)DatabaseSoftwareESRIPersonaldatabase(mdb)SDE(sdefororacle|mysql|sqlserver)OraclespatialMysqlspatialPostgreSQL+PostGISGIS專業(yè)英語01(3)SystemManagementSoftwareWindowsUNIXLinuxGIS專業(yè)英語01全球服務器端操作系統(tǒng)市場份額(按銷售收入)GIS專業(yè)英語01Points3FunctionalElementsDataAcquisitionandEditingDatastorageandmanagementDataprocessingandtransformationSpatialAnalysisandStatisticsPruductProducingandDisplayingSecondaryDevelopmentandProgrammingResourceManagementRegionalPlanningHomelandmonitoringAidedDecisionGISFunctionFundamentalFunctionApplicationFunctionGIS專業(yè)英語01Points4ABriefHistoryofGISThedevelopmentofGISdependsonthedevelopmentofcomputertechnology,especiallythedevelopmentofcomputergraphics.

GIS專業(yè)英語01GISgerminatedintheearly1960s,bytheCanadaRogerF.TomlinsonandtheUnitedStatesDuaneF.Marbleindifferentplacesfromdifferentangles.Theformeraimedatlanduse,establishedtheCanadaGeographicInformationSystem(CGIS)atCanadaLandSurveyBureau,whilethelatterresearchonlarge-scaleurbantransportattheNorthwesternUniversityoftheUnitedStates,andproposedtheestablishmentofGISsoftwaresystemsthinking.GIS專業(yè)英語01SeeingfromGISdevelopmenthistory,advancestoahigherleveleverydecade:1960s：Pioneeringstageofdevelopment.Computer-aidedMapping,andAnalysisofOperator1970s：Consolidationphase.Largecapacity,graphicalHCI(Human-ComputerInteraction)1980s：Breakthroughstage.MicrocomputerGISsoftwareproducts,applicationextended.1990s：Socializationstage.Spatialinformationindustry,WebGIS21thCentury：SpatialInformationInfrastructure(SII).DigitalCity,DigitalEarthGIS專業(yè)英語01Points5RelationshipofGIStootherfieldsGIS專業(yè)英語01TheHighlyIntegrated3STechnology

TheintegratedapplicationsofGPS,GISandRS,constituteawhole,real-timeanddynamicEarthobservation,analysisandapplicationoperatingsystem.Theinteractionbetweenthethreeformeda‘onebrain,twoeyes’framework,namely,RSandGPSprovideorupdatetheregionalinformationandspatiallocationforGIS.AndGISdoesthecorrespondingspatialanalysis,toextractusefulinformationfromabroadarray