高考英語(yǔ) 必考短文改錯(cuò)詳解全套

高考英語(yǔ)：必考短文改錯(cuò)詳解

1.必須熟悉設(shè)錯(cuò)方式：多詞、少詞、錯(cuò)詞。⑴多詞現(xiàn)象大多出現(xiàn)在冠詞、介詞、助動(dòng)詞、連詞、語(yǔ)義重復(fù)及行文邏輯等方面。⑵少詞現(xiàn)象主要出現(xiàn)在冠詞、介詞、副詞、助動(dòng)詞、不定式符號(hào)to、連詞等。⑶錯(cuò)詞現(xiàn)象主要在冠詞、介詞、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、主謂一致、代詞、連詞、詞形。2.平時(shí)應(yīng)加強(qiáng)基本功訓(xùn)練，用一個(gè)“錯(cuò)題集”本把自己或同學(xué)在書面表達(dá)中出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤歸納一下，以便考前復(fù)習(xí)。短文改錯(cuò)與書面表達(dá)一樣，最能反映一個(gè)人的語(yǔ)言功底。大家在該題上失分最厲害，因?yàn)榇祟}而影響英語(yǔ)總成績(jī)的占大多數(shù)。大家應(yīng)把改錯(cuò)內(nèi)容當(dāng)作一篇小短文來(lái)理解，這樣能對(duì)短文有個(gè)宏觀把握，對(duì)上下文有全面的了解。在理解篇章的基礎(chǔ)上逐句審讀，分析判斷，上下兼顧，把明顯的、拿的準(zhǔn)的題先做完，這樣可以縮小包圍圈，也有助于對(duì)全文的進(jìn)一步理解。1.查看時(shí)態(tài)是否一致。Myfavoritesportisfootball.Iwasamemberofourfootballteam.全文都是用的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，此句中的was顯然與上下文語(yǔ)境不符，應(yīng)改為am。2.查看主謂是否一致。Anyonemayborrowbooks,anditcostnothingtoborrowthem.cost應(yīng)改為costs，因其主語(yǔ)是it(為形式主語(yǔ))，且上下文均為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。3.查指代是否一致。TheSmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeelathome.句中的主語(yǔ)theSmiths表的是Smith一家人，因此指示代詞his應(yīng)改為their。4.查平行結(jié)構(gòu)是否平行一致。由and,or,but,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...,aswellas等并列連詞和詞組連接的結(jié)構(gòu)可稱為平行結(jié)構(gòu)。Itwasverykindofthemtomeetmeattherailwaystationanddrovemetotheirhome.句中的drove顯然與and前面的tomeet不平行，應(yīng)改為drive。5.查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與修飾詞語(yǔ)或上下文是否一致。Westudyquiteafewsubject,suchasMaths,Chinese...quiteafew只能修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，故subject應(yīng)改為subjects。6.查行文邏輯是否一致。Mostpeoplecanquicklygethelpfromadoctororgotoahospitalsincetheyareill.根據(jù)行文邏輯，這里不應(yīng)該由since來(lái)引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，而應(yīng)該是when/whenever或if來(lái)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句。短文改錯(cuò)是有一定的規(guī)律可循的，縱觀近幾年的高考試題及我們平常的模擬考試，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)短文改錯(cuò)主要有以下十大錯(cuò)誤：1.形容詞與副詞的誤用。如exciting與excited，hard與hardly，possible與possibly，here與there等，以及形容詞與副詞的比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)。2.名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)誤用。如在several，many，various，different，afew，oneof等之后，常用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，在every與each之后常用單數(shù)。3.代詞的誤用。如you與your，it’s與its，it與they或them，one與ones，賓格(如me)與反身代詞(如myself)等的誤用。4.介詞的誤用、缺少或多余。常見的如in與on，to與for，instead與insteadof，because與becauseof等的誤用。5.時(shí)態(tài)的錯(cuò)誤?？匆黄恼拢幸环N大局觀，要上前下掛，看看上下文的時(shí)態(tài)是否一致。6.連詞的誤用。如or與and的誤用，and與but的誤用，so與but的誤用，because或since與so連用，though與but連用等。7.第三人稱單數(shù)后的動(dòng)詞形式。8.一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)的誤用。如so...that被誤用作very...that，too...to被誤用very...to，as...as被誤作so...as等。9.定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞的誤用。10.一些常用詞的誤用。如what與how，except與besides，any與some以及它們的合成詞如anything與something，anywhere與somewhere等混淆不清。改完后，要回過頭來(lái)重讀一遍全文，查看改過后是否能使語(yǔ)氣通順，時(shí)態(tài)一致，合乎邏輯。再次通讀可以在初改時(shí)感覺不順的地方集中精力，仔細(xì)推敲，使答案更加準(zhǔn)確。在平常的學(xué)習(xí)中一定要注重語(yǔ)感的培養(yǎng)，英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的根本任務(wù)是學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言，而學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的根本在于學(xué)習(xí)和習(xí)得語(yǔ)感。語(yǔ)感一旦形成，就為英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)打下了良好的基礎(chǔ)。語(yǔ)言是學(xué)出來(lái)的，所以要學(xué)好語(yǔ)言，一定要多讀多背，尤其是背，它是語(yǔ)言習(xí)得最重要的途徑之一。單句改錯(cuò).(下列句子各有一處錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)改正)1.NowpeoplegetalotofinformationsfromTV.2.GermanisaEuropeancountry.3.Theydidn’twantmetodoanyworkatfamily.4.YesterdayImetanoldfriendofmyfather.5.Boysandgirls,don’tlosehearts.Dobetternexttime.6.Theyareofdifferentsize.7.Itissobeautifulplacethatyoumustvisitit.8.Whataterribleweatherwehavebeenhaving!9.IttookplaceinFrance,anEuropeancountry.10.SuddenlyIcaughtasightofmyEnglishteacherinthecrowd.11.Whatgoodtimewehadlastnight!12.Weshallspendthree-dayholidaytogether.13.Icametounderstandthatwasnoteasytoearnmoney.14.Someparentsthinkuselessforgirlstogotoschool.15.Whenheboughtachocolatecake,heputtheminasecretplace.16.OnedayIwrotealittlestoryandshowedtomyteacher.17.It’simportantthatweshouldthinkoverbeforedoinganything.18.Thetruckwasmovingsofastthatthedrivercouldn’tcontrol.19.Iapologizedandcontrolledmeatmybesttillthedinnerstarted.20.Wemusttakepartinthesocialpracticetoprepareuswellforourfuture.21.Theteacherdidnotpunishforcheatingbutinsteadgavemeasecondchance.22.Henrydidnotlikehiscar,thatranbadlyandoftenbrokedown.23.Therewasafive-poundnoteinthepocketofthetrousersIhadtoldhertowashit.24.Peoplecanhardlydosomefishingthere.25.Ivisitedaplacewhereissurroundedbymountains.26.Iamsureyouwillfindoneyoulikeit.27.Itwasyesterdaywhenhebrokethewindow.28.Hehadlosthisglasseswithoutthemhecouldn’tsee.29.OliverTwist,theheroofthestory,hewasanorphan.30.Itstartswithchoosingatreefromneitherafarmorastore.31.Sheneverhasenoughtimeforthatshewantstodo.32.IfindwhatIhaveoneshortcominginmycharacter.33.Whatnecessaryitisthatwegetridofthebadhabits.34.Itdidn’tmatterthatIwouldwinornot.35.PeopleintheUSdrinkmorecoffeethanpeopleinanycountry.36.Thedevelopmentwillbringusmuchmorehopesandchances.37.TheOlympicsareheldeachfouryears.38.Asummer,Fanetraveledabroad.39.Ihopeyouthinkaboutmyrequestassoonaspossibly.40.IknowyouareparticularinterestedinHumanRights.41.Asthereisnoairorwater,therecanbenolife,too.42.ThereweretoomanynicethingsthatIdidn’tknowwhattochoose.43.Hedecidestotravelalotandvisitsuchmanynewplacesaspossible.44.Icouldn’tseeasclearasbefore.45.Thewaterinitissodirtythatitsmellsterribly.46.Iappreciateyourhelpverywell.47.Youalwaysgavemespeciallyattentionandinspiredme.48.Itwasuntilmidnightthatitstoppedraining.49.Peoplebothathomeandabroadhavebeengreathelpedbythenewcomputer.50.Hehastoworkifhewantstolivecomfortable.51.Sheisabraveandhonestygirl.52.Itismucheasytomakeplansthantocarrythemout.53.Itisconvenientformetopreparefortheexamthanbefore.54.Hegavemeanorderworthy15milliondollars.55.ThetreewasputintoaChristmasstandthatholdsthetreeupstraightly.56.IsteachingkidsEnglishasinterestedasyouexpectedincollege?57.Wehadguestslastnightwhohadnotstayedinitago.58.Weareallverymuchactiveandtheactivitiesareenjoyable.59.Ifyouwon’twanttotakeataxi,youcangobybus.60.Ourcityisamoderncity.Itsetupintheearly1980s.61.Badhabitsnotcomesuddenly.62.IhavecaughtabadcoldforaweekandIcan’tgetridofit.63.Followingtheroadandyouwillfindthestore.64.Irushoverwithoutdelay,jumpedintothewaterandswamtowardshim.65.Youmustdoeverythingyoucanhelpthem.66.Whenarabbitseesomethingdangerous,itrunsaway.67.Itstail,whichiswhite,movingupanddownasitruns.68.ThinkperhapsIwastootired,Istoodupandwasgoingtosleep.69.IwasoftentiredandwatchTVdemandslittleeffort.70.Thelittlegirlhurriedhomewiththeremainedmoney.71.Hisyoungpatientwassoonabletogetupandranaboutagain.72.Itwaskindofthemtomeetmeatthestationanddrovemetotheirhome.73.Shelikeditverymuchandreadsittotheclass.74.Therewereover1000studentsattendit.75.IsitlikelytobeanyfoodatthepartyonSaturday?76.Pleaseexcuseusfornotabletosaygoodbyetoyou.77.Hespendshoursonthetelephone,talkstohisfriends.78.Fillingwithmanypeople,theroomiscrowded.79.Attheinterviewtherearemanypeoplewhowaittointerviewedforjobs.80.Itwillcostarocketahundredthousandyearstoreachit.81.Thereusedtohaveachurchinfrontoftheschool.82.Hopeyougreatsuccessinyourwork!83.Allyoucandoisencouraginghim,showhimunderstandingandofferhimadvice.84.InFridayafternoon,somestudentstookpartinaspeechactivity.85.Inafewweeksthestorywasreturnedtoher.86.ItwasveryfinewhenIgotupearlyonlastSundaymorning.87.IrushedoutthehouseasquicklyasIcould.88.Itisnecessarytodecidewhatisworthtakingnotice.89.IhaddifficultyingrammarafterIenteredintotheschool.90.Shecouldhardlyaffordforthemedicalcare.91.Butwedon’tseemtohavemuchtimetotalkabouttogether.92.Hewaspunishedbecausewhathehaddone.93.Theiceisn’tthickenoughforustoskate.94.Igaveyoumyluggageataquarterofanhourago.95.Iamwritingtothankyouwithyourkindhelp.96.Hemeanstocomenoearlierasthattime.97.Wemustreturnbacktoschoolthisafternoon98.Childasheis,butheknowsalot.99.Havingbeenillforalongtime,soshefellbehindherclassmates.100.Thinkinghehappenedtohavenoworktodo,andhecamebackhome.Answers1-5informations-information;German-Germany;family-home;father-father’s;hearts-heart;6-10size-sizes;aplace;刪除a;an-a;刪除a11-15agoodtime;athree-day;that后加it;think后加it;them-it;16-20showed后加it;think后加it;control后加it;me-myself;us-ourselves;21-25punish后加me;that-which;刪除it;some-any;where-which;26-30刪除it;when-that;them-which;刪除he;neither-either;31-35that-what;what-t