Unit7SectionA被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解及練習(xí)2023-2024學(xué)年人教版九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)全冊(cè)

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解及練習(xí)（一）語(yǔ)態(tài)：英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)是通過(guò)動(dòng)詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的。英語(yǔ)中有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。例如：ManypeoplespeakChinese.謂語(yǔ)：speak的動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)manypeople來(lái)執(zhí)行的。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。例如：Chineseisspokenbymanypeople.主語(yǔ)English是動(dòng)詞speak的承受者。（二）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be＋及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過(guò)be的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的?，F(xiàn)以speak為例說(shuō)明被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在各種時(shí)態(tài)中的構(gòu)成。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am／is／are＋spoken一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was／were＋spoken一般將來(lái)時(shí)：will／shallbe＋spoken現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am／is／arebeing＋spoken過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/werebeing＋spoken現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have／hasbeen＋spoken過(guò)去完成時(shí)：hadbeen+spoken（三）主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法（1）把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。（2）把謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)（be＋過(guò)去分詞）（根據(jù)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子里的主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來(lái)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)決定be的形式）。（3）把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)放在介詞by之后作賓語(yǔ)，將主格改為賓格。例如：Allthepeoplelaughedathim.→Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.→Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.Hecutdownatree.→Atreewascutdownbyhim.（四）含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí)，由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.→Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Theyshoulddoitatonce.→Itshouldbedoneatonce.（五）特殊情況。1.不及物動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如appear,disappear,fail,happen,last,remain,spread,breakout,etrue,takeplace…(錯(cuò))Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.(對(duì))Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.2.有些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。這些動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)以物居多，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)和特征。這類動(dòng)詞有許多，如:read，write，clean，cook，cut，wear，carry…Thispenwriteswell.Thisnewbooksellswell.3.感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞使用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不帶to，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，須加上to.一感二聽(tīng)三使四看，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)to省略，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)to還原。seesbdosth（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）sbbeseentodo（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）一感二聽(tīng)三使（使役動(dòng)詞）四看feelhear、listentomake、let、have（馬蘭花）see、watch、notice、observe例：makesomebodydosomething→somebody+be+madetodosomethingseesomebodydosomething→somebody+be+seentodosomethingAgirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepassedby.→Mywalletwasseentodropbyagirlwhenshepassedby.Thebossmadethelittleboydoheavywork.→Thelittleboywasmadetodoheavyworkbytheboss.Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.→Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.4.如果是接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，直接賓語(yǔ)(物)作主語(yǔ)，那么動(dòng)詞后要用介詞，這個(gè)介詞是由與其搭配的動(dòng)詞決定。常帶雙賓語(yǔ)的詞有：tell、show、lend、pass、give、buy等。Hegavemeabook.→Abookwasgiventomebyhim.Heshowedmeaticket.→Aticketwasshowntomebyhim.Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.→Anewbikewasboughtformebymyfather.5.一些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)應(yīng)當(dāng)看作一個(gè)整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。Wecan'tlaughathim.→Hecan’tbelaughedatbyus.Helistenstotheradioeveryday.→Theradioislistenedtobyhimeveryday.Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman.→Thesickmanisbeingtakencareofbythenurse.6.一些表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：have,belongto等。例如：1)Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.=Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.2)Yououghttotakeitaway.=Itoughttobetakenaway.3)Theyshoulddoitatonce.=Itshouldbedoneatonce（六）常見(jiàn)的句型結(jié)構(gòu)：Itis(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought......）that......大家同意（相信、決定、希望、認(rèn)為）......Itis(was)wellknownthat......眾所周知Itis(was)said(reported，heard，told，suggested)that......據(jù)說(shuō)(報(bào)道、聽(tīng)說(shuō)、告知、建議......)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．21．（2020·山東濱州市·中考真題）—WillyougotoLisa'shousewarmingpartynextSunday?—Well,ifI_,Iwillgoontime.A．invite B．willinvite C．a(chǎn)minvited D．willbeinvited2.（2020·廣西百色市·中考真題）Moretreeseveryyeartomakeourcitygreener.A．isplanted B．a(chǎn)replanted C．wasplanted D．wereplanted3．（2020·內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特市·中考真題）Mymotherreadingbooksathome__invitedtodinnersattimes.A．preferred;tobeing B．preferredto;ratherthanC．preferred;thanbeing D．preferred;tobe4．（2020·貴州黔南布依族苗族自治州·中考真題）WiththedevelopmentofChina,Chinese_bymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.A．speaks B．isspoken C．speak D．isspeaking5．（2020·貴州畢節(jié)市·中考真題）Theairpollutionisveryseriousinourcity.Somethingaboutitnow.A．cando B．mustdo C．wasdone D．mustbedone6．（2019·四川宜賓市·中考真題）TheticketsforTheWanderingEarth_well,andtheywillsoon.A．a(chǎn)resold;sellout B．a(chǎn)resold;soldout C．sell;besoldout7．（2019·四川達(dá)州市·中考真題）﹣Wherewillthe2022WinterOlympics，Cindy？﹣InBeijing，thecapitalofChina，thefirstcitytohostbothSummerandWinterOlympics．A．betakenplaceB．takeplaceC．takepart D．betakenpart8．（2020·金昌市第七中學(xué)九年級(jí)其他模擬）Yourbikeneedsatonce.A．repair B．repairing C．berepaired D．torepair9．（2020·黑龍江哈爾濱市·九年級(jí)零模）—WouldyoupleasesaysomethingaboutthebookLittleWomen?—OK,thisbookiswellworth__.Itisaboutfoursistersgrowingup.A．toberead B．beingreading C．reading10.（2018·海南中考39.）Lookatthetreesonbothsidesofthestreets.They______lastspring.A.planted B.wereplanted C.wereplanting11.(2018·臨沂20.)Jane_______tocallmelastnight,butshedidn’t.A.supposedB.supposesC.wassupposedD.issuppose12.（2018·重慶B卷32.）—Who’sthelittlegirlinthephoto,Laura?—It’sme.Thisphoto_____whenIwasfive.istaken B.takes C.wastaken D.took二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。1.It’ssaid(據(jù)說(shuō))thatthelongbridge______________（build）intwomonths.2.Wheretohavethemeeting______________（discuss）now.3.Whichlanguage______________themostwidely______________（speak）intheworld?4.Thelostboy______________（notfind）sofar.5.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees______________（cut）down.6.Thestudents______________often______________(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.7.Theoldmanisill.He______________(mustsend)tothehospital.8.Vegetables,eggsandfruits______________(sell)inthisshop.9.—What______________knives______________(make)of?—They______________(make)ofmetal(金屬)andwood.10.Canthemagazine______________(take)outofthelibrary?1.(2020?北京中考)ThekiteinChinamorethan2,000yearsago.A.inventsB.inventedC.isinventedD.wasinvented2.(2019年湖南長(zhǎng)沙中考)Perfectphotos!Goodskills!Thankyou.They__________bymyHuaweimobilephone.Infact,Iamnotskillfulatall.A.tookB.weretakenC.willbetaken3.(2019年云南昆明中考)Withtherapidprogressinhightechnology,5G___aroundmostpartsofChinainthenearfuture.A.isusedB.isusingC.willuseD.willbeused4.(2019年內(nèi)蒙古呼倫貝爾中考)It’snotyourturnyet.Pleasewaitonthechairuntilyou________.A.arecallingB.willbecalledC.arecalledD.arebeingcalled5.Thesickboytothehospitalassoonaspossible.A.maybetaken B.mustbetaken C.wastaken D.can’tbetaken6.Thegirlthehomeworkthreetimesbyhermother.A.madetocopy B.wasmadecopy C.wasmadetocopy D.madecopy7.When_______theaccident________?A.was,happen B.did