2023年考研外語命題趨勢權威預測試卷9

考研外語命題趨勢權威預測試卷9

一、UseofEnglish

1、Theuseofnuclearpowerhasalreadyspreadalloverthe

world.(1),scientistsstillhavenotagreedwithwhat

shouldbedonewiththelarge(2)ofwastematerialsthat

(3)toincreaseeveryyear.Mostwastematerials(4)

ofsimplybyplacingthemsomewhere.Butnuclearwastemustbe

(5)withgreatcare.It(6)dangerousradiationand

itwillcontinuetobe(7)forhundredsofthousands,even

millionsofyears.

Howshouldweget(8)ofsuchwastematerialinsuchaway

(9)itwillnotharmthe(10)?Wherecanwe(11)

distributeit?Oneideaistoputthisradioactivewasteinside

athickcontainer,whichis(12)droppedtothedeepbottom

oftheocean.(13)somescientistsbelievethatthisway

of(14)nuclearwastecouldkillfishandotherliving

thingsintheoceansorinterfere(15)theirgrowth.

Anotherwayto(16)nuclearwasteistosenditintospace,

tothesun,(17)itwouldbeburned.Otherscientists

suggestthatthispollutingmaterialbe(18)thousandsof

metersundertheearth'ssurface.Suchundergroundareasmust

befree(19)possibleearthquakes,andadvancesarebeing

made.Butitmaystillbemanyyears(20)thisproblem

couldbefinallysettled.

A.Moreover

B.Though

C.Therefore

D.Otherwise

2、(2)

A.number

B.amounts

C.sum

D.measure

3、⑶

A.incline

B.commence

C.tend

D.jerk

4、(4)

A.drained

B.dumped

C.discharged

D.disposed

5、⑸

A.dealt

B.handled

C.coped

D.processed

6、(6)

A.dropsoff

B.givesoff

C.leavesoff

D.setsoff

7、(7)

A.efficient

B.unfavorable

C.deadly

D.painful

8、(8)

A.touch

B.hold

C.grasp

D.rid

9、(9)

3

A.so

B.which

C.that

D.thus

10、(10)

A.environment

B.situation

C.location

D.residence

IK(11)

A.reasonably

B.rationally

C.regularly

D.safely

12、(12)

A.then

B.even

C.ever

D.only

13、(13)

A.And

B.But

4

C.Still

D.Thereby

14、(14)

A.scattering

B.preserving

C.containing

D.discarding

15、(15)

A.in

B.with

C.against

D.at

16、(16)

A.remove

B.deliver

C.transport

D.spread

17、(17)

A.where

B.when

C.there

D.while

5

18、(18)

A.covered

B.deposited

C.buried

D.reserved

19、(19)

A.from

B.of

C.for

D.about

20、(20)

A.until

B.after

C.before

D.unless

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Thelongyearoffoodshortageinthiscountryhavesuddenly

givenwaytoapparentabundance.Storesandshopsarechoked

withfood.Rationing(定量供應)isvirtuallysuspended,and

overseassuppliershavebeenaskedtoholdbackdeliveries.Yet,

insteadofjoy,thereiswidespreaduneasinessaridconfusion.

Whydofoodpriceskeeponrising,whenthereseemstobeso

muchmorefoodabout?Istheabundanceonlytemporary,orhas

itcometostay?Doesitmeanthatweneedtothinklessnow

aboutproducingmorefoodathome?Nooneknowswhattoexpect.

Therecentgrowthofexport-surplusesontheworldfoodmarket

hascertainlybeenunexpectedlygreat,partlybecauseastrange

sequenceoftwosuccessfulgrainharvestsinNorthAmericais

nowbeingfollowedbyathird.MostofBritain，soverseas

suppliersofmeat,too,areofferingmorethisandhome

productionhasalsorisen.

Buttheeffectofallthisonthefoodsituationinthiscountry

hasbeenmadeworsebyasimultaneousriseinfoodprices,due

chieflytothegradualcuttingdownofgovernmentsupportfor

food.Theshopsareoverstockedwithfoodnotonlybecausethere

ismorefoodavailable,butalsobecausepeople,frightenedby

highprices,arebuyinglessofit.

Moreover,theriseindomesticpriceshascomeatatimewhen

worldpriceshavebeguntofall,withtheresultthatimported

food,withtheexceptionofgrain,isoftencheaperthanthe

home-producedvariety.Andnowgrainpricestooarefalling.

Consumersarebeginningtoaskwhytheyshouldnotbeenabled

tobenefitfromthistrend.

Thesignificanceofthesedevelopmentsisnotlostonfarmers.

Theoldergenerationhaveseenitallhappenbefore.Despite

thepresentpriceandmarketguarantees,farmersfeartheyare

abouttobesqueezedbetweencheapfoodimportsandashrinking

homemarket.Presentproductionisrunningat51percentabove

pre-warlevels,andthegovernmenthascalledforanexpansion

to60percentby1956;butrepeatedministerialadviceis

carryinglittleweightandtheexpansionprogramisnotworking

verywell.

Whydoestheauthormention"thereiswide-spreaduneasiness

andconfusion”(Para.1)?

A.Theabundantfoodsupplyisnotexpectedtolast

B.Britainisimportinglessfood

C.Despitetheabundance,foodpriceskeeprising

D.Britainwillcutbackonitsproductionoffood

2、

Itisclearthatthemainreasonfortheriseinfoodprices

isthat

A.peoplearebuyinglessfood

B.thegovernmentisprovidinglessfinancialsupportfor

agriculture

C.domesticfoodproductionhasdecreased

D.importedfoodisdrivingpriceshigher

3、

Thereasonforthegovernment,sexpansionprogramworkingnot

sowellis

A.becausethefarmerswereuncertainaboutthefinancial

supportthegovernmentguaranteed

B.becausethefarmerswereuncertainaboutthebenefitsof

expandingproduction

C.becausethefarmerswereuncertainwhetherforeignmarkets

couldbefoundfortheirproduce

D.becausetheoldergenerationoffarmerswerestrongly

againsttheprogram

4、

Thedropoftheworldfoodpriceswasaresultof

A.asharpfallinthepurchasingpoweroftheconsumers

B.asharpfaitinthecostoffoodproduction

C.theoverproductionoffoodinthefood-importingcountries

D.theoverproductiononthepartofthemainfood-exporting

countries

5、

ThefutureforBritain，sfoodproductionatthattimelooked

likethat

A.thefallinworldfoodpriceswouldbenefitBritishfood

producers

B.anexpansionoffoodproductionwasathand

C.Britishfoodproducerswouldreceivemoregovernment

financialsupport

D.itlooksdepressingdespitegovernmentguarantees

6、AnEnglishschoolboywouldonlyaskhisfriend:"Wassatime,

then?”Tohisteacherhewouldbemuchmorelikelytospeakin

amorestandardizedaccentandask:"Excuseme,sirmayIhave

thecorrecttimeplease?”Peoplearegenerallyawarethatthe

phrasesandexpressionstheyusearedifferentfromthoseof

earliergenerations;buttheyconcedelessthattheirown

behavior,alsovariesaccordingtothesituationinwhichthey

findthemselves;Peoplehavecharacteristicwaysoftalking,

whicharerelativelystableacrossvaryingsituations.

Nevertheless,distinctcontexts,anddifferentlisteners,

demanddifferentpatternsofspeechfromoneandthesame

speaker.

Notonlythis,but,inmanycases,thewaysomeonespeaks

affectstheresponseofthepersontowhomheisspeakingin

suchawaythat“modeling“isseentooccur.ThisiswhatMichael

Argylehascalled''responsematchingz，.Severalstudieshave

shownthat,themoreonerevealsaboutoneselfinordinary

conversation,andthemoreintimatethesedetailsare,themore

personalsecretstheotherpersonwilldivulge.

Responsematching,has,infact,beennotedbetweentwo

speakersinanumberofways,includinghowlongsomeonespeaks,

thelengthofpauses,speechrateandvoiceloudness.The

correspondencebetweenthelengthofreportersquestionswhen

interviewingPresidentKennedy,andthelengthofhisreplies

hasbeenshowntohaveincreasedoverthedurationofhis

1961—1963newsconferences.Argylesaysthisprocessmaybe

oneof"imitation”.TwoAmericanresearchers,Jaffeand

Feldstein,prefertothinkofitasthespeaker'sneedfor

equilibrium.Neitheroftheseexplanationsseemsparticularly

convincing.Itmaybethatresponsematchingcanbemore

profitablyconsideredasanunconsciousreflectionof

speakers'needsforsocialintegrationwithoneanother.

Thisprocessofmodelingtheotherperson'sspeechina

conversationcouldalsobetermedspeechconvergence.Itmay

onlybeoneaspectofamuchwiderspeechchange.Inother

situations,speechdivergencemayoccurwhencertainfactors

encourageapersontomodifyhisspeechawayfromtheindividual

heisdealingwith.Forexample,aretiredbrigadier，swife,

renownedforherincessantsnobbishness,mayreturnhervehicle

tothelocalgaragebecauseofinadequateservicing,voicing

hercomplaintinelaboratelyphrased,yetmechanically

unsophisticated（不老練的）language,withahighsoft-pitched

voice.Thesesuperiorairsandgracesmaysimplymakethe

mechanicreplywithaflourishofalmostincomprehensible

technicalities,andinalouder,moredeeply-pitchedvoicethan

hewouldhaveusedwithalessirritatingcustomer.

WhatdoestheexampleoftheEnglishschoolboyinparagraph

1indicate?

A.Nowadays,Englishschoolboysareimpolitetowardspeople

excepttowardstheirteachers

B.Thewayofaskingtimeisdifferentfromthatofearlier

generations

C.People'sspeakingstylesvaryaccordingtothedifferent

situations

D.People'swaysofspeakingarerelativelystableonvarying

occasions

7、

InParagraph2,severalstudieshaveshownthatthemore;

不______Q

9!12

themorepersonal'secrets'onepersonwilldivulge.

A.intimatetheirrelationshipis

B.ordinarytheirconversationis

C.quicktheother，sresponseis

D.personalsecretstheotherpersonreveals

8、

Accordingtothepassage,whatistheprobablereasonforthe

longerrepliesofPresidentKennedy?

A.Thereportersaskedsomedifficultandembarrassing

questions

B.PresidentKennedyunconsciouslysoughtsocialintegration

withotherpeople

C.PresidentKennedywasimitatingthereporters

D.PresidentKennedypreferredtalkingequilibriuminhis

conversation

9、

Themechanicaddressfromtheretiredbrigadier，swifeisan

exampleof

A.responsematching

B.speechconvergence

C.speechdivergence

D.needforequilibrium

10、

Whichofthefollowingcanbeanappropriateheadingforthe

passage?

A.DifferentPatternsofSpeechinDifferentSituations

B.ResponseMatchingandSpeechDivergence

C.SocialIntegrationorImitation

D.WaysofSpeakingPresentandPast

11、Afather'srelationshiptohischild，scurrentandfuture

academicsuccessandthelevelofhisorherdevelopmentin

academicpotentialandscholasticachievementarebothfactors

withsomeratherinterestingimplicationsthateducatorsare

beginningtostudyandappraise.Asamatteroffact,“l(fā)ifewith

father”,hasbeendiscoveredtobeaveryimportantfactorin

determiningachild'sprogressorlackofprogressinschool.

Arecentsurveyofover16,000childrenmadebytheNational

ChildDevelopmentStudyinLondon,England,revealedthat

childrenwhosefatherscametoschoolconferencesand

accompaniedtheirchildrenonoutingsdidmeasurablybetterin

schoolthandidthosechildrenx,hosefatherswerenotinvolved

intheseactivities.Thestudy,whichmonitoredchildrenborn

duringaweekinMarch,1958,fromthetimeoftheirbirth

throughtheyearsoftheirearlyschooling,furtherrevealed

thatthechildrenofactivelyinvolvedfathersscoredasmuch

assevenmonthshigherinreadingandmathsthandidthose

childrenwhoseonlyinvolvedparentwasthemother.Thepurpose

ofthestudywastoevaluatetheroleplayedbyfathersinthe

raisingofachild.Itindicatedamuchhigherlevelofparental

involvementbythefatherthanhadbeenanticipated.Over66%

ofthefathersweresaidtohaveplayedamajorroleinparental

responsibility.

Thestudyalsosuggestedthatthegreatestlevelofparental

parentingtookplaceinthefamiliesofonlychildren.Asthe

numberofchildrenandfinancialobligationsincreased,the

father'sapparentinterestandinvolvementwiththechildren

decreased.However,nomatterwhatthesizeoffinancial

conditionofthefamily,afather'sactiveparticipationinthe

child'sdevelopmentmadegreatdifferenceinthechildren，s

progress.

Thestudyfurtherrevealedthatwhilethefrequencyof

overnightabsencesreflectedacorrespondingdeficiencyofthe

child'slevelinmathsandreading,afather,semploymenton

lateshiftsappearedtohavelittleeffectonthechild's

academicprogress.Thedatafromthestudywasobtained

primarilythroughinterviewswithparents,teachersand

physicians.Theinformationevaluatingthelevelofthe

father'sparentingperformancewaselicitedprimarilyfromthe

admittedlysubjectiveobservationsoftheirwives.

Itwasimpliedfromthepassagethat

A.childreninlargefamiliestendtodopoorlyinschool

B.afather;sinfluenceplayedasignificantfactorinthe

levelofthechild'sacademicprogress

C.mothersweresubjectiveinevaluatingtherolesplayedby

fathers

D.thereisacorrelationbetweensocio-economicstatusand

scholasticachievement

12、

Thedataaccumulatedwasobtainedthrough

A.observationbysocialpsychologists

B.conversationswithmothersofthechildren

C.interviews,schoolrecordsandphysicians'reports

D.observationoffatherswiththeirchildren

13、

Al1ofthechildrenstudied

A.attendedthesameschool

B.livedinthesameneighborhood

C.wereinthesamesocio-economicclass

D.werethesameage

14、

Childrenwhogenerallytendedtoprogressacademically

were______

A.thosewhosemothersgavethemmoreaffection

B.childrenwhohadbeengivenabalanceddiet

C.thosewhosefathersworkedthenightshift

D.thosewhohadnobrothersor-sisters

15、

Evidenceindicatedthatahighpercentageoffatherswere

involvedintheparentingprocess,whichamountedto

A.abouttwo-thirdsofthefathersinvolvedinthestudy

B.alittlelessthanonehundredpercentofallfathers

C.slightlylessthanhalfofthefathersstudied

D.morethanthree-quartersofallthefathers

16、Alotofpeoplebelievethattelevisionhasaharmful

effectonchildren.Afewyearsago,thesamecriticismswere

madeofthecinema.Butalthoughchildpsychologistshavespent

agreatdealoftimestudyingthisproblem,thereisnotmuch

evidencethat,televisionbringsaboutjuveniledelinquency.

Fewpeopleinthemodernworldsharetheviewsofparentsa

hundredyearsago.Inthosedays,writersforchildren

不______Q

$17

carefullyavoidedanyreferencetosexintheirbooksbuthad

noinhibitionsaboutincludingscenesofviolence.Thesedays

childrenareoftenbroughtuptothinkfreelyaboutsexbut

violenceisdiscouraged.Nevertheless,televisioncompanies

receivealargenumberofletterseveryweekcomplainabout

programmeswithadultsthemesbeingshownattimeswhenafew

youngchildrenmaybeawake.Strangelyenough,theparentswho

complainabouttheseprogrammesseenoharmincartoonfilms

forchildreninwhichthevillain,usuallyeitherananimalor

amonster,butinsomecasesahumanbeing,suffersonebrutal

punishmentafteranother.

Thefactisthat,aseveryparentknows,differentthings

frightendifferentchildren.Onechildcanreadaghoststory

withouthavingbaddreamswhileanothercannotbeartohavethe

bookinhisroom.Inthesameway,thereislittleconsistency

aboutthethingsthatterrifyadults.Almosteveryonehasan

irrationalprivatefearbutwhilesomeofuscannotstandthe

sightofspiders,forexample,othersarefrightenedofsnakes

orrats.

Theevidencecollectedsuggests,however,thatneitherthe

subjectnortheactioninitselffrightenschildren.The

contextinwhichcrueltyorviolenceoccursismuchmore

important.

Agoodguidetowhatispsychologicallyhealthyforasmall

childisthereforeprovidedbyatelevisionseriesinwhicha

boyandagirlaresupposedtobeexploringdistantplanetswith

theirparents.Ineachstory,theyencounterstrangemonsters

andfindthemselvesindangeroussituationsbuttheparentsare

reassuringandsensible,asachild，sparentsshouldbeinreal

life.Thereisanadultcharacterwhoisacowardandaliar,

butboththechildrenarebraveandofcourseeverystoryends

happily.

Somepeoplethinkchildrenshouldbeexposedtotheproblems

ofreallifeassoonaspossible.Buttheycannothelpseeing

thesethroughnewprogrammes.Whentheyarebeingentertained,

thehealthiestatmosphereisoneinwhichtheheroandheroine

arechildrenlikethemselveswhobehavenaturallyand

confidentlyinanysituation.

Psychologists

A.believethattelevisioncausesjuveniledelinquency

B.thinkthattelevisionprogrammesareharmless

C.cannotfindmuchevidenceofadirectconnectionbetween

televisionandjuveniledelinquency

D.believethattelevisionhasaharmfuleffectonchildren

17、

Parentswhowriteletterstocomplaintelevision

companies

A.donotlikeadultprogrammes

B.areafraidtheirchildrenwillbeharmedbyseeingadult

programmes

C.thinkcartoonfilmsaretooviolent

D.believethattelevisionprogrammesareharmlessto

children

18、

Whichstatementistrue?

A.Childrenwhoreadghoststorieshavebaddreams

B.Almosteveryoneissecretlyafraidofsomething

C.Alladultsareafraidofspiders

D.Nooneisfrightenedofrats

19、

Thetelevisionprogrammesthatfrightenchildrenarethose

that______

A.includescenesofviolence

B.dealwithunpleasantsubjects

C.containcrueltyorviolenceinacontexttheyassociate

withtheirownsituation

D.arefullofwildanimals

20、

Thetelevisionseriesmentionedishealthyinthat

A.thechildrenareshownasbraveandconfident

B.itisunreal

C.theonlybadcharacter*isadult

D.thechildrenwhowatchtheseriescanplayapartinit

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.For

Questions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、

B、C、D、E、F、G...)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.

Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthe

gaps.(10points)

Applicantswhohaveneverbeenissuedapassportintheirown

namemustexecuteanapplicationinpersonbefore(1)apassport

agent;(2)aclerkofanyfederalcourtorstatecourtofrecord

orajudgeorclerkofanyprobatecourtacceptingapplications;

(3)apostalemployeedesignatedbythepostmasteratapost

officethathasbeenselectedtoacceptpassportapplications;

or(4)aU.S.diplomaticorconsularofficerabroad.

(41).Iftheapplicanthasnopriorpassportandwasborn

intheU.S.,acertifiedcopyofhis/herbirthcertificate

不______Q

q21

generallymustbepresentedtotheagentacceptingthepassport

application.Tobeacceptable,thecertificatemustshowthe

givennameandsurname,thedateandplaceofbirth,andthat

thebirthrecordwasfiledshortlyafterbirth.Adelayedbirth

certificate(arecordfiledmorethan1yearafterthedateof

birth)isacceptableprovidedthatitshowsthatacceptable

secondaryevidencewasusedforcreatingthisrecord.

(42).Thenoticemustbeaccompaniedbythebest

obtainablesecondaryevidence,suchasabaptismalcertificate

orahospitalbirthrecord.

Anaturalizedcitizenwithnopreviouspassportmustpresent

aCertificateofNaturalization.Apersonbornabroadclaiming

U.S.citizenshipthrougheitheranative-bornornaturalized

citizenparentmustnormallysubmitaCertificateof

CitizenshipissuedbytheImmigrationandNaturalization

Service;oraConsularReportofBirthorCertificationofBirth

AbroadissuedbytheDept,ofState.(43).

Additionally,ifcitizenshipisderivedthroughbirthto

citizenparent(s),thefollowingdocumentswillberequired:

parents，marriagecertificateshowingperiodsandplacesof

residenceorphysicalpresenceintheU.S.andabroad,

specifyingperiodsspentabroadintheemploymentoftheU.S.

government,includingthearmedforces,orwithcertain

internationalorganizations.(44).

Itisimportanttoapplyforapassportasfarinadvanceas

possible.PassportofficesarebusiestbetweenMarchand

September.Itcantakeseveralweekstoreceiveyourpassport.

45).

A.Ifabirthcertificateisnotobtainable,anoticefroma

stateregistrarmustbesubmittedstatingthatnobirthrecord

exists.

B.Anyapplicantwithoutpriorpassportneedsabirth

certificateprovidedbyahospitalorclinicanywherein

America.

C.Ifoneoftheabovedocumentshasnotbeenobtained,evidence

ofcitizenshipoftheparent(s)throughwhomcitizenshipis

claimedandevidencethatwouldestablishtheparent/child

relationshipmustbesubmitted.

D.Personsinothercircumstancesmaybeeligibletoapplyfor

anewpassportthroughinterviewappointedbyemailorphone.

E.Ifcitizenshipisderivedthroughnaturalizationofparents,

evidenceofadmissiontotheU.S.forpermanentresidencealso

willberequired.

F.Afullvaliditypassportpreviouslyissuedtotheapplicant

oroneinwhichheorshewasincludedwillbeacceptedasproof

ofU.S.citizenship.

G.Personswhopossessthemostrecentpassportissuedwithin

thelast12yearsandaftertheir18thbirthdaymaybeeligible

toapplyforanewpassportbymail.

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26^PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Whenthepublicdemands"lawandorder"andwhennewspapers

editorialstalkaboutthe"risingtideofcrime”,theyhavein

mindmostlystreetcrimecommittedbythepoor.Eventhemassive

reportofthePresident'sCrimeCommission,theChallengeof

CrimeinaFreeSociety,devotedonlytwopagestotheentire

subjectofwhite-collaroffendersandbusinesscrimes.Thedeep

concernwithstreetcrimesisunderstandable.Unlikeaswindler,

whomerelytakesthevictim，smoney,anarmedmuggerthreatens

phys