選擇性必修④ UNIT 5 課下主題訓(xùn)練 自然科學(xué)研究成果

PAGE第6頁(yè)共6頁(yè)選擇性必修④UNIT5課下主題訓(xùn)練自然科學(xué)研究成果Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2021·棗莊質(zhì)檢)It'struethatquiteafewmostrespectedscientificauthoritieshaveconfirmedthattheworldisbecominghotterandhotter.There'salsostrongevidencethathumansarecontributingtothewarming.Countlessrecentreportshaveprovedthesamething.Forinstance,asummaryabouttheclimatesciencebytheRoyalSocietynotedthat:“Theglobalwarmingoverthelasthalf-centuryhasbeencausedmainlybyhumanactivity.”Youmaynotbelievethathumanscouldchangetheplanet'sclimate,butthebasicscienceiswellunderstood.Eachyear,billionsoftonsofgreenhousegasesarereleasedintotheatmospherebecauseofhumanactivity.Ashasbeenknownforyears,thesegasesholdheatthatwouldotherwiseescapetospace,wrappingtheplanetinaninvisibleblanket.Ofcourse,theearth'sclimatehasalwaysbeenchangingdueto“natural”factorssuchasvolcaniceruptionorchangesinsolar,orcyclesconcerningtheEarth'sgoingaroundthesun.Accordingtothescientificresearch,however,thewarmingobservedbynowmatchesthepatternofwarmingwewouldexpectfromabuild-upofgreenhousegasintheatmosphere—notthewarmingwewouldexpectfromotherpossiblecauses.Evenifscientistsdiddiscoveranotherreasonableexplanationforthewarmingrecordedsofar,thatwouldgivebirthtoadifficultquestion.AsRobertHensonputsit:“Ifsomenewlydiscoveredfactoristoblamefortheclimatechange,thenwhyaren'tcarbondioxideandtheothergreenhousegasesproducingthewarmingthatbasicphysicstellsustheyshouldbe？”Theonlywaytoprovewith100%certaintythathumansareresponsibleforglobalwarmingwouldbetorunanexperimentwithtwoidenticalEarths—onewithhumaninfluenceandonewithout.Thatobviouslyisn'tpossible,andsomostscientistsarecarefulnottostatehumaninfluenceasancertainty.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章對(duì)人類(lèi)是否造成了全球變暖這一理論進(jìn)行了論述，表明全球變暖是否是人類(lèi)的影響尚且不能定論。1．Thetextisdevelopedby________.A．givingtypicalexamplesB．followingtheorderofspaceC．comparingandfindingdifferencesD．a(chǎn)nalyzingatheoryandarguingit解析：選D推理判斷題。文章首先對(duì)一個(gè)普遍存在的理論進(jìn)行分析，再引用一些專(zhuān)家的觀點(diǎn)對(duì)這一普遍的理論進(jìn)行辯論，故選D。2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTthecauseofclimatechange?A．Volcaniceruption.B．Floodsanddroughts.C．Changesinsolar.D．CyclesconcerningtheEarth'sgoingaroundthesun.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段第一句可知，洪水和干旱不是造成氣候變化的原因，選B。3．Theunderlineword“identical”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans________.A．exactlythesame B．totallydifferentC．extremelyimportant D．partlyindependent解析：選A詞義猜測(cè)題。由最后一段可知，如果要分析是否是人類(lèi)造成的影響需要有兩個(gè)完全條件一致的實(shí)驗(yàn)，一個(gè)有人類(lèi)活動(dòng)的地球，一個(gè)是沒(méi)有人類(lèi)活動(dòng)的地球，對(duì)兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行參照性的比較，顯然這是不可能的，所以“identical”的意思是“完全一樣的”，故選A。4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitle?A．AreHumansDefinitelyCausingGlobalWarming?B．AreAlltheScientistsReallyScientific?C．WhereIsGlobalWarmingLeadingUsto?D．What'stheRelationofGlobalWarmingandGreenhouseGases?解析：選A標(biāo)題歸納題。這篇文章對(duì)人類(lèi)是否造成了全球變暖這一理論進(jìn)行了論述，表明全球變暖是否是人類(lèi)的影響尚且不能定論，故選A。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五(2021·長(zhǎng)沙雅禮中學(xué)月考)The21stcenturysawgreaterchangesthananycenturybefore:changesforthebetter,changesfortheworse;changesthatbroughtalotofbenefitstohumanbeings,changesthatputmanindanger.__1__Scientificresearchinphysicsandbiologyhasvastlybroadenedourviews.Ithasgivenusadeeperknowledgeofthestructureofmatterandoftheuniverse.__2__Technologyintheapplicationofsciencehasmadebigadvancesthathavebenefitedusinnearlyeverypartoflife.Thecontinuationofsuchactivitieswillresultinevengreateradvantagestohumanbeings:inpurescience—awideranddeeperknowledgeinallfieldsoflearning:inappliedscience—amorereasonablesharingofmaterialbenefits,andbetterprotectionoftheenvironment.__3__Thecreativityofsciencehasbeenemployedindoingdamagetomankind.Theapplicationofscienceandtechnologytothedevelopmentandproductionofweaponsofmassdestructionhascreatedarealdangertothecontinuedexistenceofthehumanraceonthisplanet.__4__AlthoughtheiractualusehassofaroccurredonlyintheSecondWorldWar,thenumberofnuclearweaponsthatwereproducedandmadereadyforusewassolargethatiftheweaponshadactuallybeenused,theresultcouldhavebeentherainofthehumanrace,aswellasofmanykindsofanimals.WilliamShakespearesaid,“Thewebofourlifeisofamingledyarn(紗線(xiàn)),goodandilltogether.”__5__Butdoesithavetobeso?Musttheillalwaysgotogetherwiththegood?Arewebiologicallyprogrammedforwar?A．Wehaveseenthishappeninthecaseofnuclearweapons.B．Sadly,however,thereisanothersidetothepicture.C．Fortunately,sciencehasbroughtuswiththegreatest.D．Itoffersuslessaccesstonatureaswellassociallife.E．Theabovebriefreviewoftheapplicationofonlyonepartofhumanactivities—scienceseemstoprovewhatShakespearesaid.F．Manythingscausedthechanges,but,inmyopinion,themostimportantwastheprogressinscience.G．Ithasbroughtusabetterunderstandingofthenatureoflifeandofitscontinuousdevelopment.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章介紹了在21世紀(jì)，科學(xué)有了很大的進(jìn)步。科學(xué)研究極大地開(kāi)闊了我們的視野，給人類(lèi)帶來(lái)了更大的好處，但另一方面科學(xué)的創(chuàng)造力也被用來(lái)?yè)p害人類(lèi)。1．選F第一段首句提到關(guān)于21世紀(jì)的種種變化；選項(xiàng)F意為：許多事情導(dǎo)致了變化，但在我看來(lái)，最重要的是科學(xué)的進(jìn)步。選項(xiàng)F順承上文的話(huà)題，其中thechanges與上文中多次出現(xiàn)的changes是詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選F。2．選G選項(xiàng)G意為：它使我們對(duì)生命本質(zhì)及其不斷發(fā)展有了更好的理解。選項(xiàng)G中“Ithasbroughtusabetterunderstandingof...”與上一句中的“Ithasgivenusadeeperknowledgeof...”是句式并列，其中it都是指代該段首句中的“Scientificresearchinphysicsandbiology”。故選G。3．選B第二段首句提到“科學(xué)研究使我們擴(kuò)大視野”，第三段首句提到“科學(xué)研究活動(dòng)將給人類(lèi)帶來(lái)更大的好處”；第四段空后一句提到“科學(xué)的創(chuàng)新被用來(lái)?yè)p害人類(lèi)”，該段話(huà)題與文章上兩段的話(huà)題出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折；選項(xiàng)B意為：然而，不幸的是，事情還有另一面。選項(xiàng)B中的however表示轉(zhuǎn)折，承上啟下。故選B。4．選A第四段話(huà)題是科學(xué)創(chuàng)新被利用來(lái)?yè)p害人類(lèi)。選項(xiàng)A意為：我們已經(jīng)在核武器的問(wèn)題上看到了這種情況?？涨耙痪涮岬健鞍l(fā)展和生產(chǎn)大規(guī)模毀滅性武器對(duì)人類(lèi)的繼續(xù)生存造成了危險(xiǎn)”，選項(xiàng)A是順承上一句的話(huà)題，以核武器為例進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明上一句的內(nèi)容。故選A。5．選E選項(xiàng)E意為：以上對(duì)人類(lèi)活動(dòng)——科學(xué)應(yīng)用的僅僅一部分的簡(jiǎn)要回顧似乎證明了莎士比亞所說(shuō)的。選項(xiàng)E中“whatShakespearesaid”即是上一句中“WilliamShakespearesaid”的復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選E。Ⅲ.完形填空WhenIbeganhighschool,Iwasn'taconfidentkid.Ididn'tbelieveIcould__1__collegewhereIcouldtakepartinmanyafter-schoolactivitiesandwasableto__2__manyleadershiproles.Manyteensatthatagewentthroughthingsduringtheirhighschoolyears,andIwasn'tan__3__.MyteachersguidedmethroughsomanydifficultthingsandmadesureIalwaysstayed__4__.Whenthetimetoapplytoauniversitycame,theyencouragedmetotrybecausetheysaw__5__inme.ButIdidn'tthinkthatIwas__6__enoughtoattendafour-yearuniversity.WhileIstudiedinDePauwUniversity,I__7__cultureshock.WhenIcamehomeforabreak,Iwouldgoandvisitmyteachers.Theywerealwayswillingtoletme__8__myexperiences.Theyalwaysgavemesomegoodadvice.Iknewthattheybelievedinme,andIdidn'twantto__Ifithadn'tbeenforthem,Iwouldn'thave__10__fromDePauwUniversity.Whileinhighschool,theyofferedmesomuch__11__inmystudy,buttheyguidedmemoreinmypersonallife.Theiradvicehas__12__animportantpartin__13__whoIamtoday.TheybelievedinmesomuchthatI__14__tobelieveinmyself.Itis__語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了我高中時(shí)缺乏自信，但在老師的鼓勵(lì)和幫助下，我不斷進(jìn)步，最終考上了大學(xué)并獲得了大學(xué)文憑，我由衷地感激我的老師。1．A.visit B．buildC．take D．a(chǎn)ttend解析：選D因?yàn)槲腋咧袝r(shí)缺乏自信，所以我不相信我能上大學(xué)。attend表示“上學(xué)，上課”。2．A.takeup B．takedownC．comeout D．comeup解析：選A我不相信我能在大學(xué)里從事一些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)工作。takeup“從事，占據(jù)”；takedown“記下，取下”；comeout“出來(lái)，出版”；comeup“走上前，被提出”。3．A.expert B．educatorC．exception D．example解析：選C很多那個(gè)年紀(jì)的青少年在高中時(shí)期都會(huì)經(jīng)歷各種各樣的事，我也不例外(exception)。4．A.mysterious B．positiveC．innocent D．potential解析：選D老師們指導(dǎo)我克服很多困難，并確保我總是有潛力(potential)。5．A.nothing B．somethingC．a(chǎn)nything D．everything解析：選B申請(qǐng)上大學(xué)的時(shí)間到了，老師們鼓勵(lì)我去嘗試，因?yàn)樗麄儼l(fā)現(xiàn)我身上有可取的地方(something)。6．A.foolish B．passiveC．smart D．common解析：選C因?yàn)椴蛔孕?，所以我認(rèn)為自己不夠聰明(smart)，難以進(jìn)入四年制的大學(xué)。7．A.earned B．establishedC．evaluated D．experienced解析：選D我在讀大學(xué)的時(shí)候經(jīng)歷了(experience)文化沖擊。8．A.talkabout B．careaboutC