2023-2024學(xué)年湖北省黃岡市高三上學(xué)期9月調(diào)研考試英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

黃岡市2023年高三年級(jí)9月調(diào)研考試英語(yǔ)試題注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的學(xué)校、班級(jí)、姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卷指定位置，認(rèn)真核對(duì)與準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)條形碼上的信息是否一致，并將準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)條形碼粘貼在答題卷上的指定位置。2.選擇題的作答：選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把機(jī)讀卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑，如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。答在試題卷上無效。3.非選擇題的作答：用黑色墨水的簽字筆直接答在答題卷上的每題所對(duì)應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。答在試題卷上或答題卷指定區(qū)域外無效。4.考試結(jié)束，監(jiān)考人員將答題卷收回，考生自己保管好試題卷，評(píng)講時(shí)帶來。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】WhatwillMichaeldoforholiday?A.ClimbMountTai. B.Gototheseaside. C.Gosomewherenear.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Michael,haveyoudecidedwhatyouaredoingforholiday?M:Itdepends.I’dliketoclimbMountTai,butmyparentspreferspendingitattheseaside.W:Sinceweonlyhaveathree-dayholiday,Isuggestgoingsomewherenear.M:Well,I’llfollowmyparents’advice.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】HowmuchdoesthewomanhavetoborrowfromJack?A.$15.00. B.$5.00. C.$50.00.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Jack,thisdictionarycosts20dollars,butI’veonlygot15dollars.M:I’vegot50dollars,soIcanhelpyou,andlendyoutherest.W:Thanks,Jack.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whereisthewoman’shusbandnow?A.InShanghai. B.InChengdu. C.InNanjing.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:HasyourhusbandreturnedfromChengduyet?W:Yes,hecamebackjusttwodaysago.Buthe’sleavingShanghaiforNanjingnextweek.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】HowdidHelenreadthebook?A.Hereaditbackwards. B.Hereadpartsofit. C.Hefinisheditwithoutstopping.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Helen,haveyoufinishedreadingthebookMrSmithrecommended?M:Oh,Jane,Ididn’treadstraightthroughthewayyoureadanovel.Ijustcoveredafewchapterswhichinterestedmemost.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Thewoman’sstayhere.B.Thewoman’sexperiencehere.C.Thewoman’sfriendshere.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Lucy,whoisthewomanoverthere?IsthatMary?W:Yes.She’sbeenaclosefriendofmineforyears.M:Oh,Ididn’tknowthat.Youmusthavemadealotoffriendssinceyousettledherein2010.W:Oh,yeah,they’reveryfine.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間，每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】6.WhatwasTomdoingduringtheearthquake?A.Crying. B.Escaping. C.Sleeping.7.HowwasTomwhentheearthquaketookplace?A.Hewasill. B.Hewashelpless. C.Hewasfrightened.【答案】6.C7.A【解析】【原文】W:HaveyouheardthattherewasanearthquakeinShandong?HowaboutyoursonTom?M:Hestayedinbedatthattime.W:Whatdoyoumean?Didn’thetrytogetoutside?M:No,hehadgotterribleflu.Ithinkhemusthavebeenflatthroughtheearthquake.Hesaiditwasnoisy,thenhewokeupat4:30inthemorning,stillfeelingterriblewiththeflu,headspinning,noserunning.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】8.Whatstyleofswimmingdoesthemanlikebest?A.Thefreestylestroke. B.Thebreaststroke. C.Thebackstroke.9.Whatisthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?ARelatives. B.Colleagues. C.Classmates.【答案】8.C9.B【解析】【原文】W:Doyouoftenswim?M:Yes,aslongasIcanfindthetime,Ilikeswimmingbest.W:Whatstyleofswimmingdoyoulikebest?M:Ilikethebackbest.Iamgoodatfreestylestroke,butIusuallyusebreaststrokeasitkeepsmefromgettingtired.Canyouswim?Howaboutgoingforaswimafterwork?W:Oh,no.Iamaquiteastoneinthewater.Besides,Ihavetofinishdraftingthecontractourmanagerhaveassigned.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】10.Wheredidthemanarrive?A.NewYork. B.London. C.Beijing.11.Whendidthemanarrive?A.At12:00p.m. B.At11:00p.m. C.At11:30p.m.12.Whatisnotinsidetheman’sbag?A.Hiswallet. B.Hispassport. C.Hismembershipcards.13.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Callthemanbackwithinanhour.B.Cancelthecardwiththecreditcompany.CAskotherstofindthebag.【答案】10.B11.C12.B13.A【解析】【原文】W:HowmayIhelpyou,sir?M:IleftmybagonFlightMA754lastnight.W:Sowhathappenedlastnight?M:Well,IwasontheflightfromNewYorktoLondonthatlandedat11:30p.m.WeweredelayedhalfanhourinNewYorksothatwhenweeventuallylanded,Iwassotired.ButIaccidentallyleftmydarkbluebagontheplane.W:Okay,canyoutellmewhatisinsidethat?M:Quiteafewthingsactually,notmypassportofcourse,soIwouldneverhavegotoutoftheairport.Mywalletisinside.There’salsomycreditcardandsomemembershipcards.LuckilyIputmyIDcardinmypocketssoitwasn’tlost.W:Haveyouinformedthepoliceaboutthelossofthecreditcard?M:Yes,andIalsocancelledthecardwiththecreditcompany.W:Right,nowwhatI’lldoisconsultfromthelostandfoundofficeifitisfound.I’llcallyoubackwithinanhourandtellyouwhatthesituationis.M:Ok,thankyou.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】14.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Hostingaprogram.B.Havingherbicyclerepaired.C.Conductingamarketsurvey.15.WhatdidMr.Smithdobeforeopeningthebicycleshop?A.Herepairedbicycles. B.Heservedasaconsultant. C.Heworkedasasalesman.16.Whydidthemanopenabicycleshop?A.Hewantedtobehisownboss.B.Hefounditmoreprofitable.C.Hedidn’twanttobeintoomuchdebt.17.Whatdowelearnaboutthepeopleworkingintheshop?A.Theyworkfivedaysaweek.B.Theyarealltheman’sfriends.C.Theyarepaidbythehour.【答案】14.A15.C16.A17.B【解析】【原文】W:Goodmorning,andwelcometotoday’sBusinessTV.TodaywehaveMr.JohnSmith,whohasjustestablishedabicycleshop.Tellus,Mr.Smith,whatmadeyouwanttorunyourownstore?M:Well,Ialwayslovedracingbikesandfixingthem.WhenIwasworkingfull-timeasasalesmanforabigcompany,Iseldomhadtimetoenjoymyhobby.IknewthenthatassoonasIhadenoughmoneytogetmyownbusinessgoing,I’lldoit.IhadmyheartsetonitandIdidn’tletanythingstandinmyway.WhenIwentdowntothebankandgotabusinessloan,IknewI’dlovebeingmyownboss.Nowmytimeismyown.IopenthestorewhenIwantandleavewhenIwant.W:Youmeanyoudon’tkeepregularhours?M:Well,thesignonmystoresaysthehoursaretentosix,butifbusinessisslowerthanusual,Icanjustlockupandtakeoffearly.W:Haveyouhiredanyemployeestoworkwithyouyet?M:Yeah,someofmyfriendswholovebikingasmuchasIdo.Theyhelpmeoutafewdaysaweek.W:Thankyou,Mr.Smith.Wewishyousuccessinyournewbusiness.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】18.Whomaybethespeaker?A.Apresenter. B.Anauthor. C.Adoctor.19.WhatdoweknowaboutGeorgeAlagiah?A.Hediedofcancerin2014.B.Herevealedmillionsofordinarypeople’slife.C.HereceivedbetterNHSscreeningforbowel(腸)cancer.20.Whatwillbeprobablydiscussednext?A.AnnLittle’sadventure. B.GeorgeAlagiah’swholelife. C.Someinterestingstories.【答案】18.A19.B20.B【解析】【原文】Hellothere,thejournalistandpresenteraswellasauthor,ourcolleague,GeorgeAlagiahhasdied.Hewas67.Hewasdiagnosedwithbowelcancerin2014andinrecentyearsusedhisvoicetochampionbetterNHSscreeningforthedisease.Inmanyways,hewasapioneerinBritishbroadcastjournalism.BorninSriLanka,hewasoneofthefirstpeopleofcolorworkingforamajorUKbroadcastertoreportextensivelyonthepartoftheworldthatbecameknownastheGlobalSouth,shiningalightontheordinarylivesofmillionsofpeople,especiallyperhapsinAfricawhoseeverydayliveswereoftenignoredorrelegatedtotheinsidepagesofnewspapers.TheBBCdirectorgeneralTimDaviessaidtodaythatGeorgewasmorethanjustanoutstandingjournalist.Audiencescouldsensehiskindness,empathyandwonderfulhumanity.OurspecialreporterAnnLittlenowlooksbackatabrilliantlifeofstorytellingandadventure.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AThebestplacesforwildsleepinginEnglandandWalesChallacombeMeadows,DevonBestfor:privacyChallacombeMeadowsisclosetomilesofwalkingtrailsnearWidecombe.Basictoiletfacilitiesandrunningwaterareashortwalkaway,andthere’sacosypubandafarmshopalsonearby,forwhenit’stimetoreturntocivilization.Tentsfrom￡45pertent.BushFarm,CornwallBestfor:freedomofchoiceAtBushFarm,campersareofferedthefreedomofchoice.Mapinhand,youcanputupyourtentwhereveryouplease.Dayscanbespentwildswimming,wanderingthroughthecountrysideand,cometheevening,there’sstargazingbeneathink-blackskies.Tentsfrom￡12perperson.TheWildmanWoods,CarmarthenshireBestfor:lifeontheriverbanksAtthislittle-knownsite,youcanputyourtentonthebanksoftheRiverSawdde.TheWildmanWoodsareassimpleastheysound,withleafypitchesscatteredamongthetreesnearthewater.Duringtheday,it’stheperfectplaceforapaddle.Tentsfrom￡10perperson.PenrhosIsafBothy,GwynedBestfor:packinglightBothies,simplehutstraditionallyusedasmountainrefugesthatareopentoallandfreeofcharge.They’reagreatalternativetowildcampingiftheweatherislookingunstableandyoudon’tmindsharingwithothertravellers,whocanarriveatanytime.21.Whichplacebestsuitspeoplewhoemphasizeprivatecamping?A.ChallacombeMeadows,Devon. B.BushFarm,Cornwall.C.TheWildmanWoods,Carmarthenshire. D.PenrhosIsafBothy,Gwyned.22.WhatcancampersdoatBushFarm,Cornwall?A.Swimindoors. B.Gotothepub. C.Appreciatestars. D.Walkdowntown.23.Whatdothelistedplaceshaveincommon?A.Theyarefreeofcharge.B.Theyaresuitableforapaddle.C.Theywereusedasmountainsheltersinthepast.D.Theyarefavoredbypeopleenjoyingwildsleeping.【答案】21.A22.C23.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個(gè)最適合野外露營(yíng)的地方?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ChallacombeMeadows,Devon部分中“Bestforprivacy(最保護(hù)隱私)”可知，ChallacombeMeadows,Devon最適合那些強(qiáng)調(diào)隱私的人。故選A?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Dayscanbespentwildswimming,wanderingthroughthecountrysideand,cometheevening,there’sstargazingbeneathink-blackskies.(白天可以在野外游泳，在鄉(xiāng)間漫步，到了晚上，在漆黑的天空下凝視星星)”可知，在此處是野外游泳，并且可以鄉(xiāng)間漫步，夜間還可以觀星。故選C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)標(biāo)題“ThebestplacesforwildsleepinginEnglandandWales(英格蘭和威爾士最適合野外睡覺的地方)”可知，列出的地方的共同點(diǎn)是都受到喜歡野外睡覺的人的喜愛。故選D。BThedaughterofaromanticpoetandoccasionalfreedomfighter,AdaLovelacehadafamousbutabsentfather.SheneverknewLordByron,asjustweeksafterherbirthin1815,hedivorcedhermotherIsabellaMilbankeByronandlefttofightintheGreekWarofIndependence.InanefforttopreventAdafromdevelopingherfather’sunpredictabletemper,Isabelladecidedthatherdaughtershoulddevoteherlifetostudy.Adastudiedharddespitethefactthatsocietydidnotencouragewomenpursuinginterestsinscience.HerlifechangedwhenshemetinventorCharlesBabbageataparty.Ashedemonstratedaworkingsectionofhismechanicalcalculator,Adawastakeninbyhowitworkedandwantedtoknowmore.Impressedbythe17-year-old’sobviouspassion,Babbagebecamehertutor.Adamarriedin1835andbecameamother,butshecontinuedtotakeanactiveinterestinstudy,socialisinginintellectualcircleswiththelikesofCharlesDickensandMichaelFaraday.AdastayedincontactwithBabbage,whoin1837hadproposedanewmachine,theanalyticalengine.In1843,AdawasaskedtotranslateaFrenchtextwrittenbyengineerLuigiMenabreaaboutBabbage’snewdesign.Aftercompletingthetranslation,AdawasencouragedbyBabbagetowriteherownnotesonhiswork.Afterninemonthsofhardwork,AdapresentedBabbagewithadetailedlistofnotesthatwasthreetimeslongerthantheoriginalarticle.Inhercalculations,Adawrotewhatareconsideredthefirstevercomputeralgorithmstobeusedinanewtypeofmachine.Sheessentiallyprovidedthefirstideasforcomputerprogramminginwhatwasagroundbreakingproposalonthepotentialofcomputers.Adadiedofcanceragedonly36andherworkwaslargelyrecogniseduntilthe1950swhenhernoteswererepublished.In1979theUSDepartmentofDefencenamedaprogramminglanguage‘Ada’inherhonour.24.WhatcanwelearnaboutAdafromthefirstparagraph?A.Shehadadevotedfather. B.Hermotherraisedherupalone.C.Shehadanunpredictabletemper. D.Herparentsdivorcedbeforeherbirth.25.Whoarousedherinterestinmathematicsandcomputerengineering?A.CharlesDickens. B.MichaelFaraday.C.LuigiMenabrea. D.CharlesBabbage.26.WhichwordscanbestdescribeAda?A.Modestandoutgoing. B.Talentedanddiligent.C.Generousandconsiderate. D.Determinedandindependent.27.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Ada’snoteswerepublishedonlyonce.B.Adanamedaprogramminglanguageafterherself.C.Adaearnedareputationnearlyacenturyafterherdeath.D.Ada’sworkwaslargelyrecognizedwhenshewasalive.【答案】24.B25.D26.B27.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了計(jì)算機(jī)先驅(qū)AdaLovelace的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷以及所取得的成就?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“SheneverknewLordByron,asjustweeksafterherbirthin1815,hedivorcedhermotherIsabellaMilbankeByronandlefttofightintheGreekWarofIndependence.(她從未見過拜倫勛爵，因?yàn)?815年她出生幾周后，拜倫勛爵就與她的母親伊莎貝拉·米爾班克·拜倫離婚，參加了希臘獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng))”可知，Ada從未見過自己的父親，她是由母親獨(dú)自撫養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)大的。故選B?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“HerlifechangedwhenshemetinventorCharlesBabbageataparty.Ashedemonstratedaworkingsectionofhismechanicalcalculator,Adawastakeninbyhowitworkedandwantedtoknowmore.Impressedbythe17-year-old’sobviouspassion,Babbagebecamehertutor.(當(dāng)她在一次聚會(huì)上遇到發(fā)明家查爾斯·巴貝奇時(shí)，她的生活發(fā)生了變化。當(dāng)他演示他的機(jī)械計(jì)算器的工作部分時(shí)，艾達(dá)被它的工作原理迷住了，想知道更多。巴貝奇被這個(gè)17歲女孩明顯的熱情所打動(dòng)，成為了她的導(dǎo)師)”可知，是CharlesBabbage改變了她的生活，激起了她對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)和計(jì)算機(jī)工程的興趣。故選D?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Adastudiedharddespitethefactthatsocietydidnotencouragewomenpursuinginterestsinscience.(盡管社會(huì)不鼓勵(lì)女性追求科學(xué)興趣，艾達(dá)還是努力學(xué)習(xí))”可知，Ada在學(xué)習(xí)上很刻苦，以及第四段中“Inhercalculations,Adawrotewhatareconsideredthefirstevercomputeralgorithmstobeusedinanewtypeofmachine.Sheessentiallyprovidedthefirstideasforcomputerprogramminginwhatwasagroundbreakingproposalonthepotentialofcomputers.(在她的計(jì)算中，艾達(dá)寫出了被認(rèn)為是有史以來第一個(gè)用于新型機(jī)器的計(jì)算機(jī)算法。她提出了計(jì)算機(jī)編程的第一個(gè)想法，這是一個(gè)關(guān)于計(jì)算機(jī)潛力的開創(chuàng)性建議)”可知，她在筆記中提出了計(jì)算機(jī)編程的第一個(gè)想法，是一個(gè)關(guān)于計(jì)算機(jī)潛力的開創(chuàng)性建議，說明她極有天賦。故選B?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“SheneverknewLordByron,asjustweeksafterherbirthin1815,hedivorcedhermotherIsabellaMilbankeByronandlefttofightintheGreekWarofIndependence.(她從未見過拜倫勛爵，因?yàn)?815年她出生幾周后，拜倫勛爵就與她的母親伊莎貝拉·米爾班克·拜倫離婚，參加了希臘獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng))”以及最后一段“Adadiedofcanceragedonly36andherworkwaslargelyrecogniseduntilthe1950swhenhernoteswererepublished.(艾達(dá)死于癌癥，年僅36歲，直到20世紀(jì)50年代，她的筆記被重新出版，她的工作才得到廣泛認(rèn)可)”可推知，她出生于1815年，1950年她的筆記被重新出版，也就是她死后快一個(gè)世紀(jì)的時(shí)候，她的貢獻(xiàn)才廣為人知，選C。COneofthemostcuriousfeaturesofthemodernworldisthemannerinwhichdesignhasbeenwidelytransformedintosomethingmeaningless.ButIwanttoarguedesignshouldbethecrucialblockonwhichthehumanenvironmentisshapedandconstructedforthebettermentanddelightofall.Notsurprisingly,intheabsenceofwidespreadagreementaboutitssignificanceandvalue,muchconfusionsurroundsdesignpractice.Insomesubjectareas,authorscanassumecommongroundwithreaders.Othersubjectareascanbesodifficultthathosuchmutualunderstandingexists.Designsitsuncomfortablybetweenthesetwoextremes.Asaworditiscommonenoughbutitisfullofdisharmony,hasinnumerablemanifestations(表現(xiàn)),andlacksboundariesthatgiveclarityanddefinition.Asapractice,designgeneratesvastquantitiesofmaterial,muchofitephemeral,onlyasmallproportionofwhichhassustainedquality.Sohowcandesignbeunderstoodinameaningfulsense?Designisoneofthebasiccharacteristicsofwhatitistobehuman,andanessentialdeterminantofthequalityofhumanlife.Ifthingsareanecessarypartofourexistence,whyaretheyoftendonesobadly?Thereisnosimpleanswer.Costfactorsaresometimesadvanced,buttheremovebetweendoingsomethingwellorbadlycanbeexceedinglysmall,andcostfactorscaninfactbereducedbyappropriatedesigninputs.Thisbookisbasedonabeliefthatdesignmattersprofoundlytousallininnumerablewaysandrepresentsanareaofhuge,underutilizedpotentialinlife.Itsetsouttoexploresomereasonswhythisissoandtosuggestsomepossibilitiesofchange.Theintentionistoextendtherangeofwhatisunderstoodbytheterm,andexaminethedepthofdesignpracticeasitaffectseverydaylifeinadiversityofcultures.28.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Thecausesofconfusion. B.Thesignificanceofdesign.C.Thedifferencesinsubjects. D.Thecommongroundinpeople.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ephemeral”inParagraph3mean?A.Meaningful. B.Enormous. C.Short-lived. D.Hard-wearing.30.Whatdoweknowaboutdesign?A.Designisjustaboutartsortrends.B.Costfactorsaccountforinadequatedesign.C.Theauthorarguesthatdesignismeaningless.D.Veryfewareincapableofimprovementbyproperdesign.31.Whatisthebookaimedat?A.Reducingdesigninputs. B.Persistinginmeaningfuldesignpractices.C.Denyingpreviousconceptionofdesign. D.Clarifyingtheconfusionsurroundingdesign.【答案】28.A29.C30.D31.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)的正確解讀和如何追求更好的設(shè)計(jì)?！?8題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Notsurprisingly,intheabsenceofwidespreadagreementaboutitssignificanceandvalue,muchconfusionsurroundsdesignpractice.Insomesubjectareas,authorscanassumecommongroundwithreaders.Othersubjectareascanbesodifficultthathosuchmutualunderstandingexists.(毫不奇怪，在缺乏對(duì)其意義和價(jià)值的廣泛認(rèn)同的情況下，圍繞著設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐的許多困惑。在某些主題領(lǐng)域，作者可以假定與讀者有共同點(diǎn)。其他學(xué)科領(lǐng)域可能非常困難，不存在這樣的相互理解)”可知，文章第二段主要講的是困惑的原因。故選A?！?9題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞下文“onlyasmallproportionofwhichhassustainedquality(只有一小部分具有持久的質(zhì)量)”可推知，劃線詞“ephemeral”的意思是“短暫存在的”，作為一種實(shí)踐，設(shè)計(jì)產(chǎn)生了大量的材料，其中大部分是短暫的。故選C。【30題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Designisoneofthebasiccharacteristicsofwhatitistobehuman,andanessentialdeterminantofthequalityofhumanlife.Ifthingsareanecessarypartofourexistence,whyaretheyoftendonesobadly?Thereisnosimpleanswer.Costfactorsaresometimesadvanced,butthemarginbetweendoingsomethingwellorbadlycanbeexceedinglysmall,andcostfactorscaninfactbereducedbyappropriatedesigninputs.(設(shè)計(jì)是人類生活質(zhì)量的基本特征之一，也是人類生活質(zhì)量的基本決定因素。如果事物是我們存在的必要組成部分，為什么它們經(jīng)常做得如此糟糕？沒有一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的答案。成本因素有時(shí)是先進(jìn)的，但把事情做得好或做得不好之間的差距可能非常小，而成本因素實(shí)際上可以通過適當(dāng)?shù)脑O(shè)計(jì)投入來降低)”可推知，很少有產(chǎn)品不能通過適當(dāng)?shù)脑O(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行改進(jìn)。故選D。【31題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theintentionistoextendtherangeofwhatisunderstoodbytheterm,andexaminethedepthofdesignpracticeasitaffectseverydaylifeinadiversityofcultures.(目的是擴(kuò)大這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)的理解范圍，并研究設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐的深度，因?yàn)樗绊懼煌幕娜粘Ｉ?”可知，本書旨在堅(jiān)持有意義的設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐。故選B。DThesalespitchestempt:Blue-light-blockingglassesaresupposedtoprotecteyesfromtheeffectsofshort-wavelengthlightemittingfromoursmartphones,computerscreensandLEDlights.Givenhowmuchtimewespendonourdevices,thissoundslikeasmartinvestment,right?Afterall,eyestrainisarealissueandcanleadtopoorsleepandeveneyediseases.Theglassescancost$15allthewayuptoseveralhundreddollars.Butdotheywork?ElizabethEsparaz,anophthalmologist(眼科專家)basedinCleveland,Ohio,saysthesciencethatmanufacturersshareastheypromotetheseglassescanbeconfusing.Forstarters,bluelightisnotjustabouttechdevices,andit’snotalwaysbad.“Thesunemitsamuchhigherintensityofbluelightthanhuman-madedevices,ofcourse,andit’sactuallybeneficial,”saysDr.Esparaz.Ithelpsourmood,alertnessandsleep-wakecycle.Theproblemisbluelightatnight:Itcontainsthereleaseofmelatonin.“Melatoninhelpsregulateourcircadianrhythms(生理節(jié)奏)andmakesussleepy,”saysDr.Esparaz.So,intheory,wearingblue-light-blockingglassesshouldhelppeoplewhowatchmoviesinbedorreadfromatabletatnightavoidsleeplessness.A2021reviewstudyfromtheUniversityofOklahomathatlookedat24previousstudiesfoundthatpeopleaffectedbysleepdisorders,jetlagandshiftworkfellasleepfasterafterusingtheseglasses.Asforeyestrain,a2021Australianstudyshowedthatthosewearingtheglassesdidnotexperiencelesseyestrainthanthoseusingclearglasses.Anda2018reviewstudy,alsobyAustralianresearchers,foundinsufficientevidencethattheypreventcertaineyediseases.“Theseglassesaren’tgoingtobeharmful,”saysDr.Esparaz,But,sheadds,alackofstandardizationintheindustrymeansthere’snowaytoknowifonepairisbetterthananother.Amorereliablesolution:Turnontheblue-light-filteringfunctiononyourdevicesandlimitscreentimebeforebed.Tohelpwitheyestrain,Dr.Esparazsuggeststakingbreaksandusinglubricatingeyedrops.32.WhatisDr.Esparaz’sattitudetowardbusinesspublicity?A.Unclear. B.Dismissive. C.Approving. D.Doubtful.33.Whatcanwelearnaboutbluelightfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Itcanbebeneficial. B.Itmayfacilitatesleep.C.Itactuallycauseshealthissues. D.Itmerelycomesfromdigitaldevices.34.Australianstudiesfoundthatwearingblue-light-blockingglasses_________.A.helpspreventeyedisease B.arenotharmfultoeyesightC.contributestonolesseyestrain D.benefitsthosewithsleepdisorders35.Whatmightbethebesttitleofthispassage?A.Blue-light-blockingGlasses:YourBestChoiceB.Blue-light-blockingGlasses:GoodorBadC.Blue-light-blockingGlasses:AGoodBusinessD.Blue-light-blockingGlasses:SmartandCool【答案】32.D33.A34.C35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。文章通過提出問題—分析問題—提出解決方案的方式解答了藍(lán)光眼鏡是否能夠起作用，并給出具體應(yīng)對(duì)措施。【32題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“ElizabethEsparaz,anophthalmologist(眼科專家)basedinCleveland,Ohio,saysthesciencethatmanufacturersshareastheypromotetheseglassescanbeconfusing.(總部位于俄亥俄州克利夫蘭市的眼科醫(yī)生伊麗莎白·埃斯帕拉茲說，制造商在推廣這些眼鏡時(shí)所分享的科學(xué)知識(shí)可能會(huì)讓人感到困惑)”可推知，商家宣傳的理論是受到質(zhì)疑的。故選D?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段““Thesunemitsamuchhigherintensityofbluelightthanhuman-madedevices,ofcourse,andit’sactuallybeneficial,”saysDr.Esparaz(“當(dāng)然，太陽(yáng)發(fā)出的藍(lán)光強(qiáng)度比人造設(shè)備要強(qiáng)得多，而且它實(shí)際上是有益的，”埃斯帕拉茲博士說)”可推知，太陽(yáng)散發(fā)出的藍(lán)光是有益的。故選A?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Asforeyestrain,a2021Australianstudyshowedthatthosewearingtheglassesdidnotexperiencelesseyestrainthanthoseusingclearglasses.(至于眼睛疲勞，2021年澳大利亞的一項(xiàng)研究表明，戴眼鏡的人并不比戴透明眼鏡的人經(jīng)歷的眼睛疲勞小)”可知，戴藍(lán)光眼鏡并不會(huì)減少眼疲勞。故選C?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Thesalespitchestempt:Blue-light-blockingglassesaresupposedtoprotecteyesfromtheeffectsofshort-wavelengthlightemittingfromoursmartphones,computerscreensandLEDlights.Givenhowmuchtimewespendonourdevices,thissoundslikeasmartinvestment,right?Afterall,eyestrainisarealissueandcanleadtopoorsleepandeveneyediseases.Theglassescancost$15allthewayuptoseveralhundreddollars.Butdotheywork?(銷售宣傳很誘人：防藍(lán)光眼鏡應(yīng)該可以保護(hù)眼睛免受智能手機(jī)、電腦屏幕和LED燈發(fā)出的短波光的影響。考慮到我們?cè)谠O(shè)備上花費(fèi)的時(shí)間，這聽起來是一項(xiàng)明智的投資，對(duì)吧？畢竟，眼睛疲勞是一個(gè)真正的問題，它會(huì)導(dǎo)致睡眠不佳甚至眼疾。這種眼鏡的價(jià)格從15美元到幾百美元不等。但它們真的有效嗎？)”結(jié)合文章通過提出問題-分析問題-提出解決方案的方式解答了藍(lán)光眼鏡是否能夠起作用，并給出具體應(yīng)對(duì)措施。由此可知，文章談?wù)摿怂{(lán)光眼鏡好壞的問題，B選項(xiàng)“防藍(lán)光眼鏡：好還是壞”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Self-ImprovementLifecanbeawhirlwindofresponsibilitiesandstress,buttherightfocusgoesalongwaytowardsensuringyoubecomeabetterperson.____36____Keepreadingtolearnhowyoucangoaboutyourself-improvementjourney.____37____Everyoneneedssomethingtolivefor,sothinkaboutwhatyouwantinlife.Notonlycanstrugglingforsomethingmakeyouahappierandbetterperson,butitcanalsohelpyoufindyourpurpose.Useapenandpaperandwritedowntheshortandlong-termgoalsyouwouldliketoachieve.Forgivingyourselfandotherscanhelpyouimproverelationships.Tobeabetterperson,it’simportanttohaveagoatforgivinganyhatredsyou’reholding.Allowyourselftimetoforgiveyourpastmistakesandrecognizewhatthey’vetaughtyou.____38____Youmaynotbeabletoforgetwhatthey’vedone,that’sokay,butforgivenesscangiveyoupeaceofmind.Everyonehasflaws,butyoucanconcentrateonimprovingyours.Noticehowyourbehaviorandattitudeaffectothers.Arepeoplegenerallyhappyorsadaroundyou?____39____Answeringthesequestionsandanalyzingyourinteractionswiththemcanhelpyoudiscoverandperfectyourweaknesses.Imaginewhatsomeone’sbeenthroughcangiveyouanewperspective.Empathyisoneofthefirststepstobeingabetterpersonbecauseitbuildsyourcompassion.Notonlydoescultivatingempathyhelpyoubemoresensitivetowardotherpeople,butitalsohelpsyouformlastingrelationshipsandfeellessisolated.____40____A.Dofriendscometoyouforhelporadvice?B.Then,forgivethosewhohavehurtyouinthepast.C.Arepeoplearoundyoutalentedinimprovingthemselves?D.Learningfromone’smistakesisasteptoforgivingoneself.E.Positiveaspirationscangiveyousomethingtothrivefor.F.Beingempathichelpsyougainafriendwhilechallengingyourperspective.G.There’ssomethingyoucandoeverydaytobetteryourselfindifferentways.【答案】36.G37.E38.B39.A40.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了自我提升的一些好的建議?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Lifecanbeawhirlwindofresponsibilitiesandstress,buttherightfocusgoesalongwaytowardsensuringyoubecomeabetterperson.(生活可能是一場(chǎng)責(zé)任和壓力的旋風(fēng)，但正確的關(guān)注對(duì)確保你成為一個(gè)更好的人有很大幫助)”以及后文“Keepreadingtolearnhowyoucangoaboutyourself-improvementjourney.(繼續(xù)讀下去，學(xué)習(xí)如何開始自我提升之旅)”可知，上文提到了成為更好的人，后文介紹如何開始自我提升，G選項(xiàng)中betteryourself對(duì)應(yīng)上文abetterperson。故G選項(xiàng)“你每天都可以做一些事情，以不同的方式讓自己變得更好”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Everyoneneedssomethingtolivefor,sothinkaboutwhatyouwantinlife.Notonlycanstrugglingforsomethingmakeyouahappierandbetterperson,butitcanalsohelpyoufindyourpurpose.Useapenandpaperandwritedowntheshortandlong-termgoalsyouwouldliketoachieve.(每個(gè)人都需要為之而活，所以想想你在生活中想要什么。為某件事奮斗不僅能讓你變得更快樂、更好，還能幫助你找到自己的目標(biāo)。用紙和筆寫下你想要實(shí)現(xiàn)的短期和長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo))”可知，本段講的是設(shè)置目標(biāo)，E選項(xiàng)中Positiveaspirationsomethingtothrivefor與本段的somethingmakeyouahappierandbetterperson相呼應(yīng)，故E選項(xiàng)“積極的抱負(fù)能給你帶來成長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)力”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Allowyourselftimetoforgiveyourpastmistakesandrecognizewhatthey’vetaughtyou.(給自己一點(diǎn)時(shí)間來原諒過去錯(cuò)誤，并認(rèn)識(shí)到它們教會(huì)了你什么)”以及后文“Youmaynotbeabletoforgetwhatthey’vedone,that’sokay,butforgivenesscangiveyoupeaceofmind.(你可能無法忘記他們做過的事，這沒關(guān)系，但寬恕可以讓你內(nèi)心平靜)”可知，空前提到讓自己有時(shí)間原諒你過去的錯(cuò)誤，并認(rèn)識(shí)到它們教給你的東西，后面提到也許你可能無法忘記他們做了什么，但寬恕可以讓你內(nèi)心平靜，故可知，本句是在建議學(xué)會(huì)原諒，故B選項(xiàng)“然后，原諒那些在過去傷害過你的人”符合語(yǔ)境，故選B?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Everyonehasflaws,butyoucanconcentrateonimprovingyours.Noticehowyourbehaviorandattitudeaffectothers.Arepeoplegenerallyhappyorsadaroundyou?(每個(gè)人都有缺點(diǎn)，但你可以集中精力改善自己的缺點(diǎn)。注意你的行為和態(tài)度如何影響他人。你周圍的人通常是快樂還是悲傷？)”可知，空前提到你周圍的人通常是快樂的還是悲傷的，空后提到回答這些問題并分析與他們之間的互動(dòng)可以幫助您發(fā)現(xiàn)和完善您的弱點(diǎn)。故可推斷，空白處應(yīng)該與朋友之間的互動(dòng)有關(guān)，故A選項(xiàng)“朋友會(huì)向你尋求幫助或建議嗎