雅思閱讀講義：小標(biāo)題

ListofHeadings=mainidea形式：在閱讀文章的前面或后面給出listofheadings,一般是10個(gè)左右選項(xiàng)，其中含一到兩個(gè)段落及其標(biāo)題的例子。要求對(duì)題目中給出的段落，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容找出與其相匹配的段落標(biāo)題。這類題目的要求中通常有這樣的表述:“NBTherearemoreheadingsthanparagraphssoyouwillnotuseallofthem.Youmayuseanyheadingmorethanonce.”實(shí)際上雅思所選擇的經(jīng)典文章中極少出現(xiàn)不同段落表達(dá)相同意思的情況。原則：1每個(gè)小標(biāo)題選項(xiàng)只能用一次2選項(xiàng)是主題句的改寫3通讀全段，找主題句：主題句特征：1.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，主句是主題句，如althoughA,B….WhileA,B….despite，inspiteof，regardlessof，otherthan，ratherthan,等等However,despitetheimportanceoftherecruitmentdecisionandtherangeofsophisticatedandmoreobjectiveselectiontechniquesavailable,includingtheuseofpsychometrictestsassessmentcenters,etc.,manyorganizationsarestillpreparedtomakethisdecisiononthebasisofasingle30to45minuteunstructuredinterview.有2.notonlyA…butalsoB后者是主題句，用來(lái)承上啟下Eg。Diversityexistsnotonlybetweencultures,butalsowithinasingleculture.選項(xiàng)為variationwithincultures.3.段落中有AshowthatBAshowingthatBAsuggestthatBB句往往是表示觀點(diǎn)，是該段的主旨。4.段落第一句如果是問(wèn)句，則第二句是主題句5.如果段落中有舉例子，例子前面是主題句。Forexample,forinstance,6.Itbeadj.forsbtodo–Itisdifficult/hard/noteasy/complicated/complex…Doingsthisdifficult/hard/noteasy/complicated….intricateQ:howtodosth…./methodofdoingsth讀文章順序：如果沒(méi)有明顯的主題句，要通讀全段，或按順序讀首、+二、中、末，或者猜第一句為主題句。轉(zhuǎn)折詞匯：However,but,while,ontheotherhand,,…5各個(gè)段落選項(xiàng)的標(biāo)志性詞匯：a首段：Cause,Definition，thefirst，early，historical，former，core，justifyingthestudyof中間段：1）數(shù)字number，figure，data，statistical，survey，ratio=，proportion=，percentage2）金錢cost，expenditure，budget，fiscal，profit，bid，fund，investment，income，earnings，3）對(duì)比versus，and，comparison，distinction末段：finally,intheend,result,consequence,conclusion,future，resolution，role，effect解題思路：劃掉example中出現(xiàn)的段落號(hào)和選項(xiàng)。先快速掃描選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞，盡可能記住閱讀各段首、二(中)及末句，找文中的關(guān)鍵詞，看是否與選項(xiàng)中關(guān)鍵詞對(duì)應(yīng)（對(duì)于干擾選項(xiàng)，用確定主題句的排除法）；段落中轉(zhuǎn)折詞—however,but,while,ontheotherhand,despite,inspiteof劃掉確信的選項(xiàng)，減少干擾項(xiàng)。段落結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)：1.總分型總：Thereisnodenyingthat…/itisofthegreatestimportancethat/todo…分：forexample/instance,…inatypicalexample,…notonly…butalso…Agoodcaseinpointis…2.分總型分：“…”someonesaid/predicted（一段話開頭的引用部分，敘述細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。）If…/when…(用于舉例說(shuō)明)總：Thisis…Therefore/thus…3.對(duì)比型A…However,B…A…itistrue,butB…While/AlthoughA…,moreimportantisB…Atfirst/Originally/initiallyA…,B…Eg.Itiswidelybelievedthatbecausecatspreyonnativebirdstheycouldbringabouttheirextermination.Butpredationseldomleadstoextinctioninsuchasimplisticway.