2024屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)：定語從句回顧課件

定語從句回顧在復(fù)合句中作定語，修飾名詞，代詞或整個(gè)句子的從句就叫做定語從句。定語從句在句中的作用，相當(dāng)于形容詞。被修飾的部分叫做先行詞，連接先行詞及從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞先行詞在從句中的成分who人主語、賓語whom人賓語that人或物主語、賓語、表語which物主語、賓語、表語whose人或物

譯為‘....的’定語as人或物主語、賓語、表語Theboys[___________]__________(be)playingfootballarefromClassOne.Themanwhomyoumetyesterdayisafriendofmine.that可以指代人或物以下情況必須用that做關(guān)系代詞1先行詞是不定代詞all,something,everything,anything等Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself?Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.2先行詞被theonly[唯一的]thevery[正是...]或序數(shù)詞

、最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)用thatThisistheverypersonthatI’mwaitingfor.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI’veeverseen.3先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?4避免重復(fù)

一個(gè)復(fù)合句包含兩個(gè)定語從句，其中一個(gè)已經(jīng)用了which.5主句的主語是疑問詞who或whichWhoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?GuiLinisacitywhichhasahistoryof2,000years.Jimilikesthecatwhosetailisblack.whoare關(guān)系副詞先行詞在從句中的成分when表示時(shí)間或日期的名詞，when翻譯為在那時(shí)，在那天時(shí)間狀語whyreason,原因狀語where表示地點(diǎn),翻譯為在那里地點(diǎn)狀語Hewillalwaysrememberthedaywhen/onwhichhisfatherreturnedfromAmerica.Idon’tknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhewasabsent[adj缺席的]today.Thisisthefactorywhere/inwhichheusedtowork.注意

關(guān)系代詞that和who不用于介詞后

介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)中的關(guān)系代詞不能用that和who[放在介詞后

指代人在定語從句做賓語或主語必須用whom]非限定性定語從句功能是補(bǔ)充說明先行詞或者整個(gè)主句，形式上要與主句用逗號(hào)隔開，意義去掉從句后主句意思仍然完整，譯法從句單獨(dú)譯成一句ProfessorSmith,whoismytutor[n.導(dǎo)師],hasgraduallyadjustedto

【適應(yīng)】thelifeinChina.關(guān)系代詞先行詞在從句中的成分who人主語whom人賓語which物主語、賓語、表語whose人或物

譯為‘....的’定語where表示地點(diǎn)的詞地點(diǎn)狀語when表示時(shí)間的詞時(shí)間狀語forwhichreason原因狀語使用非限制性定語從句時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng)（1)which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，先行詞可以是某個(gè)單詞，也可以是句子。①Hemissedtheshow,whichwasapity.他錯(cuò)過了演出，真遺憾。②Jacktoldmehewouldjointhepoetryclub,whichsurprisedmegreatly.

杰克告訴我他要加入詩歌俱樂部，這使我非常吃驚。③Heisodd,whichisknowntousallinourcompany.他很古怪，我們公司的人都知道。④Afive-year-oldboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages,whichsurprisesallthepeoplepresent.一個(gè)5歲的男孩會(huì)講兩門外語，這令所有在場(chǎng)的人感到驚訝。(2)as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，先行詞可以是整個(gè)主句。as引導(dǎo)的從句常置于主句前,也可以在句中或者句尾。Asisknowntoall,theMoontravelsaroundtheEarth.眾所周知，月球繞地球運(yùn)行。as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，?？煽醋鞴潭ńY(jié)構(gòu)：asis

knowntoall

眾所周知asisoftenthecase

情況常常如此asissaidabove

如上所述asisreported

正如報(bào)道的那樣asweallknow

眾所周知asweexpected

正如我們預(yù)料的那樣ashasbeenpointedout

正如已經(jīng)指出的那樣ashasbeensaidbefore

正如之前所說的那樣（3）that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。在非限制性定語從句中，用who,whom指代人，用which指代物。MrSmith,whoismyfriend,isajudge.史密斯先生是我的朋友，他是位法官。(4)在非限制性定語從句中，whom,which前面可以加some/many/all

of等修飾詞，表示整體中的部分或所有。①M(fèi)anypeople,someofwhomarenotoverweight,aregoingonadiet.許多人正在節(jié)食，其中有些人并不超重。②Ihavebeentomanybigcities,allofwhichhaveleftadeepimpressiononme.我去過很多大城市，所有這些都給我留下了深刻的印象。5)當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或被物主代詞、指示代詞(this/that、these/those)修飾時(shí)，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性定語從句。①TheGreatWall,whichiscalledinChinese"TheTen-Thousand-liGreatWall",isveryfamousintheworld.長(zhǎng)城，漢語稱為“萬里長(zhǎng)城”，在世界上非常出名。②Thisismyvideophone,whichwasboughtyesterday.這是我的可視電話，是昨天買的。（6)非限制性定語從句表原因時(shí)，不用why引導(dǎo)，而用forwhich代替why。Wecouldnotgivethereason,forwhichsomanypeoplewerewillingtotakeoutaloan.我們無法解釋，為什么這么多人愿意貸款。(7)先行詞是獨(dú)一無二的事物時(shí)，一般用非限制性定語從句說明。Thesun,whichrisesintheeast,givesuslightandheat.太陽從東方升起，給我們帶來光和熱。非限定性定語從句不用that用who或which，且關(guān)系代詞指代人在定語從句中做賓語時(shí)必須用whom,用于介詞加關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)中指代人必須用whom.，不用why,用forwhich代替why.Hehasthreesons,noneofwhomisanengineer.Hehasthreesons,butnoneofthemisanengineer.HerearesomeacademicexpertsfromAmerica,someof__________areouroldfriends.Ispottedthatsomeonebegandistributingfreefood,__________causedacrowdtogather.JimiisgoingtospendthissummerholidaysinShanghai,________shehassomefriends.We’llpostponethemeetingtillnextweek,___________wewon’tbesooccupiedwithourwork.Dr.Rex,_________secretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping._______isoftenthecase,hewaslateagaininthemorning,________madehisheadteacherannoyed.Theship,___________theycamehere,wasbroken.Thenovelisthaswrittenasciencefictionnovel,thename_______________Ihavecompletelyforgotten.whomwhichwherewhenwhoseAswhichbywhichofwhichItisafamilyof8children,all______________havegotamaster’sdegree。LucywasabsentfromMr.Smith’slectureyesterday,_____________sheapologizedtohim.因?yàn)檫@InancientChinalivedanartist__________paintingswerealmostlifelike[adj栩栩如生的].Wehaveenteredintoanage_____________dreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,oneof_________purposesistorelieveworldwidestarvatio