現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)/一.核心語法【知識梳理】1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)【拓展】1)表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，著眼點(diǎn)在現(xiàn)在，常與already,yet,just,before,lately,recently,never,ever,notyet等連用。這個(gè)動作到說話時(shí)可能已經(jīng)停止或結(jié)束。Hehasturnedoffthelight.他已把燈關(guān)了。HisbrotherhasjoinedthePartyalready.Ihavefinishedreadingthebook.Wehavejustvisitedthefarm.2)表示動作或狀態(tài)在過去某時(shí)開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并還可能繼續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)。通常用延續(xù)性動詞。常與段時(shí)間狀語連用。如：sofar,uptonow,since,for+一段時(shí)間，in/over/duringthepast/lastfewyears等。Hehaslivedheresince1995.自從1995年以來，他一直住在這兒。IhavenotseenJustinsincelastFridaynight.（從上周五晚上到現(xiàn)在一直都沒有見過Justin）IhavetaughtEnglishfor15years.Uptonow,wehavereceivednonewsfromher.批注：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可和包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語連用，如：today,thismorning,thismonth,thesedays,thisyear等,表示這個(gè)動作在這個(gè)特定的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成.Haveyouseenherthesedays?但如果說話人感興趣的只是在這段時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生了某一動作，而不是這一動作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系時(shí)，須用過去時(shí)態(tài)。Theconferenceopenedthismonth.3)在時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語從句中，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來完成的動作。（即用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替將來完成時(shí)）。其特征為：狀語從句中的謂語動詞很明顯或需強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前。Theywillgotoworkinthecompanyassoonastheyhavegraduatedfromtheschool.(強(qiáng)調(diào)畢業(yè)后)IwillnotbelieveyouunlessIhaveseenitwithmyowneyes.（強(qiáng)調(diào)先看到）IwillgowithyouassoonasIhavefinishedmywork.（強(qiáng)調(diào)“干完”）Tellmeyouranswerwhenyouhavesolvedtheproblem!（強(qiáng)調(diào)“解決”）4)使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型①It/Thisisthefirst/secondtime…that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。ItisthesecondtimethatIhavevisitedthecity.Thisisthefirsttime(that)I’veheardhimsing.注意：Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.②Thisis+形容詞最高級+名詞+that…結(jié)構(gòu)，that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。ThisisthebestfilmthatI’ve(ever)seen.Thisistheonlybookthathehaswritten.5）固定句型Itis/hasbeen+時(shí)段+since+從句（從句謂語為瞬間——?jiǎng)t按字面翻譯）（從句謂語為延續(xù)——?jiǎng)t表示未做此事多久）如：Itis/hasbeentwoyearssincewearrivedhere.我們到這兒兩年了。Itistwoyearssincehelivedhere.他不在這兒住兩年了?！镜淅v解】例1：—Irememberyouwereatalentedpianistatcollege.Canyouplaythepianoforme?—Sorry,I______thepianoforyears.A.don'tplayB.wasn'tplayingC.haven'tplayedD.hadn'tplayed答案：C解析：根據(jù)remember可知語境是現(xiàn)在，從時(shí)間狀語foryears得出是從過去到現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。2.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)【拓展】表示一個(gè)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作(這動作可能剛停止，也可能還在進(jìn)行)。(1)構(gòu)成：havebeendoing(2)用法：1)延續(xù)：表示開始于過去的活動持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且活動往往還沒有結(jié)束，將繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。IhavenotbeensleepingwellsinceIreturnedhome.(“我”回家后一直都沒睡好，現(xiàn)在也沒睡好。)IhavebeenlivinginHawaiifortenyears.我在夏威夷已經(jīng)生活了十年。ShehasbeenburningthemidnightoiltoprepareforGRE.她最近在熬夜準(zhǔn)備GRE考試。Tomhasbeenplayingtheonlinegamesformorethantwentyhours.湯姆玩網(wǎng)游已經(jīng)超過二十個(gè)小時(shí)了。2)重復(fù)：到目前為止的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的活動。HehasbeengoingtoSeattleforhalfayear.他在半年間經(jīng)常去西雅圖。Ihavebeentellingyounottomaketrouble.我一直勸你不要找麻煩。Theoldmanhasbeenrepairingcarsforthirtyyears.老人修車修了三十年了。JackhasbeenpractisingTaiChiformorethanayear.杰克練太極一年多了。3)表示感情色彩現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)比較生動，有時(shí)含有明顯的感情色彩。如：Whathaveyoubeendoing?表示驚異Who'sbeeneatingmyapples?表示憤怒不滿【典例講解】例1：Tom______inthelibraryeverynightoverthelastthreemonths.worksB.workedC.hasbeenworkingD.hadbeenworking答案：C解析：overthelastthreemonths的意思是“在過去的三個(gè)月期間”，這類時(shí)間狀語通常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)連用，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有C符合此要求。例2：Nowthatsheisoutofajob,Lucy______goingbacktoschool,butshehasn’tdecidedyet.hadconsideredB.hasbeenconsideringC.consideredD.isgoingtoconsider答案：B解析：根據(jù)butshehasn’tdecidedyet(尚未決定)可知，從開始失業(yè)時(shí)起一直在考慮再去上學(xué)，現(xiàn)在還在考慮。表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直到現(xiàn)在，并且現(xiàn)在依然在發(fā)生的動作，用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由“have/hasbeendoing”構(gòu)成，所以選B。3.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)辨析【拓展】現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)均可表示“從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”的動作，有時(shí)兩者可換用，但前者多用于口語中。Ihavewateredtheflower.我已經(jīng)給花澆過水了。（已完成，你不必澆了）Ihavebeenwateringtheflowers.我一直在給花澆水。（未完成，一直在澆）Ihaveknownherforalongtime.（正）我認(rèn)識她很久了。Ihavebeenknowingherforalongtime.（誤）Ihaven’tseenhimthesedays.（正）這些日子我沒有見過他。Ihaven’tbeenseeinghimthesedays.（誤）小結(jié)：這兩種時(shí)態(tài)的差別主要有哪兩個(gè)？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動作已完成，著重結(jié)果；現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動作的進(jìn)行，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性。2.狀態(tài)動詞、知覺動詞或情感動詞，如see,feel,know,love等，不可用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，但可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?！纠}精講】例1.Nowthatsheisoutofjob,Lucy___goingbacktoschool，butshehasn’tdecidedyet.A.hadconsideredB.hasbeenconsideringC.consideredD.isgoingtoconsider【答案】B【分析】本題考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。根據(jù)句義：她現(xiàn)在失業(yè)了，正在考慮要不要回學(xué)校，但是還沒有決定。所以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。例2.--Ihavegotaheadache.--Nowonder.You_________infrontofthatcomputertoolong.A.WorkB.areworkingC.havebeenworkingD.worked【答案】C【分析】本題考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。根據(jù)句義：你在電腦前工作太久，難怪會頭疼，可知work維持了一段時(shí)間，且持續(xù)發(fā)生。所以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。例3.Tom__________(read)abookabouttheLochNessMonsterthismorningandhe’llgetthroughsoon.【答案】hasbeenreading【分析】根據(jù)題干thismorningandhe’llgetthroughsoon，所以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。例4.Hisbrother__________never__________(read)anybooksaboutStonehengebefore.【答案】has|read【分析】根據(jù)never用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例5.ThetravelerssaytheycomefromLondonand__________(travel)fortwomonths.【答案】havebeentravelling【分析】根據(jù)fortwomonths判斷用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。例6.—WillsomeonegoandgetDr.White?—He__________already__________(send)for.【答案】has|beensent【分析】根據(jù)already用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例7.Butnoevidenceoflife__________(discover)onanyoftheseplanetssofar.【答案】hasbeendiscovered【分析】此句為被動，根據(jù)sofar用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).例8.Iwon’ttellthestudenttheanswertothemathproblemuntilhe________onitformorethananhour.A.hasbeenworkingB.willhaveworkedC.willhavebeenworkingD.hadworked【答案】A【分析】考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“formorethananhour”知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。例9.It’stimethatI________myhaircut.It’sthefifthtimethatI________tothebarber’sshop.A.had；havegoneB.has；havegoneC.have；wentD.had；go【答案】A【分析】It’stimethat...句型中謂語使用虛擬語氣，動詞用過去時(shí)；It’sthe＋序數(shù)詞＋timethat...句型中動詞用完成時(shí)。例10.Hi,Tommy,youlooktired.Iamtired.I_________thecomputergamesallday.A.playedB.hadplayedC.havebeenplayingD.haveplayed【答案】C【分析】根據(jù)allday判斷是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)?！菊n堂練習(xí)】1.Thecoffeeiswonderful!Itdoesn’ttastelikeanythingI_________before.A.washavingB.havehaveeverC.hadD.hadeverhad【答案】C【分析】根據(jù)before判斷是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。2.JohnandIfriendsforeightyears.WefirstgottoknoweachotherataChristmasparty.Butwe______eachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat.A.hadbeen;haveseenB.havebeen;haveseenC.hadbeen;hadseenD.havebeen;hadseen【答案】D【分析】根據(jù)foreightyears判斷是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；然后根據(jù)后半句beforethat判斷是過去的過去，過去完成時(shí)。3.Thewindowisdirty.Iknow.Itforweeks.A.hasn’tcleanedB.didn’tcleanC.wasn’tcleanedD.hasn’tbeencleaned【答案】D【分析】根據(jù)forweeks判斷是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。4.Ican’tseeanycoffeeinthiscupboard.?A.HasitallbeenfinishedB.WasitallfinishedC.HasitallfinishedD.Diditallfinished【答案】A【分析】根據(jù)主語謂語的關(guān)系，判斷是被動語態(tài)，排除CD。再根據(jù)語境判斷是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。5.Mydictionary_________.Ihavelookedforiteverywherebutstill________it.A.haslost;don’tfindB.ismissing;don’tfindC.haslost;haven’tfoundD.ismissing;haven’tfound【答案】D【分析】第一句我的字典不見了，陳述事實(shí)，用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。后半句仍然找不到，指這段時(shí)間的狀態(tài)，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。6.Wehaven’theardfromJaneforalongtime.Whatdoyousuppose_______toher?A.washappeningB.tohappenC.hashappenedD.havinghappened【答案】C【分析】根據(jù)語境，這段時(shí)間未見，這段時(shí)間發(fā)生了什么事。7.We_________forthebushalfanhour,butithasnotcomeyet.A.havebeenwaitingB.havewaitedC.arewaitingD.havebeenwaited【答案】A【分析】根據(jù)halfanhour可知一段現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。8.They________theSummerPalacethreetimes.A.havegonetoB.havebeentoC.havebeeninD.havegoneinto【答案】B【分析】根據(jù)threetimes可知用表示“去過的”havebeento9.He________articlesforourwall-newspaperthesethreeyears,andhe_______aboutthirtyarticles.A.haswritten;haswrittenB.hasbeenwriting;wroteC.iswriting;hasbeenwritingD.hasbeenwriting;haswritten【答案】D【分析】第一空根據(jù)thesethreeyears可知寫書的動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在且還會繼續(xù)下去，用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，后半句表示目前已經(jīng)完成了30篇，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。10.Thenewscameasnosurprisetome.Iitforsometimethatthefactorywasgoingtoshutdown.A.hadknownB.knewC.haveknownD.know【答案】C【分析】根據(jù)forsometime判斷用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?！菊n后練習(xí)】1.Theprice________，butIdoubtwhetheritwillremainso.A.wentdownB.willgodownC.hasgonedownD.wasgoingdown【答案】C【分析】根據(jù)從句whetheritwillremainso用一般將來時(shí)態(tài)可以判斷出，價(jià)格的下調(diào)對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，故選C。2.Thecountrylifehewasusedto________greatlysince1992.A.changeB.haschangedC.changingD.havechanged【答案】B【分析】hewasusedto為定語從句，修飾先行詞countrylife，而其賓語為省去的關(guān)系代詞that/which，又根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語since1992，可知B項(xiàng)正確。3.Excuseme，Marcia，areporterfromVanityFair________allday.Couldyouspeaktohernow?A.phonesB.hasphonedC.hasbeenphoningD.phoned【答案】C【分析】句意為：對不起，瑪西婭，一位來自VanityFair的記者一整天都在打電話，你現(xiàn)在能和她通話嗎？表示過去開始的動作一直持續(xù)進(jìn)行到現(xiàn)在，用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。題干中allday表示一段時(shí)間。4.Gladtoseeyouback.Howlong________inRussia?A.didyoustayB.wereyoustayingC.haveyoubeenstayingD.haveyoustayed【答案】A【分析】根據(jù)句意，既然gladtoseeyouback，說明stayinRussia這一動作已發(fā)生，且發(fā)生在過去，未涉及現(xiàn)在的狀況，所以C、D兩項(xiàng)不合適；B項(xiàng)是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，指過去某時(shí)正在發(fā)生的動作，所以也不正確；A項(xiàng)是一般過去時(shí)，用來陳述過去時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作，故選A。5.Mybrotherisanactor.He________inseveralfilmssofar.A.appearsB.appearedC.hasappearedD.isappearing【答案】C【分析】時(shí)間狀語sofar表示“到目前為止”，它常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，故選C。6.Whenyouarehome，giveacalltoletmeknowyou________safely.A.arearrivingB.havearrivedC.hadarrivedD.willarrive【答案】B【分析】句意為：當(dāng)你到家時(shí)，給我打電話，讓我知道你已經(jīng)安全到達(dá)了。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)havearrived。arearriving為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來；hadarrived為過去完成時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的發(fā)生時(shí)間為過去的過去；willarrive為一般將來時(shí)，三者均不符合句意。7.—Why，Jack，youlooksotired!—Well，I________thehouseandImustfinishth