Unit1+單元語法句子的成分和基本句型 高中英語外研版（2019）必修第一冊

英語中的基本句子成分

及基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)主語

（subject）謂語

（predicate）賓語

（object）表語

（predicative）定語

（attribute）狀語

（adverbial）補語

（complement）七種基本的句子成分1.主語：即一個句子描述的對象，常位于句子最前面。1.Thesunrisesintheeast.2.Helikesreading.3.Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.4.Seeingisbelieving.5.Toseeistobelieve.6.Whatheneedsisabook.常用名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，動名詞，動詞不定式，從句等形式充當(dāng)一個句子的主語。ThesunHeTwentyyearsSeeingToseeWhatheneeds2.謂語:即句子主語發(fā)出的動作，常位于主語之后.1.We

study

English.2.Timeflies.3.Heworkssohard.常用實義動詞充當(dāng)一個句子的謂語成分。studyfliesworks3.賓語：常位于動詞或介詞之后，即一個動作的承受者1.I

like

China.2.He

hates

you.3.I

enjoy

working

with

you.4.I

hope

to

see

you

again.5.Did

you

write

down

what

he

said.1.Are

you

afraid

of

the

snake?2.Under

the

snow,there

are

many

rocks.動詞賓語介詞賓語常用名詞/代詞/動名詞/不定式/從句等形式充當(dāng)句子賓語。Chinayou

working

with

youto

see

youwhathesaidthe

snake

thesnow4.表語:表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征，

常位于系動詞之后，1.He

is

a

teacher.2.Helookshandsome.3.The

picture

is

on

the

wall.4.The

question

is

whether

they

will

come.5.Allyouneedtodoistotakenotescarefullyinclass.常用名詞，形容詞，介詞短語，從句，不定式等充當(dāng)句子的表語成分。ateacherhandsomeon

the

wallwhether

they

will

come.totakenotescarefullyinclass

5.定語:

用來修飾某個名詞或代詞的形容詞，短語或

句子，定語可位于其修飾詞的前面或后面。1.Thisisanoldcomputer.2.Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.3.Theboysplayingfootballareinclass8.4.Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.5.IhaveagoodwaytolearnEnglishwell.6.ThebookthatIamreadingiswrittenbyMoYan.常用形容詞，介詞短語，現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞，不定式，從句等形式充當(dāng)定語成分。

oldwithababyinherarmsplayingfootballplantedlastyear

tolearnEnglishwellthatIamreading6.狀語:

用來修飾動詞，形容詞,或者整個句子的副詞，短語或者從句，可表示時間/地點/原因/方式/結(jié)果/條件/讓步等。1.Iwillgotheretomorrow.2.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.3.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.4.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.5.Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedtheexam.6.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.7.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.常用副詞，介詞短語，從句充當(dāng)句子的狀語成分。tomorrowinthemeetingroombecauseofthehotweatherhardwellsothathefailedtheexamIfyoustudyhardThoughheisyoung7.賓補（賓語補足補）：用來補充說明賓語狀態(tài)或動作的Theyusuallykeeptheirclassroomclean.TheteacherwantustolearnEnglishhard.wewillmakeourschoollifecolourful.IcalledherMary.常用形容詞，不定式，名詞等形式來充當(dāng)動詞的賓補形式。cleantolearnEnglishhardcolourfulMary主語（subject）謂語（predicate）賓語（object）表語（predicative）定語（attribute）狀語（adverbial）補語（complement）一個句子所描述的主體或?qū)ο笾髡Z發(fā)出的某個動作某個動作的承受者補充說明賓語/主語表明主語的性質(zhì)/特征/狀態(tài)用來修飾某個名詞或代詞的說明動作發(fā)生的狀態(tài)，時間等七種句子基本成分分析句子成分：1.Ourheadteacherisanexcellentteacher.2.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.3.Theyfeltveryexcitedwhentheyheardthegoodnews.4.Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.5.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.6.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.7.Shewentabroadintheseptemberof2002.8.Lilyshowedusmanyofherpictures.Thesunrises.Iamhungry.Ibrushmyteeth.Momgivesmebreakfast.Itmakesmehappy！

五大基本句型1.主+謂2.主+系+表3.主+謂+賓

4.主+謂+間賓+直賓

5.主+謂+賓+賓補基本句型一：主＋謂

（S+V）

謂Ｖi（不及物動詞）1.Time2.Themoon3.Theman4.Weall5.Everybody6.I7.Theyflies.rose.cooked.eat.laughed.woke.talked

forhalfanhour.此句型的謂語動詞都能表達一個完整的意義出來。1.我咳了一夜。2.我的爺爺早晨起得很早。Exercises:3.在過去的十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。Icoughed

allnight.Mygrandfathergetsup

earlyinthemorning.Great

changeshavetakenplace

inmyhometowninthepasttenyears.

此句型的句子有一個共同特點：謂語動詞不能表達完整的意思，必須跟有一個賓語，即動作的承受者，才能使意思完整。

謂Ｖt（實義動詞）1.Who

2.She3.He4.He5.They6.Danny7.I8.Heknowslaughatunderstandsmadeatelikeswantsaidtheanswer?her.English.cakes.someapples.donuts.tohaveacupoftea."Goodmorning."基本句型

2主+謂+賓

161.我看了一部電影。

2.我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來的信。3.那位先生能流利地說三種語言。Exercises:I

saw

a

film.Thatgentlemencanspeakthreelanguagesfluently.IreceivedaletterfrommypenfriendinAustralia.Knowledgegivesme

power.Sheaskedme

thequestion.Itoldhim

theanswer.3.主+謂+間接賓語(人)+直接賓語(物)常見的雙賓動詞有：give/tell/bring/pass/offer/buy/send/show/cook....sb.sth.181．他給你買了本字典。2．奶奶可以給我講一個有趣的故事。3．她為丈夫做了頓美味的飯菜。

Heboughtyou

adictionary.

Grandmacantell

me

aninterestingstory.Shecookedherhusband

adeliciousmeal.Exercises:4.主+謂+賓+賓補(補充說明賓語）

MissYangmakesme

happy.Thesunkeepsus

warm.

Iheardhim

singing.TheymadeTom

monitor.The

teacher

asked

me

to

answer

the

question.可做賓補的有名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，動詞不定式(todo)，分詞（doing/done)。1.我們叫她Alice.2.我們大家都認(rèn)為他是誠實的。3.我們要使學(xué)校變得更美麗。Exercises:Wewillmakeourschool

morebeautiful.Wecall

her

Alice.

Allofusconsideredhim

honest.

5.主+系+表MissYang

isateacher.MissYanglooksbeautiful/energetic.Theweathergetshotinsummer.Theflowersmellsgood.Myworkistolookafterthebaby.系動詞本身不能表達完整意義，要形容詞、名詞、不定式、介詞短語等作表語來補充說明主語。(1)Be動詞：am/is/are/was/were(2)感官動詞：look/taste/sound/smell/feel/seem/appear(3)表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的：

remain/stay/keep(4)表示狀態(tài)變化的

become/get/turn/go/grow常見的系動詞有：1.我的兄弟都是大學(xué)生。2.冬季白天短，夜晚長。3.布朗夫人看起來很健康。4.十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。5.孩子們，請保持安靜。Exercises:1.Mybrothersareallcollegestudents.2.Inwinter,thedaysareshortandthenightsarelong.3.MrsBrownlooksveryhealthy.4.Attheageoffifteenhebecameafamouspianist.5.Children,keepquietplease.典型例題分析分析句子成分：1.Ourheadteacherisanexcellentteacher.2.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.3.Theyfeltveryexcitedwhentheyheardthegoodnews.4.Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.5.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.6.Heas