湖南省麓山共同體2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期第三次月考英語(yǔ)試題

2023-2024-1麓山共同體高二12月學(xué)情檢測(cè)試卷高二年級(jí)英語(yǔ)試卷總分:150分時(shí)量:120分鐘注意事項(xiàng):1.答題前填寫好自己的姓名、班級(jí)、考號(hào)等信息2.請(qǐng)將答案正確填寫在答題卡上第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatcolordresswillthewomantryon?A.Theblackone.B.Thegreenone.C.Thepinkone.2.WhichpartoftheEnglishexamdidJackfailtofinish?A.Thelisteningsection.B.Thewritingsection.C.Thereadingsection.3.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Overthephone.B.Inahospital.C.Onabeach.4.Whendidthetalkbegin?A.At9:00.B.At8:50.C.At9:10.5.Whatisthemanwatching?A.Abasketballmatch.B.Adocumentary.C.Aquizshow.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間,每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對(duì)話,回答第6第7小題。6.Whydoesthewomancometotheman?A.Toaskforpermission.B.Toextendaninvitation.C.Toexpressthanks.7.Whenarethestudentsgoingtothemuseum?A.OnFriday.B.OnSaturday.C.OnSunday.聽下面一段對(duì)話,回答第8到第10三個(gè)小題8.WhyisMikesohappy?A.Hehaswonarace.B.Hehasbeenpraised.C.Hehasbeencheerednoisily.9.Whatracewillthemanspeakertakepartintomorrow?A.The400-meterrace.B.The800-meterrace.C.The1,000-meterrace.10.Howdoesthemanspeakerfeelaboutthecomingraces?A.Worried.B.Puzzled.C.Confident.聽下面一段對(duì)話,回答第11到第13小題。11.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Buyinggroceries.B.Choosinggifts.C.Seeingfriends.12.WhoisClara?A.Theman`swife.B.Theman`smother.C.Theman`sdaughter.13.Howmuchdidthemanspendonthecitypasses?A.$36.B.$50.C.$150.聽下面一段對(duì)話,回答14-16小題。14.Whydoesthemancomehere?A.Tohavealesson.B.Tokeepanappointment.C.Tocancelanappointment.15.Whatinformationdoesthewomanneedtogetfromtheman?A.Hishealthinsurancenumber.B.Hishomeaddress.C.Hisidentifycard.16.What`swrongwiththeman?A.Hehasabackache.B.Hehasastomachache.C.Hehasatoothache.聽下面一段獨(dú)白,回答17-20小題。17.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Hostingaradioprogram.B.Chairingameeting.C.Conductinganinterview.18.Inwhichcountrydidblindboxesfirstbecomepopular?A.China.B.Japan.C.Thailand.19.Howmuchwilltheblindboxmarketbeworthby2024?A.1.14billionyuan.B.7.4billionyuan.C.30billionyuan.20.WhyisWangKefondofblindboxes?A.Togetasurprise.B.Togaincomfort.C.Toreducestress.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AVarioussportsattractfansfordifferentreasons:Spectatorsportsdrawevenmorefanswhojustlovetowatch.Herearesomeofthemostbelovedsportsworldwide.Hockey-2billionfansHockey,bothoniceandonafield,winsafollowingoftwobillionenthusiasticfansworldwide.FieldhockeyismainlyplayedinEurope,Africa,Asia,andAustralia,whileicehockeyisparticularlypopularinCanadaandtheUS,wherekidsgrowupplayingpondhockey.Unlikeicehockey,fieldhockeyusuallydoesnotinvolvebodycontactintheformofcheckingandhitting.Football-4billionfansFootball,betterknownassoccerintheUS,isbyfarthemostpopularsportintheworld.Expertsestimatethattheorigin(起源)offootballmaygoasfarbackastwothousandyears,beginninginancientChinaduringtheHanDynasty.Onemajorreasonforfootball’sglobalpopularityisthatunlikeothersportsthatrequireexpensiveequipment,allyouneedtoplayfootballisaballandyourfeet.Volleyball-900millionfansVolleyballpitstwoteamsacrossahighnet,eachattemptingtosmashtheballontotheopponent’sfloor.Apopularvariant,beachvolleyball,iscompetedonsandbypairsratherthantheregularsixplayersperteam.Thecrowdappealofbeachvolleyballhasgrowngreatlyinrecentyears.Tennis-1billionfansAnestimatedonebillionpeopleworldwidefollowprofessionaltennistournamentsandmatches.Intennis,playersonbothsidesofanettrytohitaballwitharacketsothatiteithergoespasttheiropponent(對(duì)手)orbouncestwiceontheiropponent’ssideofthecourttoscorepoints.TennissuperstarslikeRafaelNadal,andSerenaWilliamsarenowhouseholdnamesaroundtheworld,withhugeinternationalfanbases.1.Whichsportattractsthemostfansaccordingtothetext?A.Volleyball. B.Hockey. C.Football. D.Tennis.2.Whatmakesfootballpopularallovertheworld?A.Itslonghistory. B.Itsgreatconvenience.C.Itsuniqueorigin. D.Itshugefanbases.3.Whichstatementaboutthefoursportsistrue?A.Playingicehockeyinvolvesbodycontact.B.SoccerisAmericanpeople'sfavoritesport.C.Beachvolleyballhasattractedthemostsportsfansrecently.D.Atennisplayerlosesonepointifhisballgoespasthisopponent.【答案】1.C2.B3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了世界上最受歡迎的幾項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題Football-4billionfans下的“Football,betterknownassoccerintheUS,isbyfarthemostpopularsportintheworld.(足球，在美國(guó)被稱為soccer，是迄今為止世界上最受歡迎的運(yùn)動(dòng))”可知，足球最吸引球迷。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題Football-4billionfans下的“Onemajorreasonforfootball’sglobalpopularityisthatunlikeothersportsthatrequireexpensiveequipment,allyouneedtoplayfootballisaballandyourfeet.(球在全球受歡迎的一個(gè)主要原因是，與其他需要昂貴裝備的運(yùn)動(dòng)不同，踢足球只需要一個(gè)球和你的腳)”可知，非常方便讓足球風(fēng)靡全球。故選B項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題Hockey-2billionfans下的“Unlikeicehockey,fieldhockeyusuallydoesnotinvolvebodycontactintheformofcheckingandhitting.(與冰上曲棍球不同的是，場(chǎng)地曲棍球通常不涉及身體接觸，比如檢查和擊球)”可知，冰上曲棍球需要身體接觸，所以A項(xiàng)陳述正確。故選A項(xiàng)。BForthreedays,thedoctordidn’tgetsinglepatient.Thenonthefourthday,awomanopenedthedoortohisoffice,sawhimandranaway.“Ihadtorunafterher,sayingIcanhelpherwiththeproblem,”saidDiarraBoubacar.The53-year-oldstillhasagoodlaughwhenhetalksabouthisfirstdayworkingasadoctoroftraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)ataprivatehospitalinChengdu,Sichuanprovince.“Ifmyapproachisnoteffective,Iwillnottakeanymoneyfromyou,”hepromisedthewoman.Thewomanfinallyacceptedhistreatmentandfeltbetter.“Shestartedbringingherparentsandherhusband,andtheyallbecamemypatients.”BornintheAfricancountryofMali,BoubacarfirstcametoChinain1984onastudentexchangeprogrammemajoringinChineselanguageandcultureatBeijingLanguageandCultureUniversity.Afterthecourse,hestudiedTCMatGuangzhouUniversityofChineseMedicine.SinceTCMisalsorelatedtoChinesehistoryandculture,studentshavetostudyancientChineseliteratureasmostofthemedicaltextswerewritteninancientChinesecharacters.“That’sasubjecteventheChinesefinddifficult;sothinkofme,aforeigner!”hesaid.However,thegreatestchallengeforhimwastoconvincepeoplethateventhoughhewasaforeigner,hecouldstilltreatthemeffectivelywithTCM.Besideshisworkinthecommunity,Boubacarisalsoknownasthe“AfricanNormanBethune”.DoctorBethunewasaCanadianfrontlinedoctorwhoranmobilehospitalinnorthChinainthe1930s.“IwanttobuildnotonlyahospitalbutalsoaneducationalcentrewherepeoplecancomeandlearnaboutChinesemedicine,”Boubacarsaid.HeplanstobuildahospitalwithaneducationalcentrewherepeoplecanlearnTCMinAfrica.“IftheylearnTCM,theywillbeabletotreatpeopleinAfricainaverycheapandeffectiveway.”4.WhydidthewomanintroduceherfamilytoBoubacar?A.Thetreatmentisfree. B.Thecurativeeffectisgood.C.Itisaprivatehospital. D.ThedoctorisfromAfrica.5.WhatwasBoubacar’soriginalintentionofcomingtoChina?A.Torunaneducationalcentre. B.Tostartaprivatehospital.C.TolearnChineselanguageandculture. D.TolearnfromNormanBethune,6.WhatwasthebigdifficultyBoubacarfacedatthebeginningofhisstudyofTCM?A.Understandinghisteachers.B.StudyingChineselanguage.C.Convincinghisclassmatesofhisability.D.UnderstandingancientChineseliterature.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBoubacar?A.Creativeandmodest. B.Talentedandpatient.C.Determinedandambitious. D.Humorousanddiligent.【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了來自非洲的迪亞拉·布巴卡爾熱愛中國(guó)文化，在中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)中醫(yī)并成為一名中醫(yī)的故事?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段關(guān)鍵句“Thewomanfinallyacceptedhistreatmentandfeltbetter.“Shestartedbringingherparentsandherhusband,andtheyallbecamemypatients.””（這個(gè)女人最終接受了他的治療，感覺好多了?！八_始帶父母和丈夫來，他們都成了我的病人?！保┛芍?，女人接受布巴卡爾的治療后，感覺好多了，所以帶父母和丈夫來，由此可知，這個(gè)女人把她的家人介紹給布巴卡爾，因?yàn)椴及涂柕闹委熜Ч芎?。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段關(guān)鍵句“BornintheAfricancountryofMali,BoubacarfirstcametoChinain1984onastudentexchangeprogrammemajoringinChineselanguageandcultureatBeijingLanguageandCultureUniversity.”（布巴卡爾出生于非洲國(guó)家馬里，1984年第一次來到中國(guó)參加交換生項(xiàng)目，在北京語(yǔ)言大學(xué)主修中國(guó)語(yǔ)言和文化。）可知，布巴卡爾最初來中國(guó)是打算在北京語(yǔ)言大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)語(yǔ)言和文化的，由此可知，布巴卡爾來中國(guó)的初衷是學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)語(yǔ)言和文化。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容“SinceTCMisalsorelatedtoChinesehistoryandculture,studentshavetostudyancientChineseliteratureasmostofthemedicaltextswerewritteninancientChinesecharacters.“That’sasubjecteventheChinesefinddifficult;sothinkofme,aforeigner!”hesaid.”（由于中醫(yī)也與中國(guó)歷史和文化有關(guān)，學(xué)生必須學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)古代文學(xué)，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)醫(yī)學(xué)文本都是用古代漢字書寫的?！斑@是一個(gè)連中國(guó)人都覺得很難的科目，想想我，一個(gè)外國(guó)人！”他說。）可知，要想學(xué)習(xí)中醫(yī)，需要學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)古代文學(xué)，布巴卡爾說這是一個(gè)連中國(guó)人都覺得很難的科目，對(duì)于一個(gè)外國(guó)人來說，就更難了，由此可推斷出，布巴卡爾在開始學(xué)習(xí)中醫(yī)時(shí)面臨的最大困難是理解中國(guó)古代文學(xué)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段關(guān)鍵句““That’sasubjecteventheChinesefinddifficult;sothinkofme,aforeigner!”hesaid.”（“這是一個(gè)連中國(guó)人都覺得很難的科目，想想我，一個(gè)外國(guó)人！”他說。）可知，學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)古代文學(xué)很難，但布巴卡爾卻能克服重重困難，成為了一名中醫(yī)，由此可知，他是一個(gè)有決心的人；根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容“HeplanstobuildahospitalwithaneducationalcentrewherepeoplecanlearnTCMinAfrica.“IftheylearnTCM,theywillbeabletotreatpeopleinAfricainaverycheapandeffectiveway.””（他計(jì)劃在非洲建立一家醫(yī)院和一個(gè)教育中心，在那里人們可以學(xué)習(xí)中醫(yī)?！叭绻麄儗W(xué)習(xí)中醫(yī)，他們將能夠以非常廉價(jià)有效的方式治療非洲人民?！保┛芍及涂柕拈L(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)計(jì)劃是在非洲建立一家醫(yī)院和一個(gè)教育中心，為那里的人提供廉價(jià)但有效的醫(yī)療服務(wù)，由此可知，他是一個(gè)有雄心的人，綜上所述，布巴卡爾是一個(gè)有決心且雄心勃勃的人。故選C項(xiàng)。CTheliver(肝臟)cleansthebloodandhelpsremovepoisonfromthebody.Butlivercanceristhesixthmostcommoncancerintheworld,andnowresearchersaredevelopinganewformoftreatment.Theysayitreducesthechancesofharmingthepatient.Thistreatmentinvolvestheuseofnatural,non-poisonouschemicalsfromplants.Thatiswhytheresearcherscallita“green”methodforfightingcancer.KatteshKattiisaprofessorofradiologyandphysicsattheUniversityofMissouri’sSchoolofMedicine.Formorethan10years,hehasstudiedtheuseofnanotechnology(納米技術(shù))tofightcancer.Nanotechnologyisthescienceofmakingthingsunimaginablysmall.Forthisstudy,Kattiusedextremelysmallobjectstotargetanddestroycancercellsintheliversofmiceandhumancellsinthelaboratory.KatteshKattiusedverysmallparticles(顆粒)ofgold.Thegoldwascoveredinaprotectivematerial.Hesaystheparticlesattractcancercells.Thosecellsarefarmoreaffectedbylowerlevelsofheatthanhealthycells.Oncetheparticlestraveltoandconnectwiththecells,theyareheatedwithalaser.Thatdestroysthecancercells,butthehealthyonesaroundthemlive.”Thepatientwillbeadministeredwiththesenanoparticles.Withinacoupleofhours,thepatientwillbetreatedwithlasers,andthenthepatientcangohome.So,thereisnoradioactivity.Thereisnoharmfulwaste.Thereisnobadeffectonthepatient.”Whatthatmeansisthatthepatientwouldnothavethesamesideeffectsthatonecanhavefromradiationandchemotherapy(化療).Chemotherapydrugsoftenarepoisonous.Whiletheykilloffthecancercells,theyarealsopoisonoustothehealthycellsandthepatientcangetverysick.8.Whyisthenewformoftreatmentcalleda“green”method?A.Itavoidstheopportunitiesofhurtingthepatient.B.Chemicalsusedintreatmentarenaturalandharmless.C.Ithelpscleanthebloodandremovepoisonfromthebody.D.Plantsaredirectlyusedtotreatthepatientwithoutothermedicine.9.WhatcanweknowaboutKattiaccordingtothetext?A.Hehasbeenaprofessorincancerresearchforoveradecade.B.Heusednanotechnologytomakesmallparticlesintogold.C.Heusednanotechnologytokillcancercellsinthehospital.D.Hethinksnanoparticlescantreatcancerpatientsmoreeffectively10.What’sKatti’sattitudetowardthenewmethodoftreatment?A.Doubtful. B.Uncaring. C.Positive. D.Worried.11What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.Canfightingcancerbegreen? B.ResearcherscandealwithlivercancerC.Livercancerisnotabigproblem D.Whichisbetter,radiationorchemotherapy?【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一種治療癌細(xì)胞的綠色方法，這種方法不會(huì)對(duì)患者產(chǎn)生傷害，不會(huì)產(chǎn)生有害廢物，也沒有放射性，具有很好的應(yīng)用前景?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Thistreatmentinvolvestheuseofnatural,non-poisonouschemicalsfromplants(這種療法包括使用來自植物的天然無(wú)毒化學(xué)物質(zhì))”可知，這種新的治療方法被稱為“綠色”方法，因?yàn)橹委熤惺褂玫幕瘜W(xué)物質(zhì)是天然無(wú)害的。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“KatteshKattiisaprofessorofradiologyandphysicsattheUniversityofMissouri’sSchoolofMedicine.Formorethan10years,hehasstudiedtheuseofnanotechnology(納米技術(shù))tofightcancer.(KatteshKatti是密蘇里大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院的放射學(xué)和物理學(xué)教授。十多年來，他一直在研究利用納米技術(shù)來對(duì)抗癌癥)”可知，Katti認(rèn)為納米粒子可以更有效地治療癌癥患者。故選D?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第六段的“So,thereisnoradioactivity.Thereisnoharmfulwaste.Thereisnobadeffectonthepatient.(所以，沒有放射性。沒有有害的廢物。對(duì)病人沒有不良影響)”可推知，卡蒂對(duì)新的治療方法持積極的態(tài)度。故選C?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文特別是第一段“nowresearchersaredevelopinganewformoftreatment.Theysayitreducesthechancesofharmingthepatient.(現(xiàn)在研究人員正在開發(fā)一種新的治療方法。他們說，這減少了傷害病人的機(jī)會(huì))”和第二段“Thistreatmentinvolvestheuseofnatural,non-poisonouschemicalsfromplants.Thatiswhytheresearcherscallita“green”methodforfightingcancer.(這種治療方法包括使用來自植物的天然無(wú)毒化學(xué)物質(zhì)。這就是為什么研究人員稱其為對(duì)抗癌癥的“綠色”方法)”可知，文章介紹了一種治療癌細(xì)胞的綠色方法，這種方法不會(huì)對(duì)患者產(chǎn)生傷害，不會(huì)產(chǎn)生有害廢物，也沒有放射性，具有很好的應(yīng)用前景。由此可知，A.Canfightingcancerbegreen?(抗瘤可以綠色嗎？)適合作本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選A。DUsingneedlestodeliverdrugshasbeencommonformorethanacentury.Thepasthundredyearshaveseenallmannerofmedicaladvances,fromlife-savingmedicineandX-raystomRNAvaccinesandspecialcancertreatments.Yettheneedlehasstayedmostlyunchanged.Althoughnowavailableinavarietyofdifferentsizes,itremainsahollow(havingaholeoremptyspaceinside),pointytube.Withluckthatmaysoonchange.AsYichiMa,ascientistattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,andhiscolleaguesoutlineinareviewpaper,researchersaroundtheworldarelookingforwaystoeasethepainwhenneedlesgointotheskin.Manyhavebeeninspiredbynature.Theteamgottheirideafrommosquitoes,whichmanagetogettheirbloodmealswithoutcausinggreatpaintopeople.Onereasonisthattheinsectsusepainkillingchemicalswhentheyfirstpuncture(刺穿)theskin.Butthereisanotherreason,Thepointofamosquito'ssaw-likeproboscis(鋸齒狀的喙)issofteratitstip.Theinsectmakestheskinofitstargettightbeforebiting,andshakesitsproboscisasitpushestheproboscisin.Allofthishelpsreducetheforceneededtopuncturetheskin.Onepaper,publishedin2020byagroupofresearchersinAmericaandChina,foundthatamosquito-inspiredneedlerequired27%lesspuncturingforcethananordinaryone.AndlessforcemeanslesspainMosquito-inspiredneedlesmightalsobeusefulfordelicateproceduressuchasbiopsies(theexaminationoftissuetakenfromalivingbody).ApaperfromtheUniversityofMichigan,alsopublishedin2020,foundthatscientistscouldimprovebiopsiesoftissueinsomebodyorgans.Thelowerforceledtolessmovementoftheorganitself,ensuringthattheneedleswereguidedaccuratelytotheareathatneededsampling.Fornow,suchdevicesremainlimitedtolabs.Butthereisabigmarketforbetterneedles.AccordingtoWHO,around16billioninjectionsweregivenin2018.Withonepersoninfoursayingtheysufferfromafearofneedles,thesavingsonstickersandsweetsforthebravesoulswhorolluptheirsleeveswouldbeconsiderable.12.WhatcanweinferaboutneedlesfromParagraph1?A.TheirimportancehasbeenignoredforlongB.Theyfallbehindothermedicalinnovations.C.TheirsizeremainsthesameforoveracenturyD.Theyhadapoorsourceofsupplyfordecades.13.Whatistheaimofscientists'seekingtoimproveneedledesign?A.Tolessendiscomfort.B.Todelivermuchmoredrugs.C.Tomaketheneedlesflexible.D.Toincreasethefrequencyofneedleuse.14WhatismainlypresentedinParagraph3?A.Thesourceofscientists'inspirationB.Thechemicalcompoundsfoundinmosquitoes.C.Theuniquestructureofamosquito'sproboscis.D.Theharmfuleffectsofmosquitobitesonhumans.15.Whydidtheauthormentionthefiguresinthelastparagraph?A.Toshowpeople'sanxietyaboutinjections.B.Tohighlightthelimitationsofcurrentneedledesigns,C.Todrawattentiontothedangersoftoomanyinjections.D.Toemphasizethepotentialdemandforimprovedneedles.【答案】12.B13.A14.A15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了一個(gè)多世紀(jì)以來，使用針頭給藥已經(jīng)很普遍了。在過去的一百年里，醫(yī)學(xué)取得了各種各樣的進(jìn)步，從拯救生命的藥物和X射線到mRNA疫苗和特殊的癌癥治療。然而針頭基本沒有改變。雖然現(xiàn)在有各種不同的尺寸，它仍然是一個(gè)中空的尖管。幸運(yùn)的是，這種情況可能很快就會(huì)改變，從而會(huì)減輕疼痛的不適感?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Yettheneedlehasstayedmostlyunchanged.Althoughnowavailableinavarietyofdifferentsizes,itremainsahollow(havingaholeoremptyspaceinside),pointytube.”（然而針頭基本沒有改變。雖然現(xiàn)在有各種不同的尺寸，它仍然是一個(gè)中空的(有一個(gè)孔或空的空間)，尖管。）可知，從第一段我們可以推斷出針頭落后于其他醫(yī)療創(chuàng)新。故選B項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“AsYichiMa,ascientistattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,andhiscolleaguesoutlineinareviewpaper,researchersaroundtheworldarelookingforwaystoeasethepainwhenneedlesgointotheskin.”（正如加州大學(xué)伯克利分校(UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley)的科學(xué)家YichiMa和他的同事在一篇綜述論文中概述的那樣，世界各地的研究人員都在尋找減輕針刺入皮膚時(shí)疼痛的方法。）可知，科學(xué)家改進(jìn)針頭設(shè)計(jì)的目的是減輕疼痛的不適感。故選A項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Theteamgottheirideafrommosquitoes,whichmanagetogettheirbloodmealswithoutcausinggreatpaintopeople.Onereasonisthattheinsectsusepainkillingchemicalswhentheyfirstpuncture(刺穿)theskin.Butthereisanotherreason,Thepointofamosquito'ssaw-likeproboscis(鋸齒狀的喙)issofteratitstip.Theinsectmakestheskinofitstargettightbeforebiting,andshakesitsproboscisasitpushestheproboscisin.Allofthishelpsreducetheforceneededtopuncturetheskin.”（該團(tuán)隊(duì)從蚊子那里得到了他們的想法，蚊子能夠在不給人類帶來巨大痛苦的情況下獲取血液。其中一個(gè)原因是昆蟲在第一次刺穿皮膚時(shí)會(huì)使用止痛化學(xué)物質(zhì)。但還有另一個(gè)原因，蚊子鋸齒狀的喙尖更柔軟。這種昆蟲在咬之前會(huì)把目標(biāo)的皮膚繃緊，在把喙推進(jìn)去的時(shí)候會(huì)搖晃它的喙。所有這些都有助于減少刺穿皮膚所需的力量。）可知，第三段的主要講的是科學(xué)家靈感的源泉。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Fornow,suchdevicesremainlimitedtolabs.Butthereisabigmarketforbetterneedles.AccordingtoWHO,around16billioninjectionsweregivenin2018.Withonepersoninfoursayingtheysufferfromafearofneedles,thesavingsonstickersandsweetsforthebravesoulswhorolluptheirsleeveswouldbeconsiderable.”（目前，這類設(shè)備仍局限于實(shí)驗(yàn)室。但是更好的針頭有很大的市場(chǎng)。據(jù)世衛(wèi)組織稱，2018年約有160億次注射。四分之一的人說他們害怕打針，對(duì)于那些勇敢的人來說，卷起袖子在貼紙和糖果上節(jié)省的錢將是相當(dāng)可觀的。）可推知，作者為在最后一段提到這些數(shù)字是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)改良針頭的潛在需求。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Mostathletesandparentswouldagreethatsportsmanshipisanimportantaspectofathletics.Althoughitcomesinmanyforms,everyonecanlistwhatsportsmanshiplookslike.Weshakehandsbeforeandaftergames.____16____Theseexamplesarejustdisplayinggoodsportsmanship.Itiseasyforparentsandkidstogetcaughtupinagameandbecometoofocusedonwinning.Althoughwinningisimportant,itisnotalwaysthemostimportantaspectofthegame.____17____Goodsportsmanshipisoneofthoselifelessonsthatshouldbeintentionallylearned,taughtandpracticed.Nomatterhowmuchwewouldliketo,wecannotwinateverythingeverytime.____18____Afterahard-foughtgame,theloserfeltfrustratedinalosingeffort.Itcanbeverydifficulttolookyouropponentsintheeyeandtellthem“goodjob”.Butthisiswhatisaskedofathletes.Howdowehandlelosingwithdignity?____19____Almostnobodyiswillingtocomesecondinagame,butonlyonecanbechampion.Thereisnoneedtobeovercomewithdefeat.Instead,acceptfailureandfaceuptoitbravely,believingfailureisthemotherofsuccess.Recognizethewinnersandcongratulatethem.Winningisfun!Itistherewardforyourhardwork.Whenweparticipateinasportthatkeepsscore,itisourresponsibilitytotheteamtodoourbesttowinwithintherulesofthegameandwithinthespiritofthegame.____20____A.Keeplosinginperspective.B.Soweneedtolearntodealwithdefeat.C.Besides,winningdoesn’tmeanyouareperfect.D.Weclapforinjuredplayersoncetheyareontheirfeet.EThereissomuchtobegainedfromanathleticexperience.F.Wemustensuretheyhaveafunandsafesportsexperience.G.Butwinningbecomesanegativewhenitisateam’sonlygoal.【答案】16.D17.E18.B19.A20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要探討了運(yùn)動(dòng)員和觀眾在體育比賽中的行為和態(tài)度，強(qiáng)調(diào)了體育精神的重要性，并呼吁人們以積極的態(tài)度面對(duì)失敗和勝利?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容“Theseexamplesarejustdisplayinggoodsportsmanship.(這些例子只是展示了良好的體育精神。)”可推測(cè)出，空處指的是展示良好體育精神的例子。選項(xiàng)D“Weclapforinjuredplayersoncetheyareontheirfeet.(一旦受傷的球員站起來，我們就為他們鼓掌。)”和空前“Weshakehandsbeforeandaftergames.(我們?cè)诒荣惽昂笪帐帧?”都是展現(xiàn)良好的體育精神的例子，與下文內(nèi)容一致。故選D?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Althoughwinningisimportant,itisnotalwaysthemostimportantaspectofthegame.(雖然獲勝很重要，但它并不總是比賽中最重要的方面。)”可知，獲勝并非是比賽中最重要的方面。再根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容“Goodsportsmanshipisoneofthoselifelessonsthatshouldbeintentionallylearned,taughtandpracticed.(良好的體育精神正是這些人生課程之一，應(yīng)該有意識(shí)地學(xué)習(xí)、教授和實(shí)踐。)”可知，空處指的是我們可以從比賽中學(xué)到很多。選項(xiàng)E“Thereissomuchtobegainedfromanathleticexperience.(從運(yùn)動(dòng)經(jīng)歷中可以學(xué)到很多東西。)”承上啟下，承接上文說明從運(yùn)動(dòng)中可以學(xué)到很多，又引出下文，我們可以從中學(xué)到體育精神。故選E?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容“Afterahard-foughtgame,theloserfeltfrustratedinalosingeffort.Itcanbeverydifficulttolookyouropponentsintheeyeandtellthem“goodjob”.Butthisiswhatisaskedofathletes.(在一場(chǎng)激烈的比賽后，失敗者因失敗而感到沮喪。你很難直視對(duì)手的眼睛，對(duì)他們說“干得好”。但這就是對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的要求。)”可知，下文講述的是要學(xué)會(huì)面對(duì)失敗。選項(xiàng)B“Soweneedtolearntodealwithdefeat.(所以我們需要學(xué)會(huì)面對(duì)失敗。)”與下文內(nèi)容一致，指的都是學(xué)會(huì)面對(duì)失敗。故選B。19題詳解】空處為段首句，為本段主要內(nèi)容。根據(jù)下文“Almostnobodyiswillingtocomesecondinagame,butonlyonecanbechampion.Thereisnoneedtobeovercomewithdefeat.Instead,acceptfailureandfaceuptoitbravely,believingfailureisthemotherofsuccess.Recognizethewinnersandcongratulatethem.(幾乎沒有人愿意在比賽中屈居第二，但只有一個(gè)人能成為冠軍。沒有必要因失敗而氣餒。相反，接受失敗，勇敢地面對(duì)它，相信失敗是成功之母。認(rèn)識(shí)到成功者并向他們表示祝賀。)”可知，本段主要講述的是要正確地看待失敗。選項(xiàng)A“Keeplosinginperspective.(保持對(duì)失敗的正確看法。)”符合本段主要內(nèi)容。故選A?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Winningisfun!Itistherewardforyourhardwork.Whenweparticipateinasportthatkeepsscore,itisourresponsibilitytotheteamtodoourbesttowinwithintherulesofthegameandwithinthespiritofthegame.(獲勝很有趣！這是對(duì)你辛勤工作的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。當(dāng)我們參加一項(xiàng)記分的運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，我們有責(zé)任在比賽規(guī)則和比賽精神的范圍內(nèi)盡我們最大的努力贏得比賽。)”可知，上文講述的是贏得比賽確實(shí)很有趣。選項(xiàng)G“Butwinningbecomesanegativewhenitisateam’sonlygoal.(但是當(dāng)勝利是團(tuán)隊(duì)唯一的目標(biāo)時(shí)，勝利就變成了消極的東西。)”則再次指出，比賽中獲勝并不是最重要的。與本文主題相一致，指的是要有良好的體育精神。故選G。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。TimwasworkinginhisofficewhenhewasaskedtocheckonTony.Feeling___21___,Tonyhadtakenhimselfofftoaquietmeetingroomto___22___.Whenacolleague(同事)foundhim,somethingwas___23___wrong.WhenTimwalkedintothe___24___,hesawTonysittinginachair,lookingpoorlyandbreathingveryrapidly.He___25___thatTonywashavingaheartattack.Tonywasinhisfiftiesandgenerallya___26___man.Butthesymptomsofaheartattackwerethere.Hewassweatingand___27___tobreathe.Hewasalsocomplainingofchestpains,soTimcalledfora(n)___28___.TimofferedTonyanaspirinpillto___29___slowly,whichcanhelptothinthebloodandmayhelpsomeonewhoishavingaheartattack.HemadesurethatTonycontinuedto____30____inacomfortableposition.Forpeaceofmind,heaskedacolleaguetofindanautomatedexternaldefibrillator(自動(dòng)體外除顫器),____31____Tonybecameunresponsiveandstoppedbreathing.____32____hedidn’tneedtouseit.Timcontinuedto____33____TonyuntiltheambulancearrivedandTonywasthentakentohospitalwherehehademergencysurgeryonhisheart.Despitethe____34____ofthesituation,Tonywassavedandisnowfullyrecovered.“WithoutthefirstaidskillsIlearnt,Idon’tknowifIwouldhavebeensolevelheadedwhenthishappened.”Timsaidwhenaskedabouthis____35____actions.21.A.disturbed B.unwell C.innocent D.impatient22.A.rest B.hide C.read D.lie23.A.probably B.actually C.morally D.terribly24.A.room B.office C.company D.hospital25.A.insisted B.admitted C.suspected D.claimed26.A.single B.weak C.healthy D.hardworking27.A.forgetting B.struggling C.stopping D.longing28.A.doctor B.examination C.surgery D.ambulance29.A.chew B.taste C.absorb D.recover30.A.move B.sit C.work D.sleep31.A.sothat B.orelse C.incase D.assoonas32.A.Hopefully B.Normally C.Gradually D.Thankfully33.A.encourage B.monitor C.support D.tolerate34.A.sadness B.awareness C.seriousness D.madness35.A.calm B.brave C.selfless D.voluntary【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.A25.C26.C27.B28.D29.A30.B31.C32.D33.B34.C35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了蒂姆發(fā)現(xiàn)同事托尼心臟病突發(fā)，他沉著應(yīng)對(duì)，冷靜處理，最終幫助托尼等到救護(hù)車，保住生命的故事?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：托尼感到不舒服，便到一間安靜的會(huì)議室休息。A.disturbed焦慮的，煩惱的；B.unwell不舒服的；C.innocent天真的，幼稚的；D.impatient不耐煩的。根據(jù)第二段中“WhenTimwalkedintothe4,hesawTonysittinginachair,lookingpoorlyandbreathingveryrapidly”可知，托尼感到不舒服，所以去休息。故選B項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：托尼感到不舒服，便到一間安靜的會(huì)議室休息。A.rest休息，歇息；B.hide隱藏；C.read閱讀；D.lie平躺，平臥。根據(jù)第二段中“WhenTimwalkedintothe4,hesawTonysittinginachair,lookingpoorlyandbreathingveryrapidly”可知，托尼不舒服，去一間會(huì)議室休息。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)一個(gè)同事發(fā)現(xiàn)他的時(shí)候，情況非常糟糕。A.probably大概，或許；B.actually實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上；C.morally道德上，道義上；D.terribly很，非常。根據(jù)第二段中“Tonysittinginachair,lookingpoorlyandbreathingveryrapidly.He5thatTonywashavingaheartattack.”可知，托尼情況非常糟糕，可能是心臟病發(fā)作。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)?shù)倌纷哌M(jìn)房間時(shí)，他看到托尼坐在椅子上，臉色很難看，呼吸急促。A.room房間；B.office辦公室；C.company公司；D.hospital醫(yī)院。根據(jù)第一段中“Tonyhadtakenhimselfofftoaquietmeetingroom”可知，托尼去了一間安靜的會(huì)議室，所以蒂姆走進(jìn)了這個(gè)房間。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他猜測(cè)托尼心臟病發(fā)作了。A.insisted堅(jiān)持；B.admitted承認(rèn)；C.suspected猜測(cè)；D.claimed聲稱。根據(jù)上文托尼的癥狀“l(fā)ookingpoorlyandbreathingveryrapidly”可推知，蒂姆會(huì)猜測(cè)托尼心臟病發(fā)作了。故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：托尼五十多歲了，大體上還算健康。A.single單一的，單個(gè)的；B.weak虛弱的，無(wú)力的；C.healthy健康的，健壯的；D.hardworking努力工作的。結(jié)合句中“generally”可推知，托尼的身體還算健康，沒什么問題，才能與下文“Butthesymptomsofaheartattackwerethere.”構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，說明托尼出現(xiàn)心臟病癥狀是出乎意料的事情。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他滿頭大汗，呼吸艱難。A.forgetting忘記；B.struggling艱難地行進(jìn)；C.stopping停止；D.longing渴望。根據(jù)下