課件語(yǔ)義重述二

又一個(gè)例子汽車的使用解釋了污染的出現(xiàn)。Theuseofcarsaccountsfortheappearanceofpollution.(10)Itcouldbearguedthatintherecenttwentyyearstheexcessiveutilizationofprivatecars,toaverylargeextent,accountsfortheadventofpollution,suchasnoiseandairpollution,whichhasdrasticallythreatenedthehealthstateofhumanbeings.(43)語(yǔ)義重述句法插入語(yǔ)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句V-ing做狀語(yǔ)插入語(yǔ)Anewplantwouldcontaminatethelivingspaceofthemostofourtown’sinhabitants.tosomedegreeInternetisacollectionofavarietyofinformation.simplyspeaking插入語(yǔ)副詞Indeed,surely,nonetheless,however,nevertheless,admittedly,obviously,besides,furthermore,briefly,similarlyHonestly/frankly/generallyspeaking,naturally,luckily/fortunately,astonishinglyConversely,undeniably/undoubtedly插入語(yǔ)形容詞Strangetosay,needlesstosay,mostimportantofall,worstofall插入語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)Insum/short/summary,inotherwords,inasense,ingeneral,inmyview/opinion/judgment,inconclusion,inthefirstplace,inconsequence,inaddition,incontrary,incontrastTomyjoy/delight/satisfaction/amazement,tomysurprise/astonishment/regret/disappointmentForinstance/exampleInfact,asamatteroffact,ofcourse插入語(yǔ)不定式短語(yǔ)Tobesure,tosumup,totellthetruth,tostartwith插入語(yǔ)句子插入Iamsure,itseems/appears,asIseeit,I’mafraid插入語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)插入Johnson,mybestfriendincollege,isgettingmarriedwithhisfriend.Onlineshopping,aroutinepartofmanygirls‘life,haseabrandnewlifestyle.定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句（AttributiveClauses）在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，有時(shí)也可以修飾部分或整個(gè)句子。Theoldmanwhosesonisasailorisill.TheletterthatIreceivedfromhimisveryimportant.Theroomwhichservedasthediningroomwasbareanddusty.Iknowthereasonwhyhewassoangry.Hehasreachedthepointwhereachangeisneeded.Thereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield.

Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句：ThisisthedogewhichIboughtlastyear.這是我去年買的小柴犬。【限制修飾】非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：Thisisadoge,whichIboughtlastyear.這是一只小柴犬，我去年買的?！狙a(bǔ)充說(shuō)明】定語(yǔ)從句Wewillputoffthepicnictonextweek.Theweathermaybebetterthen.

Wewillputoffthepicnictonextweek,whentheweathermaybebetter.Thisishissister.Sheisverybeautiful.

Thisishissister,whoisverybeautiful.Heisalready15yearsold.Thatisincredible.

Heisalready15yearsold,whichisreallyincredible.that和which的區(qū)分先行詞指物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞that和which往往可以互換。但以下情況中多用that：All,something,anything之后Allthatglittersarenotgold.先行詞有最高級(jí)，theonly,thevery,thejust修飾時(shí)，只用that。ItwasthelargestmapthatIeversaw.強(qiáng)調(diào)句中Itwastheliberationthatbroughtaboutacompletechangeinhislife.在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞做表語(yǔ)應(yīng)用thatThedistancethatyouarefromhomeisimmaterial.that和which的區(qū)分以下情況用which不用that：離先行詞較遠(yuǎn)時(shí)LarrytoldherthestoryoftheyoungairmanwhichInarratedatthebeginningofthisbook.Those+復(fù)數(shù)名詞之后多用whichAshopshouldkeepastockofthosegoodswhichsellbest.介詞之后需用whichThisistheoneofwhichI’mspeaking.練習(xí)這就是我提起的那個(gè)男孩子。（speakof）ThisistheboyIwasspeakingof.我不認(rèn)為90后的孩子們對(duì)政治一無(wú)所知。Idon’tthinkkidsbornafter1990knownothingaboutpolitics.他提出的理論在被越來(lái)與多的人接受。Thetheoryheraised/raisedbyhimisbeingacceptedbymoreandmorepeople.目前還很難搞清楚霧霾產(chǎn)生的原因。（figureout）Currentlyitishardtofigureoutthereasonwhyhazeoccurs.這個(gè)故事可以被看作這樣一個(gè)案例。這個(gè)案例中兩種觀點(diǎn)并非完全相悖。（case，contradict）Thisstorycanberegardedasacaseinwhichtwoideasdonotentirelycontradicteachother.5.于是我全身心地努力，最后終于成功了。（devote,payoff）SoIdevotedmyselfwholeheartedly,whichfinallypaidoff.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的現(xiàn)在分詞形式可以在句中用作狀語(yǔ)，表時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨等等。TheTitanicturnedjustintime,narrowlymissingtheimmensewalloficewhichroseover100feetoutofthewaterbesideher.Hewentoutshuttingthedoorbehindhim.Johnsonfinallyfeltrelaxed,havingdoneallthework.Knowingallthis,theymademepayforit.Heappliedmorewatertotheflowers,onlymakingthingsworse.練習(xí)那年我已經(jīng)25歲了，有著體面的收入。（decent）ThenIwasalready25yearsold,earningadecentsalary.生病了，我待在了家里。Beingsick,Istayedathome.沒(méi)有別地選擇，政府必須補(bǔ)貼那些出口公司。Having

nootherchoice,thegovernmenthastosubsidizethoseexportingcompanies.我選擇去美國(guó)上學(xué)，希望能看一看更廣闊的世界。IchosetostudyintheUS,hopingtoseeabroaderworld.拓展練習(xí)5.人們的購(gòu)買力增強(qiáng)了，也刺激著對(duì)私家車的需求。People’spurchasingpowerhasgoneup,stimulatingthedemandforprivatecars.6.當(dāng)?shù)赜袛?shù)十家發(fā)電廠在運(yùn)行，向半個(gè)國(guó)家的人口提供了電力。Therearetensofelectricityplantsinoperationlocally,providingpowerto/poweringhalfthenation’spopulation.7.近年二氧化碳的排放激增，嚴(yán)重威脅了人類特別是沿海地區(qū)居民的生存。Emissionofcarbondioxidesurgesinrecentyears,threateningthesurvivalofhumanbeings,especiallythoselivingnearthesea/inthecoastalareas.從句主語(yǔ)從句用做主語(yǔ)的從句是主語(yǔ)從句（subjectclause）。引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有從屬連詞whether，疑問(wèn)代詞what/whose/that/which，疑問(wèn)副詞why/when/where/how等。Whatshedidisnotyetknown.Whoevercomesise.Whereveryouareismyhome–myonlyhome.主語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)形式主語(yǔ)it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。Itisnotknownyetwhethertheywillcometoday.It’ssaidthathe’sgotmarried.Isitprobablethatitisgoingtoraintoday?Howstrangethatitisthatthechildrenaresoquiet!這些人所忽視的是國(guó)際旅游可能會(huì)給當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境和歷史造成的災(zāi)難性的影響。Whatthesepeoplefailtoseeisthatinternationaltourismmaybringaboutdisastrousimpactonourenvironmentandlocalhistory.學(xué)生們所缺少的不是思考的能力，而是運(yùn)用所學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)。Whatstudentsreallylackisnottheabilitytothink,buttheopportunitytoutilizewhattheyhavelearnedinpractice.飛機(jī)何時(shí)起飛還沒(méi)有公布。(takeoff)Whentheplaneisgoingtotakeoffhasnotbeenannouncedyet.他們?yōu)榱苏瘸鞘袪奚俗约?，人們永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)忘記。（salvage）Thattheysacrificedthemselvesforsalvagingthecitywouldneverbeforgotten.5.這件事是怎么發(fā)生的，誰(shuí)也不清楚。（clearto）Howthishappenedisnotcleartoanyone.賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(及物動(dòng)詞)或介詞之后。作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)(1)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句(that通?？梢允÷?：Iheardthathejoinedthearmy.(2)由what,whether(if)引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句：Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.(3)動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)從句：Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.賓語(yǔ)從句作介詞的賓語(yǔ)：Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.

作形容詞的賓語(yǔ)：Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.Anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content.最近的調(diào)查顯示相當(dāng)多的孩子對(duì)家庭作業(yè)沒(méi)什么好感。Thelatestsurveysshowthatquiteafewchildrenhaveunpleasantassociationswithhomework.說(shuō)到教育，大部分人認(rèn)為其是終生的事情。Whenitcomestoeducation,themajorityofpeoplebelievethateducationisalifetimestudy.他對(duì)那天發(fā)生的事感到很不快。（bedispleasedby）Heisratherdispleasedbywhathappenedthatday.你的成功取決于你做什么和怎么做。（dependon）Yoursuccessdependsonwhatyouwilldoandhowyouwilldoit.表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作表語(yǔ)的名詞性從句，放在系動(dòng)詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語(yǔ)＋連系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)從句”。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的that?？墒÷??？梢越颖碚Z(yǔ)從句的連系動(dòng)詞有be,remain,seem,turn,appear等Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.Thisiswhywecan’tgetthesupportofthepeople.Butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses.Thereasonheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus.因?yàn)樯虾５亩毂缺本├?。ItisbecausethewinterofShanghaiiscolderthanthatofBeijing.原因是老師可以教我們學(xué)習(xí)的方法。Thereasonisteacherscanhelpuswithourlearningmethod.似乎越來(lái)越多的人在逃離北京上海這些大城市。(flee)ItappearsthatmoreandmorepeoplearefleeingbigcitieslikeBeijingandShanghai.原來(lái)是政府的政策阻礙了制造業(yè)的發(fā)展。(turn,obstruct)Itturnsoutthatthegovernment’spolicyhasobstructedthedevelopmentofmanufacturingindustry.同位語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位解釋成分的名詞性從句。同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)于名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，說(shuō)明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由that引導(dǎo)。Theking’sdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.1.這個(gè)國(guó)家還有20%的人口不識(shí)字的事實(shí)震驚了我。Thefactthatthereare20%ofthepopulationremainingilliterateastonishesme.2.他冒了所有投資可能無(wú)法收回的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。Hetooktheriskthatallofhisinvestmentmightnotcomeback.Targaryen是否因?yàn)橥庾迦肭侄鴾缃^這個(gè)問(wèn)題直至今日懸而未決。ThemysterywhetherTargaryenbecameextinctduetoforeigninvasionpendsuntiltoday.強(qiáng)調(diào)句It引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對(duì)句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無(wú)論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that；被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí)也可用who/whom。格式：Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(who)…ItismoneythatIlove.Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn'tcometoschoolyesterday.Itwasat7o'clockthathecamehereyesterday.練習(xí)是蒸汽機(jī)的發(fā)明真正為工業(yè)革命的出現(xiàn)做了貢獻(xiàn)。ItwastheinventionofsteamenginethattrulycontributedtotheadventofIndustrialRevolution.是解放給他的生命帶來(lái)了徹底的改變。Itwastheliberationthatbroughtaboutacompletechangeinhislife.動(dòng)手的能力才是學(xué)校真正應(yīng)該培養(yǎng)的。Itisthepracticalabilitiesthatschoolsshouldtrulycultivateinstudents.倒裝句全部倒裝部分倒裝全部倒裝是指將句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞全部置于主語(yǔ)之前。例如由here,