2024年1月首考英語試題

試題第1頁PAGE2024年1月普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英語第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題紙上。第一節(jié)（共5小題：每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshin?A.￡19.15. B.￡9.18. C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatdoesthemando?A.Acomputertechnician. B.Ahotelreceptionist. C.Ashopassistant.2.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atthegrocer’s. B.Atthetailor’s. C.Atthecleaner’s.3.HowdidthespeakercometoSeattle?A.Byplane. B.Bycar. C.Bytrain.4.Whatwillthespeakershavefordinnertoday?A.Friedrice. B.Noodles. C.Steak.5.HowisSophiefeelingnow?A.Confused. B.Worried. C.Disappointed.第二節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或讀白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatdoesthemanwanttodobeforenoon?A.Postaletter. B.Makeacard. C.Writeanemail.7.Whosebirthdayisit?A.Richard’s. B.Sarah’s. C.Vera’s.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.WhatcoursedoesProfessorBrooksteach?A.PublicSpeaking. B.EuropeanHistory. C.EnglishLiterature.9.WhydoesVickycometotalkwithProfessorBrooks?A.Tosignupforhiscourse.B.Toaskforamake-uptest.C.Todiscussherhomework.聽第8段材料，回答第10至13題。10.WhatdoesLindadoforplaysandshows?A.Shegivesactorsadvice.B.Sheassignsrolestoactors.C.Shedesignsactors’clothes.11.WhatdoesLindaneedtoresearch?A.Thesettingofthestory. B.Thedecorationofthestage. C.Thenamesofthecharacters.12.WhodoesLindareportherworkto?A.Thedirector. B.Theeditor. C.Thephotographer.13.WhatdoesLindasayaboutherjob?A.Itpaysverywell. B.Itrequiresteameffort. C.Itinvolvesfrequenttravel.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.WhatdoesKevinthinkofabstractart?A.Ithaslastingartisticvalue.B.Itmakeslittlesensetohim.C.Itappealsmainlytochildren.15.Whatimpressiondidthefirstpaintinggivethewoman?A.Hopefulness. B.Nervousness C.Coldness.16.Whatcolorwasusedforthebackgroundinthesecondpainting?A.Green B.Purple. C.Red.17.WhatwillKevinprobablydothisSaturday?A.Attendanartclass. B.Visitanexhibition. C.Buyanabstractpainting.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.WhatcausedtheclosureofPittwaterRoad?A.Afallentree. B.Afloodedriver. C.Acaraccident.19.WhathappenedatTownHallStation?A.Apoliceofficergothurt.B.Apassengerwentmissing.C.Thestationroofwasbroken.20.Whatareroadusersadvisedtodo?A.Driveatlowspeed. B.Postponetheirtrips. C.Followtrafficsigns.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分） 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ATomSawyerPlayIsanAdventureA35-minutehand-clapping,foot-stompingmusicalversionofaMarkTwainfavoritereturnswiththisTallStacksfestival.“TomSawyer:ARiverAdventure”hasallthegoodstuff,includingthefencepainting,thegraveyard,theislandandthecave.ItisadaptedbyJoeMcDonough,withmusicbyDavidKisor.That’sthelocalstagewritingteamthatcreatesmanyoftheChildren’sTheatreofCincinnati’soriginalmusicals,alongwiththeholidayfamilymusicalsatEnsembleTheatre.ThisyearNathanTurnerofBurlingtonisTomSawyer,andRobbieMcMathofFortMitchellisHuckFinn.Turner,a10th-graderatSchoolforCreativeandPerformingArts,isafamiliarpresenceonCincinnati’sstages.HeisastaractorofChildren’sTheatre,havingplayedleadingrolesin“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”and“TheWizardofOz.”andisfreshfromJerseyProduction“Ragtime.”McMathisajunioratBeechwoodHighSchool.Hewasinthecastof“TomSawyer”whenitwasfirstperformedandisaChildren’sTheatreregular,withfiveshowstohiscredit.ThissummerheattendedKentucky’sGovernor’sSchoolfortheArtsinMusicalTheatre.Notetoteachers:Children’sTheatrehasastudyguidedemonstratinghowmathandsciencecanbetaughtthrough“TomSawyer.”Fordownloadablelessons,visittheofficialwebsiteofChildren’sTheatre.21.Whowrotethemusicfor“TomSawyer:ARiverAdventure”?A.DavidKisor. B.JoeMcDonough.C.NathanTurner. D.RobbieMcMath.22.Whatcanwelearnaboutthetwoactors?A.Theystudyinthesameschool. B.Theyworkedtogetherin“Ragtime”.C.Theyareexperiencedonstage. D.Theybecamefriendstenyearsago.23.WhatdoesChildren’sTheatreprovideforteachers?A.Researchfunding. B.Trainingopportunities.C.Technicalsupport. D.Educationalresources.BWhenwasthelasttimeyouusedatelephonebox?Imeantomakeanactualphonecall—nottoshelterfromtherain.Agesago,right?ThelasttimeIusedaphoneboxforitsintendedpurposewas...2006.Iwasconductingauditions(試演)formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon.Hopingtoimpresssometalentedactorstocomeandworkformefornothing,Ispreadsomethrowsoverthesofasandlitcandlestomakeitseemabitmore“youngprofessional”.AsIrushedoutdoorstoemptythewastepaperbaskets,thedoorswungshutbehindme.SuddenlyIwaslockedoutside.Mymobilephonewasinside,butluckilytherewasatelephoneboxacrossthestreet.So,IcalledDirectoryAssistance,gotputthroughtoourlandlady’smanagingagent,andhadasparekeysenttomewithjustenoughtimetogetbadinbeforetheactorsarrived.AsithasbeenmanyyearssinceIlastusedone,Ishouldhardlybesurprisedthattherearenolongeranypublictelephonesnearmyhouse.Thelastonestandinghasjustbeenturnedintoa“minicommunitylibrary”:anypasser-bycan“borrow”abookfromitsshelves,andreturnitlater,orreplaceitwithanothertitlefromtheirowncollection.Forafewmonthsafterthe“l(fā)ibrary”opened,Ididn’tbothertakingalook,asIhadassumedthatitwouldbestuffedfullofcheesylovestories.ThenInoticedfolkconductingspringcleansdroppingboxesofvoluminousbooksonvarioussubjectsthere.Andthesebookswerefree.Thisunbeatableprice-pointencouragedmetoexperimentwithdozensoftitlesthatIwouldnevernormallyconsiderbuying.AndI’vediscoveredsomegreatbooks!IfIevergettrappedoutsidemyhouseagain,mylocaltelephoneboxwill,sadly,nolongerbeabletoconnectmewithmykeys.ButitcancertainlykeepmeentertainedwhileIwaitformywifetorescueme.24.Whatdoestheword“it”underlinedinthefirstparagraphreferto?A.Theplay. B.Thesharedhouse.C.Thesofa. D.Thetelephonebox.25.Whydidtheauthorusethetelephoneboxin2006?A.Toplaceanurgentcall. B.Toputupanotice.C.Toshelterfromtherain. D.Toholdanaudition.26.Whatdoweknowaboutthe“minicommunitylibrary”?A.Itprovidesphoneserviceforfree. B.Anyonecancontributetoitscollection.C.Itispopularamongyoungreaders. D.Booksmustbereturnedwithinamonth.27.Whydidtheauthorstarttousethe“l(fā)ibrary”?A.Hewantedtoborrowsomelovestories.B.Hewasencouragedbyacloseneighbour.C.Hefoundtherewereexcellentfreebooks.D.Hethoughtitwasanidealplaceforreading.COnSeptember7,1991,thecostliesthailstorm(雹暴)inCanadianhistoryhitCalgary’southernsuburbs.Asaresult,since1996agroupofinsurancecompanieshavespentabout$2millionperyearontheAlbertaHailSuppressionProject.Airplanesseedthreateningstormcellswithachemicaltomakesmallicecrystalsfallasrainbeforetheycangrowintodangeroushailstones.Butfarmersineast-centralAlberta—downwindofthehailprojectflights—worrythatpreciousmoisture(水分)isbeingstolenfromtheirthirstylandbythecloudseeding.NormanStienwand,whofarmsinthatarea,hasbeenaddressingpublicmeetingsonthisissueforyears.“Basically,theprovincialgovernmentisJettingtheinsurance,companiesprotecttheCalgary-Edmontonurbanareafromhail,”Mr.Stienwandsays,“butthey’reincreasingdroughtriskasfareastasSaskatchewan.”TheAlbertahailprojectismanagedbyTerryKrauss,acloudphysicistwhoworksforWeatherModificationInc.ofFargo,NorthDakota.“Weaffectonlyaverysmallpercentageofthetotalmoistureintheair,sowecannotbecausingdrought.”Dr.Krausssays.“Infact,wemaybehelpingincreasethemoisturedownwindbycreatingwetterground.”O(jiān)nedoubteraboutthesafetyofcloudseedingisChuckDoswell,aresearchscientistwhojustretiredfromtheUniversityofOklahoma.“In1999,Ipersonallysawsignificanttornadoes(龍卷風)formfromaseededstormcellinKansas,”Dr.Doswellsays.“Doescloudseedingcreatekillerstormsorreducemoisturedownwind?Noonereallyknows,ofcourse,buttheseedinggoeson.”Giventhedegreeofdoubt,Mr.Stienwandsuggests,“itwouldbewisetostopcloudseeding.”Inpractice,doubthashadtheoppositeeffect.Duetothelackofscientificproofconcerningtheirimpacts,noonehassucceededinwinningalawsuitagainstcloud-seedingcompanies,Hence,privateclimateengineeringcanproceedinrelativelegalsafety.28.Whatdoestheprojectaimtodo?A.Conservemoistureinthesoil. B.Preventtheformationofhailstones.C.Forecastdisastroushailstorms. D.Investigatechemicaluseinfarming.29.Whoareopposedtotheproject?A.Farmersineast-centralAlberta. B.Managersofinsurancecompanies.C.Provincialgovernmentofficials. D.ResidentsofCalgaryandEdmonton,30.WhydoesDr.Doswellmentionthetornadoeshesawin1999?A.Tocomparedifferentkindsofseedingmethods.B.Toillustratethedevelopmentofbighailstorms.C.Toindicateapossibledangerofcloudseeding.D.Toshowthelinkbetweenstormsandmoisture.31.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.ScientificstudieshaveprovedStienwandright.B.PrivateclimateengineeringisillegalinCanada.C.Thedoubtaboutcloudseedinghasdisappeared.D.Cloud-seedingcompanieswillcontinuetoexist.DTheStanfordmarshmallow(棉花糖)testwasoriginallyconductedbypsychologistWalterMischelinthelate1960s.Childrenagedfourtosixatanurseryschoolwereplacedinaroom.Asinglesugarytreat,selectedbythechild,wasplacedonatable.Eachchildwastoldiftheywaitedfor15minutesbeforeeatingthetreat,theywouldbegivenasecondtreat.Thentheywereleftaloneintheroom.Follow-upstudieswiththechildrenlaterinlifeshowedaconnectionbetweenanabilitytowaitlongenoughtoobtainasecondtreatandvariousformsofsuccess.Asadultswefaceaversionofthemarshmallowtesteveryday.We’renottempted(誘惑)bysugarytreats,butbyourcomputers,phones,andtablets-allthedevicesthatconnectustotheglobaldeliverysystemforvarioustypesofinformationthatdotouswhatmarshmallowsdotopreschoolers.Wearetemptedbysugarytreatsbecauseourancestorslivedinacalorie-poorworld,andourbrainsdevelopedaresponsemechanismtothesetreatsthatreflectedtheirvalue-afeelingofrewardandsatisfaction.Butaswe’vereshapedtheworldaroundus,dramaticallyreducingthecostandeffortinvolvedinobtainingcalories,westillhavethesamebrainswehadthousandsofyearsago,andthismismatchisattheheartofwhysomanyofusstruggletoresisttemptingfoodsthatweknowweshouldn’teat.Asimilarprocessisatworkinourresponsetoinformation.Ourformativeenvironmentasaspecieswasinformation-poor,soourbrainsdevelopedamechanismthatprizednewinformation.Butglobalconnectivityhasgreatlychangedourinformationenvironment.Wearenowceaselesslybombarded(轟炸)withnewinformation.Therefore,justasweneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourcaloricconsumption,wealsoneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourinformationconsumption,resistingthetemptationofthemental“junkfood”inordertomanageourtimemosteffectively.32.WhatdidthechildrenneedtodotogetasecondtreatinMischel’stest?A.Takeanexaminationalone. B.Showrespectfortheresearchers.C.Sharetheirtreatswithothers. D.Delayeatingforfifteenminutes.33.Accordingtoparagraph3,thereisamismatchbetween_______.A.thecalorie-poorworldandourgoodappetitesB.theshortageofsugarandournutritionalneedsC.therichfoodsupplyandourunchangedbrainsD.thetemptingfoodsandoureffortstokeepfit34.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdo?A.Absorbnewinformationreadily. B.Beselectiveinformationconsumers.C.Usediverseinformationsources. D.Protecttheinformationenvironment.35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.EatLess,ReadMore B.TheBiterTruthaboutEarlyHumansC.TheLater,theBetter D.TheMarshmallowTestforGrownups第二節(jié)（共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。 Inthepastfewyears,onlinelearninghasbecomeasignificantpartoftheuniversityandcollegeexperience.____36____Butareallonlinecoursescreatedequal?Howcanyoubesurethatdigitallearningisrightforyou?____37____Weinterviewedstudentsandprofessorstogettheiradviceaboutonlinecourses.Themostobviousadvantagesofonlinelearningisthatyoucanstudyanywhereandanytime.____38____“Ithinkapointthatmanypeoplelosesightofishoweasyitcanbetofallbehindschedule,”saysgraduatestudentAmandaBindman.Beforechoosingtostudyonline,considerwhetheryou’reaself-motivatedlearnerandifthematerialseemsinterestingenoughtokeepyougoing.Thetipthatcomesupmostoftenissimple:buildonlinecoursesintoyourweeklyschedule,justlikewhatyouwoulddowithin-personcourses.____39____Henotedthathisonlinestudentsusuallyendupwithlowergrades.Itissoeasytoletanonlinecourseslide,butyourgradeswillsufferasaresult.Besuretoschedulesettimestowatchyourlectures,readmaterialsandcontributetoonlinediscussionboards.____40____Asocialconnectionisoftenabigpartoflearning.Therearethingsyoucandotoeasethisproblem.JessicaPink,anundergraduatestudent,suggeststakingonlinecourseswithafriend,soyoucanmotivateeachothertostayontrack.Youcanalsofindstudentsontheclassdiscussionboardtoorganizeastudygroup,orschedulein-personmeetingswithyourprofessortodiscusscourseconcepts.A.Butthatdoesn’tmeantherearen’tdeadlines.B.Yourmotivationshouldbeyourmainconcern.C.Doyouknowthatonlinecoursesarealsopartofyoureducation?D.ProfessorAlexDavidsonteachesthesamecourseinpersonandonline.E.Thechiefcomplaintaboutonlinecoursesisthattheylackhumaninteraction.F.Ifyoutakeanonlinecourse,whatcanyoudotoensurethebestpossiblegrade?G.Asurveyfoundthat29percentofcollegestudentsregisteredforonlinecourses.非選擇題部分第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Whiletakinga20-hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinthenorthwesternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful___41___withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor.AyoungChineseman___42___meonthetrain.My___43___friendspokevirtuallynoEnglish,soIhappilytookthe___44___topracticemyChinese.Overseveralhourshewouldtellmeabouthowhehad___45___atwo-yearprofessionalschooltoquicklyfindajob___46___highwaysinordertohelpsupporthisfamily.Perhapsmost___47___,however,wasthefactthatthismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.Withoutbattinganeyehewould___48___atranslatedEmersonpassagebeforeaskingabouttheliteraryinfluenceofAmerican___49___asawhole.“AndwhatdoyoualllearnaboutRussianauthors?”I___50___himaskingatonepoint.Itwouldhavebeeneasyto___51___myassumptionsaboutthishighwaybuilderwhohadneverbeenmorethanafewhundredmilesfromhome.Butthishighlyinformed,___52___,andadmirablepersonpreventedmedoingso.Inthecourseofacoupleofhours,he___53___mejusthowmuchonecangainfrom___54___withanopenmind,andawillingnessto___55___withlocalsfromallwalksoflife.41.A.experiment B.encounter C.competition D.appointment42.A.treated B.saved C.lectured D.approached43.A.true B.so-called C.new D.long-lost44.A.chance B.advice C.trouble D.right45.A.visited B.financed C.attended D.founded46.A.building B.sweeping C.checking D.guarding47.A.typical B.obvious C.natural D.remarkable48.A.publish B.quote С.copy D.download49.A.writers B.historians C.workers D.students50.A.anticipate B.imagine C.recall D.catch51.A.lookinto B.relyon C.goover D.dealwith52.A.well-behaved B.multi-skilled C.warm-hearted D.self-educated53.A.asked B.warned C.showed D.promised54.A.traveling B.reading C.searching D.teaching55.A.cooperate B.side C.negotiate D.engage第二節(jié)（共10小題：每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Theshelvesinmostsupermarketsarefulloffamily-sizethisandmulti-buythat.However,ifyou’reshoppingforone,buyingextra___56___(benefit)frompricereductionsdoesn’tmakesense.Eitheryourshoppingisthentooheavytocarryhome___57___youcan’tusewhatyou’veboughtwhileit’sstillfresh.Ofcourse,shopsarenotcharities—theypricegoodsintheway___58___willmakethemthemostmoney.Ifmostoftheircustomersarehappytobuylargerquantities,that’s___59___they’llpromote.Butthatleavesthesolo(單獨)customersoutofpocketanddisappointed.Manysupermarketsarenolongerdoing“buyonegetonefree”promotionsbecauseofthe____60___(criticize)thattheyleadtowaste.Consumersprefermoneyoffindividualitems.However,thoughit’snicetogetafewcentsoffapackofsausages,itwouldhelpevenmoreiftheycouldsometimes___61___(offer)insmallerpacks.Eventhebiggestsausagefandoesn’twanttoeatthemeveryday.Ifyoursupermarketsellslooseproduce,thenbuyingsmallerquantitiesiseasier.Overthelasttwoyears,somesupermarkets___62___(start)sellingchickenorsaladinpacks___63___(design)withtwohalvescontainingseparateportions(份).Then,whenyouuseonesection,___64___otherstaysfresh.Whoknows,perhapssomeofthemoreforward-looking___65___(one)mayyetcomeoutwithawholerangeof“justforyou”packsizeswithspecialoffersaswell.第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分） 第一節(jié)滿分（15分）請你寫一篇短文向校英文報“SportsandHealth”欄目投稿，向同學們推薦一項適合課間開展的運動，內(nèi)容包括：1.介紹這項運動；2.說明推薦理由。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應為80個左右；2.請按如下格式在答題紙的相應位置作答。StandUpandExercise,Everybody!第二節(jié)： 閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。Evaspentthefirstweekofhighschooltryingtokeepherheadabovewater.Oneofthemajorheadachesforherwasfindingher