PASSBEC新編劍橋商務(wù)英語口試必備手冊(中高級)

.專業(yè).專注..word可編輯..專業(yè).專注..word可編輯.目錄第一單元公司運作與管理HYPERLINKTeamwork團(tuán)隊合作1HYPERLINKReducingProductionCost降低生產(chǎn)成本12HYPERLINKInternalCommunications內(nèi)部溝通8HYPERLINKReducingOverheads減少管理費用18HYPERLINKHowtoDealwithaHeavyWorkload如何應(yīng)對繁重的工作23HYPERLINKWorkEnvironment工作環(huán)境27HYPERLINKLogistics物流 32HYPERLINKBusinessEthics商業(yè)道德第二單元人力資源管理 37HYPERLINKRecruiting&Selecting人員招聘 42HYPERLINKEmployeeTraining員工培訓(xùn) 48HYPERLINKCareerDevelopment職業(yè)發(fā)展 53HYPERLINKPromotion晉升 59HYPERLINKStaffpromotion激勵員工 65HYPERLINKStaffturnover員工流失71HYPERLINKAppraisingandImprovingPerformance績效考核與改進(jìn)績效76HYPERLINKPayandbenefits薪酬與福利80HYPERLINKLaborrelations勞動關(guān)系85HYPERLINKWorkplacesafetyandhealth工作安全與職業(yè)保健90HYPERLINKTimemanagement時間管理95HYPERLINKManagingstress緩解壓力第三單元市場營銷101HYPERLINKProductdevelopment產(chǎn)品開發(fā)106HYPERLINKSettingprice產(chǎn)品定價110HYPERLINKProductpromotion產(chǎn)品推廣114HYPERLINKAdvertising廣告118HYPERLINKPackaging包裝122HYPERLINKBranding品牌126HYPERLINKCustomersatisfaction顧客滿意度130HYPERLINKKeepingCustomers留住顧客134HYPERLINKMarketingchannels營銷渠道第四單元商務(wù)旅行138HYPERLINKTravelandtransport出行與交通工具142HYPERLINKTravelandaccommodation差旅與住宿148HYPERLINKDomestictravel國內(nèi)差旅154HYPERLINKTravellingabroad國際差旅第五單元企業(yè)公關(guān)160HYPERLINKCorporateculture企業(yè)文化166HYPERLINKCompanyimage公司形象172HYPERLINKCorporategifting公司送禮178HYPERLINKCorporatesponsorship企業(yè)贊助183HYPERLINKDresscode著裝要求189HYPERLINKEntertainingbusinessclients招待客戶第六單元公司發(fā)展195HYPERLINKSitelocationandrelocation公司選址和遷址200HYPERLINKGoingglobal全球營銷205HYPERLINKFranchise特許經(jīng)營209HYPERLINKMeetingcompetition應(yīng)對競爭第七單元商務(wù)電子化與新型工作方式213HYPERLINKOfficeautomation辦公自動化217HYPERLINKSettingupcompanywebsite建立公司網(wǎng)站224HYPERLINKInternetmarketing互聯(lián)網(wǎng)促銷230HYPERLINKFlexiblepatternsofwork彈性工作方式第八單元商務(wù)會議235HYPERLINKStagingameeting/conference舉辦會議241HYPERLINKAttendingameeting/conference參加會議247HYPERLINKGivingapresentation大會發(fā)言251HYPERLINKTradefairandexhibitions會展257HYPERLINKPRACTICETESTONE練習(xí)1263HYPERLINKPRACTICETESTTWO練習(xí)2271HYPERLINKPRACTICETESTTWO練習(xí)3278UNITONECompanyOperationandManagement第一單元公司運作與管理Teamwork團(tuán)隊合作Teamwork團(tuán)隊合作，團(tuán)隊精神Team-based以團(tuán)隊為基礎(chǔ)的Horizontalorganizationstructure橫向企業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)Corporategoals企業(yè)目標(biāo)Charter規(guī)章，章程Beaccountablefor對…負(fù)有責(zé)任Creativeinnovation創(chuàng)新改革，創(chuàng)新發(fā)明創(chuàng)新精神Rewardsystem獎勵制度Payback回報，報償Individuality個性Independentthinking獨立的思想Groupdecision-making集體決策M(jìn)anagerialskill管理技能Coordinate使協(xié)調(diào)，調(diào)整Interpersonalrelationship人際關(guān)系Mutualtrust相互信任Bringoutthepotentials充分發(fā)揮潛能Closely-knit（關(guān)系）密切的Keeptrackof跟蹤，追蹤Time-consuming花費時間的Linemanager部門經(jīng)理，業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)理（與行政經(jīng)理相對）Pre-building團(tuán)隊建設(shè)Nurture培養(yǎng)，教育，發(fā)展Nurtureteamdynamics培養(yǎng)團(tuán)隊活力Promoteteamspirit提倡團(tuán)隊精神Driveteamsuccess驅(qū)使團(tuán)隊成功Minimize將…減少到最少，最小化Inhibit約束，抑止Livenup使…有生氣Trainingsession一場訓(xùn)練，培訓(xùn)課期Rafting漂流Rockclimbing攀巖Teammate隊友Impact影響，效果Complementary補(bǔ)充的，互補(bǔ)的Revitalize使新生，給予新的活力Trait（個人性格方面的）特征，顯著的特點Commitment敬業(yè)精神Interpersonalcommunicationskills人際交際技能，亦作interpersonalskillsAddress處理（事情）Creativeinnovation創(chuàng)新精神HowtoMakeTeamsEffective如何組建精銳的團(tuán)隊Peopleineveryworkplacetalkaboutbuildingtheteam,workingasateam,andmyteam,butfewunderstandhowtocreatetheexperienceofteamworkorhowtodevelopaneffectiveteam.在各種工作場合，人們都在談?wù)搱F(tuán)隊建設(shè)、團(tuán)隊合作、自己的團(tuán)隊，但是卻很少有人真正理解如何體驗團(tuán)隊合作以及如何組建一支精銳的團(tuán)隊。Belongingtoateam,inthebroadestsense,isaresultoffeelingpartofsomethinglargerthanyourself.屬于一個團(tuán)隊，就是體驗自己成為比自己更大的團(tuán)體的一部分。Ithasalottodowithyourunderstandingofthemissionorobjectivesofyourorganization.這在很大程度上與你對企業(yè)任務(wù)和目標(biāo)的理解有關(guān)。Inateam-orientedenvironment,youcontributetotheoverallsuccessoftheorganization.在以團(tuán)隊為導(dǎo)向的環(huán)境里，你要為企業(yè)的全面成功做出自己的貢獻(xiàn)。Youworkwithfellowmembersoftheorganizationtoproducetheseresults.你要和同事們通力合作以達(dá)到這些目標(biāo)。Eventhoughyouhaveaspecificjobfunctionandyoubelongtoaspecificdepartment,youareunifiedwithotherorganizationmemberstoaccomplishtheoverallobjectives.即使你屬于某個工作部門，有著具體工作職責(zé)，你仍然要與其他同事團(tuán)結(jié)一致去實現(xiàn)這些總體目標(biāo)。Thebiggerpicturedrivesyouractions;yourfunctionexiststoservethebiggerpicture.你的行動受到企業(yè)更大目標(biāo)的驅(qū)使，你的職責(zé)服務(wù)于企業(yè)更大的目標(biāo)。Therefore,executives,managers,andorganizationstaffmembersuniversallyexplorewaystoimprovebusinessresultsandprofitability.因而，行政主管、經(jīng)理以及組織的普通員工無不對提高企業(yè)績效和盈利能力的辦法進(jìn)行探討。Manyviewteam-based,horizontalorganizationstructuresasthebestdesignforinvolvingallemployeesincreatingbusinesssuccess.許多人認(rèn)為，讓全體員工參與、為企業(yè)成功共同努力的最好策略是采取以團(tuán)隊為基礎(chǔ)的橫向企業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)。SuccessfulteambuildingrequiresattentiontoeachofthefollowingTwelveCs.成功的團(tuán)隊建設(shè)要遵循以下12條建議：Clearexpectations:Doteammembersunderstandwhytheteamwascreated?明確目標(biāo)：團(tuán)隊成員是否明確團(tuán)隊組建的目的？Context:Canteammembersdefinetheirteam’simportancetotheaccomplishmentofcorporategoals?組建背景：團(tuán)隊成員是否明確團(tuán)隊對于實現(xiàn)企業(yè)目標(biāo)的重要性？Commitment:Doteammembersperceivetheirserviceasvaluabletotheorganizationandtotheirowncareers?敬業(yè)精神：團(tuán)隊成員是否認(rèn)識到團(tuán)隊對于企業(yè)以及對自身事業(yè)的成功都很重要？Competence:Doestheteamfeelthatitsmembershavetheknowledge,skill,andcapabilitytoaddresstheissuesforwhichtheteamwasformed?團(tuán)隊能力：團(tuán)隊是否感知其成員擁有應(yīng)對種種問題的知識、技能和實際能力？而團(tuán)隊組建的目的就是為了解決這些問題。Charter:Hastheteamtakenitsassignedareaofresponsibilityanddesigneditsownmission,vision,andstrategiestoaccomplishthemission?團(tuán)隊規(guī)章：團(tuán)隊是否明確自己的職責(zé)范圍并規(guī)劃出自己的目標(biāo)、遠(yuǎn)景和對策以完成使命？Control:Doteammembersholdeachotheraccountableforprojecttimelines,commitments,andresults?內(nèi)部控制：團(tuán)隊成員是否對項目時間安排、應(yīng)承擔(dān)的義務(wù)和結(jié)果等共同負(fù)有責(zé)任？Collaboration:Doteammemberscooperatetoaccomplishtheteamcharter?協(xié)作精神：團(tuán)隊成員是否能相互協(xié)作、遵循團(tuán)隊章程？Communication:Doteammemberscommunicateclearlyandhonestlywitheachother?內(nèi)部溝通：團(tuán)隊成員之間能否明確、誠實地進(jìn)行相互溝通？CreativeInnovation:Doestheteamvaluecreativethinking,uniquesolutions,andnewideas?創(chuàng)新改革：團(tuán)隊是否注重鼓勵創(chuàng)新思維、獨特的解決辦法和新的想法？Consequences:Istheorganizationdesigningrewardsystemsthatrecognizebothteamandindividualperformance?結(jié)果影響：團(tuán)隊是否制定獎勵制度來獎勵團(tuán)隊以及個人的工作表現(xiàn)？Coordination:Areteamscoordinatedbyacentralleadershipthatassiststhegroupstoobtainwhattheyneedforsuccess?協(xié)調(diào)配合:團(tuán)隊是否有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核心來協(xié)調(diào)工作、幫助各小組取得成功？CulturalChange:Doestheorganizationrecognizethatthemoreitcanchangeitsclimatetosupportteams,themoreitwillreceiveinpaybackfromtheworkoftheteams?改進(jìn)文化：企業(yè)是否認(rèn)識到越是通過改變企業(yè)氛圍來支持團(tuán)隊的工作，就越能夠從團(tuán)隊的工作中得到回報？Spendtimeandattentiononeachofthesetwelvetipstoensureyourworkteamscontributemosteffectivelytoyourbusinesssuccess.要認(rèn)真關(guān)注這12條建議，以保證你的團(tuán)隊能為企業(yè)的成功最有效地作出努力。PARTONE:InterviewDoyoulikeworkinginateamoronyourown?(why?)你喜歡在團(tuán)隊與個人合作還是獨自工作？Ilikeworkinginateam,astheproverbgoes:”Twoheadsarebetterthanone.”Inateam,Icanlearnfrommyfellowworkers,gethelpfromthemwhenI’munderpressure.Andthemostimportantthingis:Icanlearntocommunicatewithallsortsofpeople.Howimportantisthecentralleadershipofateam?團(tuán)隊的核心領(lǐng)導(dǎo)有多重要？It’sveryimportant.Youneedsomeonewithmanagerialskillstoleadwithintheteam:heisabletoseethebigpictureoftheworkgoingon,toengageothers,coordinateinterpersonalrelationshipandorganizeresourceseffectively.Doyouprefertoworkinsmallteamsorbigteams?(why)你喜歡在小型團(tuán)隊還是在大型團(tuán)隊中工作？Iprefertoworkinabigteam.Yousee,whenyouworkwithmorepeople,yougetachancetolistentodifferentpointsofview,tolearntoseethingsindifferentperspectives.It’salsomorechallengingasyouhavetocoordinatewithmorepeople,Isitnecessaryforateamtohaveregularmeetings?團(tuán)隊是否有必要定期開會？Yes,Ithinkit’sabsolutelynecessary.Regularmeetingscanenableteammemberstokeeptrackofworkprogressandit’sameansofconsideringinformationandmakingcollectivedecisions.PARTTWO:Mini-presentationWhat’simportantwhen…?Evaluatingthesuccessofteamwork衡量團(tuán)隊成功與否需要考慮哪些要點？Mutualtrust相互信任Fullco-operation通力合作Mutualtrustisthefirstsecretofsuccessfulteamwork.Whenmembersshareatrustingrelationship,theywillfeelfreetoexpresstheirviews,understandeachother’scapabilitiesandlimitations,andcommunicatewitheachothertimely.Thishelpstobringoutthepotentials,experienceandcreativityoftheindividualandcreategoodworkenvironment.Fullco-operationamongteammembershasadirectimpactonthesuccessorfailureoftheteam.Whenteammembersdevelopastrongawarenessofcooperation,theywouldmakecollectiveeffortstoachievethecommonobjectivesandensureahigherlevelofqualityandworkmanship.Ontopofthat,timelycommunicationanddecisionmakingwillalsohelptoimproveworkefficiency.PARTTHREE：DiscussionTeamworkYourcompanyisofferingabrieftrainingprogrammeonteambuildingforlinemanagers.Youhavebeenaskedtohelpplantheprogramme.Discussthesituationtogether,anddecide:whatissuesshouldtheprogrammefocusonwhatkindofactivitiesshouldbeincluded團(tuán)隊合作你們公司正在考慮為部門經(jīng)理提供關(guān)于團(tuán)隊建設(shè)的短期培訓(xùn)課程。請你們協(xié)助策劃這一課程。討論并決定：該培訓(xùn)課程應(yīng)集中在哪些問題上應(yīng)包含哪些活動A:Well,Ithinkit’sagoodideathatourcompanyisplanningtoofferatrainingprogrammeonteambuildingforalllinemanagers.B：Yes.Weneedtoworkoutthefocusofthisprogramme.A:Inmyopinion,weshould,firstofall,focusonissueslikehowtoformaneffectiveteamandhowtoimprovecommunicationwithintheteam.Thesearethemostimportantthingsweneedtoconsiderwhenholdingatrainingprogramme.B:Yes,Iquiteagreewithyou.Understandingtheseissuesisthepre-requisiteofsuccessfulteam-building.Besidesthat,howtonurtureteamdynamicsshouldbeanotherfocusofourtrainingprogramme,Imean,analyseandencouragethedynamicsthatdriveteamsuccessandminimizethefactorsthatinhibitthehealthyfunctioningoftheteam.A:Yes,onlywhenallteammembersaremotivated,andtheygivegoodperformanceinwork.B:Sowecanincludeinourprogramme,theactivitiesthathelptopromoteteamspirit,activitiesthathelpdevelopemployeemotivationandimprovecommunication.A:Well,wecanprovideteambuildinggames,andoutdooractivitiesthatlivenupthetrainingsessions.B:I’mquitewithyouhere.Wecanorganizeoutdooradventureslikerafting,sailingandrockclimbing.Theseeventsservetoincreasepersonalawarenessofabilitiesandcomplementaryskillsinyourteammates.A:it’saverygoodidea.Theseexcitingactivitiesnotonlyencourageteamparticipation,problemsovingandrevitalizemorale,theyalsoaddsomefunandvariationtoourprogramme.B:Andinfulfillingtheirpotentials,everyoneintheteamlearnstounderstandotherpeople’scapacitiesandlearnstoappreciatetheimpactoftheirtraitsonteamdynamics.A:Yes,mutualunderstandingandmutualtrustareindispensabletoeffectiveteambuilding.Follow-upquestions:Whatarethecharacteristicsofagoodteam?一個良好的團(tuán)隊有哪些特點？Characteristicslikemutualtrust,co-operation,commitment,opennessofexpressionamongteammembersareessentialtoagoodteam.Besides,ateamshouldalsobeclearaboutthecommongoalstheyaimtoattain.Whatmightbethedisadvantagesofworkinginateamenvironment?在團(tuán)隊中工作有哪些不利因素？Sometimes,teammembershiprequiresyoutogiveupsomeindividualityinorderfortheteamtofunctionasawhole.Sometimesyoufeelyourowncontributiontotheteamcannotbemeasured,soyouworklessthanyouwouldindividually.Wouldyouliketotakepartinaprogrammefordevelopingteamwork?(Why)你是否愿意參加團(tuán)隊發(fā)展的培訓(xùn)課程？Yes,ofcourse.Itoffersmeopportunitiestodevelopbetterinterpersonalcommunicationskills,andtheseareessentialinmybusinesscareer.Howmightacompanymeasurethesuccessofatrainingprogramme?公司應(yīng)該怎樣衡量培訓(xùn)課程的成敗？Toevaluatetheimpactofatrainingprogramme,wecanseeifthetraininghashelpedtoaddresstheissuesinthework,toseeifthere’sanyimprovementintheworkperformanceofthestaffandifitencouragescreativeinnovationandteamwork.Doyouthinkacompanywillalwaysbenefitfromstafftraining?(Why?/Whynot?)你是否認(rèn)為公司總是可以從員工培訓(xùn)中有所獲益？Ithinkacompanycanbenefitmuchfromstafftraining.Throughtraining,employeeswillhaveabetterunderstandingoftheirworkobjectives,havegreatercommitmentintheirwork,andacquirepracticalworkingskills.1.2InternalCommunications內(nèi)部溝通Becommittedto致力于Beengagedin投身于…，忙于Delivery傳輸，傳送Corporateinformation公司信息Vision設(shè)想，遠(yuǎn)見Openness坦誠，公開Integrity誠信，誠實Paramount極為重要的-wide（后綴，與名詞一起構(gòu)成形容詞或副詞）全…范圍的Opinionsurvey意見調(diào)查Putinplace實施，到位Audience-driven以受眾為導(dǎo)向的Communicationsapproach溝通方式Segmentation分割，切斷Customization根據(jù)對方需要制作，量身定做Integratedplatform集成的（信息）平臺Costefficiency成本效率Digitalmedia數(shù)碼媒介Intranet企業(yè)內(nèi)部互聯(lián)網(wǎng)Notice-board布告牌Resentment憤恨，不滿Open-minded胸襟開闊的Out-going爽直的，樂于助人的，外向的Mettle勇氣，精神Initiative主動性Managementmessage管理信息Performanceexcellence優(yōu)異表現(xiàn)Subordinate下級，下屬E-mailnewsletter電郵通訊，電子郵件通訊，亦作E-newsletter,E-news-letterTangibleperformancestandards具體的工作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Annualperformancereviews(對員工的)年度業(yè)績考核，年度績效評估Staffappraisal(對員工的)業(yè)績評估，業(yè)績考核Two-waycommunication雙向交流Voiceone’sopinionsabout就…發(fā)表自己的意見Column（報紙、雜志的）專欄Layout版面設(shè)計Cartoonpicture漫畫Companylogo公司標(biāo)識Asenseofbelonging歸屬感Workstation工作站，工作處Informationequality信息均等Haveaccessto有權(quán)使用…Channel渠道，通道Opinionpoll民意測驗Internalcommunications內(nèi)部溝通Nokiaiscommittedtoastronginternalcommunicationscultureandpractice.諾基亞公司致力于建立一種強(qiáng)有力的內(nèi)部溝通文化和實踐體系。Itsbroadrangeofcommunicationsactivities,channelsandmediastrivetohelpemployeesmanageandusecorporateinformationtheyreceiveintheirworkandorganizationalrelationshipsandindoingso,諾基亞公司通過各種廣泛的溝通活動以及豐富的溝通渠道和媒介，盡力幫助員工管理和運用他們在工作中以及在企業(yè)交往中獲得的公司信息。befullyengagedinthedeliveryofthecompany’sstrategyandtheNokiaWay.公司通過這種做法，切實傳播公司的運作策略以及“諾基亞之道”Nokiapromotesaculturewheregoodcommunicationspracticeisintegratedintoeverydayinteractionwithandbetweenemployeesandwheresharedvisionandgoals,sharedknowledge,openness,speedandintegrityareparamount.諾基亞公司倡導(dǎo)這樣一種公司文化：將良好的溝通習(xí)慣融入公司于員工以及員工與員工之間的日常交往之中。在這一公司文化中，共同的期望和目標(biāo)、共享的知識、坦誠、高效和誠信高于一切。Thecompanymeasuresitsperformanceininternalcommunicationsthroughthecompany-wideannualemployeeopinionsurveyaswellastargetedsurveysaroundspecificcommunicationsactivities.諾基亞公司通過在公司上下進(jìn)行一年一度的員工意見調(diào)查，以及針對具體溝通活動的目標(biāo)調(diào)查，衡量公司內(nèi)部溝通方面的績效。Nokiaisputtinginplaceanaudience-drivencommunicationsapproachtomeetthediverseneedsofitsemployeesforinformationandcommunication,withemphasisonsegmentation,customizationandchoiceofaccess.諾基亞公司正在實施以受眾為導(dǎo)向的溝通方式，以滿足員工對信息和交流的不同需要，著重強(qiáng)調(diào)溝通職能的切分、量體裁衣的溝通方式以及溝通途徑和選擇。Thisworkissupportedbythedevelopmentanduseofcommonandintegratedplatformsandprocesseswhichwillencouragecostefficiencyintheuseofinternalandexternalresourcesandadoptionovertimeofdigitalmedia.這項工作得以展開是通過開發(fā)和使用了普通以及集成的信息平臺和處理程序，在運用內(nèi)外資源的過程中激勵成本效率，并采用了數(shù)碼媒介等方式。Therearethreeprimarychannelsforcommunicatingwithemployee.NokiapeoplemagazineispublishedinthefourmostcommonlanguagesinNokia:English,Finnish,ChineseandGerman.NokiaNewsServiceoffersdailyonlinenewsfromaroundtheorganization,andtheIntranetcontainsavastamountofdetailedcompanyinformation.諾基亞公司和員工的溝通有三種不同的渠道?！吨Z基亞人》雜志采用四種語言出版：英語、芬蘭語、漢語和德語；諾基亞新聞服務(wù)網(wǎng)每天提供在線的公司新聞；還有企業(yè)內(nèi)部互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，提供大量詳細(xì)的公司信息。PARTONEInterviewWhatarethemethodsofcommunicationtostaffinmostcompanies?大多數(shù)公司采用什么方式和員工進(jìn)行溝通？Themostpopularcommunicationmethodsinclude:face-to-facecommunication,E-mails,telephone,notice-boards,etc.nowadays,theIntranetisaveryeffectivemethodofcommunication.Doyouthinkyouaregoodatcommunicatingwithyourboss?(Why?/Whynot?)你覺得自己善于和上司溝通嗎？Yes.IthinkI’mquitegoodatcommunicatingwithpeople.WheneverIhavesomenewideasorresentmentaboutmywork.I’lltalktomybossfacetoface.I’mveryfrankandopen-minded,readytoacceptdifferentopinions.Isitimportanttoletyourmanagerknowyourideasaboutwork?(Why)讓你的上司知道你對工作的看法是否重要？Ithinkit’sveryimportant.Yousee,Ioftenmakesuggestionstomybossaboutinternaldevelopment,anddiscussareasIwouldliketoimproveon.Inthisway,I’mcontributingtotheoverallimprovementofthecompany.Doyouthinkpeoplecanbetrainedtocommunicatemoreefficiently（Why）你認(rèn)為通過培訓(xùn)人們是否可以更有效地進(jìn)行溝通？Yes.Ithinkitwillbeveryhelpfulifemployeesgetchancestoattendtrainingcoursesoninterpersonalskills.Suchtrainingwillenablethemtocommunicatemoreeffectively.PartTwo:Mini-presentationWhat’simportantwhen…?Communciatingmanagementmessagestothestaff和員工溝通管理信息需要考慮哪些要點？Overallpurpose整體目標(biāo)Feedbackonperformance對工作表現(xiàn)的反饋Firstofall,Ithinkit’simportanttoclearlystateyouroverallpurposeandexpectations.Inthisway,employeeknowexactlywhattheyshoulddotomeetworkrequirementsandtoachieveperformanceexcellence.Inadditiontothis,providingfeedbackontheirperformanceisalsoimportant.Onthemanagerialpart,performancereviewshelpmanagerstokeeptrackofpossibleproblemsintheirownwork.Onthepartoftheemployees,theygetencouragedfortheirhardworkandaregivenchancestocorrectmistakesmadeonthejob.Besides,managersshouldbemoreopeninsharinginformationwiththeirsubordinates.Theyshouldletemployeesknowinadvanceanyproposedchangesbeforetheyactuallyoccur.Thiswillenhancemutualunderstandingandtrust.PARTTHREEDiscussionE-mailNewsletterYoucompanywouldliketointroduceanE-mailnewslettertosendtoallmembersregularly.Youhavebeenaskedtohelpco-ordinatetheproject.Discussthesituationtogether,anddecide:whatkindsofarticlesandinformationshouldbeincludedwhatthenewslettershouldlooklikeandhowoftenitshouldbesent電子郵件快訊你們公司意欲創(chuàng)建一份電子郵件快訊，定期發(fā)給全體員工。請你們共同協(xié)調(diào)這一計劃。討論并決定：電子郵件快訊中應(yīng)包含哪些文章和信息電子郵件快訊的版式、發(fā)送周期A：Yousee,ourcompanyisdesigninganE-mailnewsletterforallstaffmembers.Itcertainlyisaverygoodchannelforinternalcommunication.B:Yes.Whatinformationshouldbeincluded,inyouropinion?A:Itshouldcarryarticlesaboutthetangibleperformancestandardsforstafftofollow,andinformationaboutanychangesinthecompany,suchasnewpolicies,newprojectsandnewmanagers,etc.thiswillhelptoreducethechanceforconfusionandmisinterpretationofkeycorporatepolicesanddecisions.B:Yes,I’mquitewithyouhere.Informationofthiskindwillhelpstaffmembersbetteradjustthemselvestotheworkenvironmentandachievehigherlevelofperformance.A:Thereshouldalsobeinformationaboutthelatestachievementsofthecompanyaswell.B:Iagreewithyou.But…A:Andaboutannualperformancereviewsandstaffappraisals,justtorewardhardworkingpeopleandlookatproblemsinwork.Yousee…B:Well,youarequiteright.ButIthinkweshouldplaceemphasisontwo-waycommunication.Thenewslettershouldalsofocusontheemployeeside.Weshouldallowouremployeestovoicetheiropinionsaboutday-to-dayworkandcorporatedevelopment.Theyshouldalsohaveachancetocommentontheperformanceofthemanagersandpointoutproblemsintheirwork.A:That’sagoodidea.Solet’sputinthiscolumn”VoicefromtheStaff”.B:Besidesthecontents,thelayoutisalsoimportant.Wecanusesomephotos,peopleusuallyliketoseepicturesofthemselvesandpeopletheyknow.Soitwillbeabletoattractmorereaders.Wecanalsousecartoonpicturestohelpillustrateourideas.A:Good.Anddon’tforgetourcompanylogo,itwillhelptopromoteasenseofbelongingandloyalty.Andlet’salsoinsertsomehumour,tomakeitmorereadable.B:Finally,Ithinkitshouldbesenttoouremployeeseveryotherweek.A:Well,er…yousee,thisisacompetitiveage,newsandinformationkeepchanging.Whynotmakeitonceineverytendays,threedifferentissueseverymonth.B:Alright.Andlet’smakeitshort,sopeopledon’thavetospendtoomuchtimereadingeachissue.A:Iagree.Follow-upquestionsDoyouthinkit’simportantthatmanagerslistentocomplaintsfromemployees?(why/whynot?)你認(rèn)為經(jīng)理聽取員工的申訴是否很重要？Yes.Complaintsfromemployeesusuallyreflecttheproblemswithinthefirm,someevenshowproblemsofthemanagement.Listeningtothecomplaintshelpsmanagerstofindproblemsandwaystoresolvethem.Doyoucommunicatewithyourcolleagueoftenandhow?你是否經(jīng)常和同事溝通？是怎樣溝通的？Yes.Ioftencommunicatewithmycolleagues,wesharecorporateinformationtogether,exchangenewsandviews.Inmostcases,wechatwitheachother,sometimesweE-mailtoeachother.Whataretheadvantagesofmanagementcommunications?管理溝通有哪些優(yōu)勢？Managementcommunicationscanenhancemutualtrust,promoteemployeecommitment,boostmorale.Ontopofthat,ithelpstoimproveproductivity.Isitnecessaryforthemanagertohavepersonalcontactswithhisemployees?經(jīng)理是否有必要親自去同雇員溝通？（為什么）Yes.Itisbetterforthemanagergotoanemployee’sworkstationratherthanmakephonecalls.Face-to-facediscussionshowsyoursincerityandwhat’smore,it’smoreopenanddirect.Howimportantisittodeveloptheintranetofthecompany?開發(fā)公司內(nèi)部互聯(lián)網(wǎng)有任何重要意義?Inthisinformationage,companyintranettendstobeaveryeffectivechannelofcommunication.It’sspeedyinrelayingthecorporatenews,managementmessages,internalchanges,etc.anditpromotesinformationequality,aseveryonehasaccesstoit.1.3ReducingProductionCost降低生產(chǎn)成本Resultin導(dǎo)致，造成Cutcorners抄近路，走捷徑，偷工減料Greenerpastures更綠的牧場（比喻更好的謀生去處，更好的工作、職位）Deadwood枯枝，朽木；無用的人Nuisance討厭的人或事，麻煩事Ex-customer過去的顧客，以前的顧客Intheshortrun在短期內(nèi)Gothroughtheroof大大增加，上漲到處乎意料的程度TQM(totalqualitymanagement)全面質(zhì)量管理Undertheumbrellaof在…的保護(hù)下Costaccountant成本會計師Costcontrol成本控制Prognosis預(yù)告預(yù)言Customerservice客戶服務(wù)中心，客戶服務(wù)Customersatisfaction客戶滿意度Costeffective(有)成本效益的Competitiveedge競爭優(yōu)勢，競爭力Cost-efficient成本效益高的Costmanagement成本管理Cutdown削減，減少Rawmaterial原料Toalargeextent在很大程度上Cost-conscious注重節(jié)約成本的Productionline生產(chǎn)線，流水線Ergonomics功效學(xué)Specialist專家User-friendly方便用戶的Shiftwork倒班制，輪班工作（一半指三班倒，即dayshift,eveningshift,以及nightshift）Permanentschedule固定班（亦稱fixedschedule）Rotatingschedule輪班制Outofstepwith與…步調(diào)不一致Adjustto對…適應(yīng)Fightoff竭力避免Bodyrhythm生理節(jié)奏Stressful（心理、生理或情緒上的）緊張、壓力Outofstepwith與…不協(xié)調(diào)，失調(diào)Consultancyservice咨詢服務(wù)Nightshiftblues夜班憂郁癥Allthis所有這一切Healthcounselingfacilities健康咨詢設(shè)施Healthfacilities健身設(shè)備Roundtheclock24小時Translateto轉(zhuǎn)化為Hazard危害，公害Adequatelighting充分的照明，足夠的照明Properheat適當(dāng)?shù)氖覝豏educingBusinessCosts降低經(jīng)營成本Costreductionisanimportantfactorinimprovingthestateofabusiness.降低成本是改進(jìn)企業(yè)狀況的一個重要因素。Itcanobviouslyresultinhigherprofitsandastrongerenterprise.它可以明顯地提高利潤，壯大企業(yè)。Mostbusinessleadersandmanagerswouldliketoreducecosts,butmanyfinditdifficulttodotherightthings.大多數(shù)企業(yè)主管和經(jīng)理都想降低成本，但大多感到難以找到正確的途徑。Thereareseveralmethodsbusinessleadersormanagersusetoreducecoststhatcanbedamagingtothehealthoftheorganization.企業(yè)主管和經(jīng)理采用的削減成本的有些方法對企業(yè)健康發(fā)展是有害的。Theseincludedownsizing,reducingcustomerservice,andcuttingcornersinproductionmethods.這些方法包括縮小企業(yè)規(guī)模、減少客戶服務(wù)，以及在生產(chǎn)中偷工減料。Downsizing縮小企業(yè)規(guī)模Somecompanyleadersfeeltheycanreducecostsbysimplydownsizingorreducingthenumberofworkersormiddlemanagers.有些公司領(lǐng)導(dǎo)認(rèn)為，可以通過縮小企業(yè)規(guī)?；蛘呔唵T工或中層管理人員來減少成本。IfthisisdoneafterapplyingISO9000.anddefiningtheexactroleofeveryone,itmaybeanecessaryandeffectivemethod.如果是在實施ISO9000質(zhì)量體系之后，并已對每個成員的角色做出了細(xì)致的規(guī)定之后，這有可能不失為必要并且有效的一種方法。Unfortunately,mostcompaniesthatdownsizedosowithoutreallyknowingtheimpactonthecompany’soperations.但遺憾的是大多數(shù)削減規(guī)模的公司采用了裁員這種方法，但并不真正知道這種方法對公司運作所產(chǎn)生的影響。Oneofthebiggesteffectsofdownsizingtoreducecostsisthatthegoodemployeesquicklyleavethecompanyforgreenerpastures.以裁員的方法來削減成本，一個最大的副作用就是不少好的員工很快就會離開公司另謀高就。Thusthecompanyisleftwiththedeadwoodemployees,whoaresupposedtodotwicethe