SCIEI學(xué)術(shù)論文寫(xiě)作與發(fā)表攻略 課件 第二章 前言撰寫(xiě)

第二章

前言撰寫(xiě)目錄CONTENTS一通用模板五本文工作模板句二研究重要性模板句六經(jīng)典范文分析三文獻(xiàn)綜述模板句四存在問(wèn)題模板句七實(shí)例練習(xí)學(xué)術(shù)論文寫(xiě)作與發(fā)表攻略由淺入深、由寬到窄將讀者帶到論文中講清楚為什么要開(kāi)展此項(xiàng)研究、撰寫(xiě)該論文包括背景介紹、文獻(xiàn)綜述、本文工作三個(gè)部分前言撰寫(xiě)學(xué)術(shù)論文寫(xiě)作與發(fā)表攻略背景介紹：研究重要性掃盲信息：研究相關(guān)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)、基本概念共性問(wèn)題：當(dāng)前業(yè)內(nèi)研究熱點(diǎn)文獻(xiàn)綜述：文獻(xiàn)綜述：建議寫(xiě)成總分結(jié)構(gòu)存在問(wèn)題：指出當(dāng)前研究存在的具體問(wèn)題或空白本文工作：告訴讀者本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容讓讀者把思路集中到要討論的問(wèn)題上來(lái)通用模板學(xué)術(shù)論文寫(xiě)作與發(fā)表攻略備受關(guān)注：....hasgeneratedconsiderablerecentresearchinterest.....hasattracted(received)muchattention.是一個(gè)主題或問(wèn)題：...hasbeenthesubjectofnumerousstudies......isabasicsubjectinregardto...時(shí)間表達(dá)：Inrecentyears,...重要作用或泛應(yīng)用：...playanimportant(key)roleinthedevelopmentof......playamajorpartinthedevelopmentof...研究重要性模板句學(xué)術(shù)論文寫(xiě)作與發(fā)表攻略開(kāi)展研究/試驗(yàn)：...carriedout(performed/undertook/conducted)theexperiment(research/analysis).研究表明：Theyclaimed(stated/reported/concluded/presented/found)that...研究...：...explored(investigated/studied)examined...經(jīng)典例句：AnoverviewofworkinthisareacanbefoundinRefs.[1,2]....isreportedinLeon(1971).Itisevident,fromliteraturesurvey,Ref.[1],that...文獻(xiàn)綜述模板句學(xué)術(shù)論文寫(xiě)作與發(fā)表攻略提出一種新方法、新方向：However,littleinformation(littleresearch……)(orfewstudies)(orno)has(have)beendoneon(focusedon/studied(withrespectto))與別人研究類似：However,dataisstillscarce(rare),weneedto(aimto)providemoredocuments(data).Furtherstudiesarestillnecessary(essential)…經(jīng)典例句：However,testresultsonthissubjectarescarce,andthisisespeciallytruefor

thecaseofelastic-plasticbuckling.ThereremainsaneedforanefficientmethodthatcanHowever,theexperimentalconfigurationwasfarfromoptimal.存在問(wèn)題模板句學(xué)術(shù)論文寫(xiě)作與發(fā)表攻略第一句表達(dá)：hiscurrent(present)paper(work/study)reportson(concentrateon/examine/provide)...其它語(yǔ)句表達(dá)：Furthermore(Moreover,Inaddition),wewillalsodiscuss…...ispresentedindetail經(jīng)典例句：Thecurrentpaperexaminestheloadcarryingcapacityof

bowedoutsteelshellssubjectedtostaticexternalpressure.Thepaperaimstodemonstratethat

...Thispaperfocuseson...本文工作模板句學(xué)術(shù)論文寫(xiě)作與發(fā)表攻略深海球形耐壓殼力學(xué)特性研究0引言根據(jù)《中國(guó)制造2025》文件，國(guó)家將大力推動(dòng)海洋工程裝備突破發(fā)展。深海潛水器是大洋勘查與深?？茖W(xué)研究的重要海洋工程裝備。（研究重要性）在下潛過(guò)程中，潛水器的耐壓殼起著保障內(nèi)部設(shè)備正常工作和人員健康安全的作用，其重量占潛水器總重的1/4～1/2。（掃盲信息）現(xiàn)有的球形耐壓殼的設(shè)計(jì)與分析基于薄殼理論，且已被各國(guó)船級(jí)社規(guī)范認(rèn)同（主題句，承上啟下）。潘彬彬等對(duì)現(xiàn)有深水球形耐壓殼的設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范進(jìn)行了對(duì)比和分析，指出規(guī)范計(jì)算中存在的缺陷。然后通過(guò)原型試驗(yàn)和非線性有限元分析，建立了預(yù)測(cè)深海鈦合金球形殼極限強(qiáng)度的經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式。馬永前等參考中厚板殼穩(wěn)定性理論，研究厚球殼的屈曲問(wèn)題，指出：由于厚度方向的剪切效應(yīng)，厚球殼的實(shí)際臨界屈曲載荷低于薄殼理論（Zolley公式）的結(jié)果。王自力、劉濤等的研究表明，隨著水深增加，對(duì)于耐壓殼經(jīng)典范文分析學(xué)術(shù)論文寫(xiě)作與發(fā)表攻略的分析將從薄殼問(wèn)題轉(zhuǎn)化為中厚殼問(wèn)題，然而現(xiàn)有的潛水器規(guī)范不適用于深海耐壓殼分析，應(yīng)直接根據(jù)有限元計(jì)算確定其極限強(qiáng)度。（文獻(xiàn)綜述）在有限元建模過(guò)程中，模型簡(jiǎn)化、單元類型、網(wǎng)格密度、網(wǎng)格劃分形式、邊界條件、求解方法等對(duì)球形殼計(jì)算結(jié)果的影響很大，不同人員對(duì)同一問(wèn)題的計(jì)算結(jié)果存在差異，數(shù)值解的可信度有待商榷。（存在問(wèn)題）本文從理論分析和數(shù)值計(jì)算這兩方面研究球形耐壓殼的強(qiáng)度、穩(wěn)定性、儲(chǔ)備浮力等性能。（本文工作，主題句）在1～6km水深條件下，分別按薄殼模型和厚殼模型，分析和對(duì)比殼體的強(qiáng)度和穩(wěn)定性。建立球形耐壓殼的殼單元和體單元數(shù)值模型，研究單元類型、網(wǎng)格密度對(duì)耐壓殼強(qiáng)度和穩(wěn)定性的影響。（本文工作，具體信息）經(jīng)典范文分析學(xué)術(shù)論文寫(xiě)作與發(fā)表攻略Bucklingofsphericalshellssubjectedtoexternalpressure:Acomparisonofexperimentalandtheoreticaldata1.IntroductionFormorethan100years,researchhasbeenpublishedonsphericalshellssubjectedtouniformexternalpressure.（研究重要性）Knowledgeaboutthistypeofloadinghasbeenwidelyappliedinvariousengineeringfieldssuchasthoseinvolvingunderwaterpressurehulls,undergroundpressurevessels,andunderpressuretanks.Inparticular,thesphericalconfigurationisbroadlyconsideredanidealstructureforthepressurehullsofdeepsubmersibles.Thisisduetotheextremelyefficientstressandstraindistributionsinthematerial.（掃盲信息）Althoughthetheoreticalelasticbucklingloadsarehigh,thesphericalshellshavebeenfoundtobehighlyimperfectionsensitiveandbestronglyaffectedbyplasticmaterialproperties.Theexperimentalbucklingloadsareevenlowerthanthetheoreticalones.（共性問(wèn)題）經(jīng)典范文分析學(xué)術(shù)論文寫(xiě)作與發(fā)表攻略Thedifferencebetweentheoryandexperimenthaspromptednumerousstudiesregardingthebucklingofsphericalshellsloadedbyexternalpressure.（主題句，承上啟下）Forexample,Blachutetal.presentedaseriesofexperimentalandnumericalstudiesconcerningelastic-plasticbucklingofspherical,torispherical,conicalorbarreledshellsunderexternalpressure.Inmostoftheirstudies,thematerialwasassumedtobeelastic-perfectlyplastic.Theeffectsofinitialgeometricimperfectionswerealsotakenintoaccount,whichincludedeigenmodeimperfectionsderivedfromlinearelasticbucklinganalysisoftheperfectgeometriesordeterministiconesderivedfromalimitednumberofmeasuringpoints.Moreover,Panetal.performedasetofexperimentalandnumericalstudiesontheultimatestrengthlevelsofsphericalpressurehullsusedindeepsubmersibles.Theirnumericalmodelswereelaboratedonthebasisofinitialequivalentgeometricimperfectionsintheshapeofthefirsteigenmodeandalocaldimple.Theirnumericalpredictions經(jīng)典范文分析學(xué)術(shù)論文寫(xiě)作與發(fā)表攻略wereverifiedbypressurizingfourlaboratoryscalesphericalhullstocollapse.Morerecently,Quillietcarriedoutelasticitytheorycalculationstopredictthecollapsemodeofasphericalshell.Quillet’spredictionresembledpreviouslypublishedexperimentalresults.（文獻(xiàn)綜述）However,littleattentionhasbeenpaidtotruegeometry,includingdeterministicimperfections,derivedfromamoreprecisemeasurement.Andtheeffectsofplasticmaterialpropertiesincludingorexcludingyieldstrengthsandhardeningparametersonthebucklingofsphericalshellswererarelyinvestigatedaswell.Furtherstudyisstillnecessaryinthisbranchofmechanics.（存在問(wèn)題）Forinvestigatingthebucklingofsphericalshellsloadedwithexternalpressure,（本文工作，主題句）sphericalshellsweremanufacturedfrom304stainlesssteelsheetsthroughstampingandbutt-weldingprocesses.Thegeometriesandthicknessesoftheseshellswereobtainedusingahighlyaccuratethree-dimensionalopticalscannerandanultrasonicprobe,respectively.Andtheir經(jīng)典范文分析學(xué)術(shù)論文寫(xiě)作與發(fā)表攻略bucklingpropertieswerealsodemonstratedbyaseriesofhydrostatictests.Thebucklingandpostbucklingbehaviorsoftheseshellswerethendeterminednumericallyandverifiedexperimentally.Thenumericalanalysiswasbasedondeterministicimperfectionsobtainedfrommeasuredgeometricshapesandelastic-plasticmodelingoftruestress-straincurves.Furthermore,theeffectsofconstitutivemodels,suchaspurelyelasticandelastic-perfectlyplasticmodelingofmaterial,onthebucklingloadswerestudiednumerically.（本文工作，具體信息）Thispaperaimstoprovidearationalapproachtopredictingtherealload-carryingcapacitiesofsphericalshells.（論文主要發(fā)現(xiàn)、或研究意義）經(jīng)典范文分析學(xué)術(shù)論文寫(xiě)作與發(fā)表攻略硬土-軟土插樁過(guò)程數(shù)值分析及驗(yàn)證0引言當(dāng)在硬土-軟土結(jié)構(gòu)的海底安裝自升式鉆井平臺(tái)時(shí)，若某個(gè)樁靴突然發(fā)生無(wú)法控制的穿透，將導(dǎo)致樁腿屈曲、平臺(tái)退役，甚至導(dǎo)致平臺(tái)傾倒，這種災(zāi)難性的事故稱為“刺穿”。為了避免發(fā)生“刺穿”事故，需要研究平臺(tái)的插樁性能，包括插樁過(guò)程中樁靴周圍土壤的流動(dòng)特性、樁靴承載力（即插樁阻力）與插樁深度的關(guān)系、樁靴底部壓力分布規(guī)律等。插樁過(guò)程中樁靴和土壤間的固定度決定了樁腿、固樁架和船體在作業(yè)和自存工況下的力學(xué)響應(yīng)特性；插樁深度的大小決定了樁腿的設(shè)計(jì)總長(zhǎng)；可靠的樁靴承載力設(shè)計(jì)是保證平臺(tái)安全工作、避免發(fā)生“刺穿”事故的重要保障；樁靴底部壓力分布規(guī)律不僅是樁靴強(qiáng)度校核的關(guān)鍵，也是對(duì)樁靴周圍土壤剪切失效和“刺穿”失效進(jìn)行分析的重要信息。實(shí)例練習(xí)學(xué)術(shù)論文寫(xiě)作與發(fā)表攻略

近年來(lái)，數(shù)值方法逐漸成為研究平臺(tái)插樁性能的重要工具，小應(yīng)變有限元法（SSFE）和大位移有限元法（LDFE）被廣泛用于研究自升式平臺(tái)插樁性能。但上述兩種方法的運(yùn)用需要豐富的工程經(jīng)驗(yàn)，求解結(jié)果嚴(yán)重依賴網(wǎng)格劃分和參數(shù)設(shè)置，且在研究深插樁過(guò)程時(shí)計(jì)算效率低、收斂困難。HossainMS利用土工歐拉-拉格朗日耦合法（CEL）非常適合求解經(jīng)典有限元法不能求解的大變形土工問(wèn)題，ThoKK等首次運(yùn)用CEL法進(jìn)行了插樁過(guò)程數(shù)值模擬，QiuG等通過(guò)試驗(yàn)法、數(shù)值分析LDFE法和解析法驗(yàn)證了CEL法的有效性。離心模型試驗(yàn)?zāi)M了直徑為6m的樁靴在硬土-軟土中的插樁過(guò)程[10]，本文基于HossainMS的土工離心模型試驗(yàn)，采用CEL法建立插樁過(guò)程的數(shù)值模型，并利用HossainMS的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果對(duì)數(shù)值模型進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證，然后根據(jù)數(shù)值計(jì)算結(jié)果分析插樁過(guò)程中土壤的流動(dòng)特性以及插樁深度與插樁阻力的關(guān)系，并首次對(duì)樁靴底部壓力分布規(guī)律進(jìn)行研究。實(shí)例練習(xí)學(xué)術(shù)論文寫(xiě)作與發(fā)表攻略Bucklingofegg-shapedshellssubjectedtoexternalpressure1.IntroductionShellsofrevolutionhavereceivedconsiderableattentionforapplicationssuchasunderwaterpressurehulls,spacevehicles,pressurevessels,andpressuretanks.Themostfrequentlyinvestigatedstructuresarecylindrical,conical,andsphericalshellsandtheircombinations.Non-typicalshapessuchasellipsoidal,parabolical,andhyperboloidalshellshavealsobeenstudied.However,suchshellstendtolosestabilitywhensubjectedtoexternalpressure.AneffectivemeansforincreasingtheloadcarryingcapacityofshellsistheincorporationofashellofrevolutionthathasapositiveGaussiancurvature.Forexample,asphericalshelliswidelyacceptedtobeanidealsolutionbecauseoftheextremelyefficientstressandstraindistributionsinthematerial.However,ithasbeenfoundtobehighlyimperfectionsensitive;moreover,thesphericalconfigurationrendersthehousingofequipmentorhumanbeingsdifficult.

實(shí)例練習(xí)學(xué)術(shù)論文寫(xiě)作與發(fā)表攻略Asubstantialquantityofresearchhasfocusedonshellsofrevolutionwithnon-typicalmeridionalconfigurations.Thebarreledshellisanaptexamplethatcombinestheadvantagesofsphericalandcylindricalshells.Itisacylindricalshellthathasameridionalcurvature.Thebucklingofbarreledshellshasbeeninvestigatedinrecentyears.JasionandMagnucki,forinstance,proposedasetofbarreledshellswiththeCassinioval,clothoidalspherical,andcirculararcmeridians.Theyprovidedbucklingresultsfortheseshellsthatwereobtainedusinganalyticalornumericalmethods.Furthermore,Blachutdetailedtheresultsofthenumericalandexperimentalstudyintothebucklingbehaviorofbarreledshellsthathavemeridiansintheformofcirculararcsandgeneralizedellipses.Closeagreementbetweenthenumericalpredictionsandtheexperimentaldatawasobtained.Theeggshellisadesirableconfigurationforsupportinguniformpressurebymembraneaction.Ithasadvantagessuchasanexcellentloadcapacity,weight-to-實(shí)例練習(xí)學(xué)術(shù)論文寫(xiě)作與發(fā)表攻略strengthratio,span-to-thicknessratio,anda