2024年英語(yǔ)中考語(yǔ)法專題一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)講義

時(shí)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)(二)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一．定義一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：表示經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，客觀事實(shí)或狀態(tài)。二．標(biāo)志詞/時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：常與often（經(jīng)常），sometimes（有時(shí)），always（總是），usually（通常），never（絕不）等副詞連用。也經(jīng)常與everyday（每天）,

everyweek（每周）,

everymonth（每月）,everyterm（每學(xué)期）,

everyyear（每年）,

onceaweek（一周一次），twiceayear（一年兩次）等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。三．結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞+其他（常常表主語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)和特征）

如：Heisaboy.Thegirlisbeautiful.主語(yǔ)+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞+s/es）+其他（常常是表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性和習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)詞和客觀事實(shí)）Iusuallyvisitmygrandpaontheweekend.Samalwaysdoeshishomeworkintheevening.Lighttravelsfasterthanthesound.四．Be動(dòng)詞和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中的應(yīng)用這里的Be動(dòng)詞是is、am、are，am,is,are,翻譯是是是。Is、am、are的應(yīng)用；I接am，you接are，is接著he/she/it。單數(shù)is復(fù)數(shù)are，不可數(shù)詞也接is。五．實(shí)義動(dòng)詞如何變化成動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)（簡(jiǎn)稱：三單）規(guī)則例詞、例句一般動(dòng)詞后加slooklooks，wantwants,eateats等

Helikesplayingbasketball.

以s、x、o、ch、sh結(jié)尾，后加esgogoes,

kisskisses,watchwatches等

MyfatherwatchesTVeverynight.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的單詞，變y為i，再加esflyflies,

studystudies等

HestudiesEnglishveryhard.特殊變化havehas六．實(shí)義動(dòng)詞在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中的具體用法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的使用舉例主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的使用由主語(yǔ)決定Go/goes第一二人稱，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形I/wegotoschoolbybus.第三人稱單數(shù)，主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用三單也就是動(dòng)詞+s/esShe/liligoestoschoolbybus.七．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法1.表示經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性,永久性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。

通常與副詞sometimes,often,usually,always,everyday(year,month),once(twice,threetimes)aday,等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例：Iusuallygotoworkbybus.Igotothemoviesthreetimesaweek.Thetigerssleepfor16hoursaday.Maryisagirl.Thereareaparknexttothepostoffice.2.表示客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，等客觀事實(shí)或格言，諺語(yǔ)等。例：Practicemakesperfect.Thesunawaysrisesintheeast.八．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句型轉(zhuǎn)換1、句子含有be動(dòng)詞：有be變be【be句型結(jié)構(gòu)】陳述句：主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+其他。否定句：主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+not+其他。一般疑問句：Am/Is/Are+主語(yǔ)+其他？如：陳述句：Ellaismyfriend.否定句：Ellaisnotmyfriend.一般疑問句：IsEllayourfriend?句子含有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞：【實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的句型結(jié)構(gòu)】陳述句：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形/三單+其他。否定句：主語(yǔ)+don’t/doesn’t+動(dòng)詞原形+其他。一般疑問句：Do/Does+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？陳述句：Ioftenplayfootballwithmybrotherontheplayground.否定句：Idon’toftenplayfootballwithmybrotherontheplayground.一般疑問句:Doyouoftenplayfootballwithyourbrotherontheplayground?即學(xué)即練把下列單詞改成三單形式。study_____________catch____________take_____________play_____________have_______________carry_____________stop_____________eat______________write_____________speak______________fly______________let_______________think_____________teach______________join______________lie______________dance______________run_____________swim_____________jump_______________listen_____________二、用am、is、are填空。I__________Mary.Ihavetwosisters.Helen_____agoodgirl.Sheawayshelpshismumdohousework.Carla_________lazygirl.Herroom_______tidy.Sheawaysfindherthingsinhisroom.Herparents_______busywithworking,sotheyalwaysaskCarlatotakecareofherself.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Weoften__________(fly)kitesinthespring.She______________(go)upatsixo’clock.__________you__________(read)Englisheverymorning?What__________(do)sheusually__________(do)afterschool?Marysometimes__________(go)totheparkwithhisclassmates.Danaoften_____________(watch)thefilmwithhisparents.Howmanymilk___________we__________(need)?There(be)manypeopleswimminghere.Iamill,soI_________toadoctorinthehospital.Howdoyou________(go)toschool?一般過去時(shí)一．一般過去時(shí)的概念：一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：lastyear,yesterday,ago,justnow等。例如：I

atebreadforlunchyesterday.Iboughtthebookjustnow.二．一般過去時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)1、主語(yǔ)+was/were+其他（表示過去主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)和特征）陳述句：主語(yǔ)+was/were+其他否定句：主語(yǔ)+wasnot/werenot+其他一般疑問句：Was/were+主語(yǔ)+其他如：陳述句：Iwasastudentbefore.否定句：Iwasn’tastudentbefore.一般疑問句：Wereyouastudentbefore?2.主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過去式+其他陳述句：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過去式+其他否定句：主語(yǔ)+didn’t+動(dòng)詞原形+其他一般疑問句：Did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他一般過去時(shí)的特殊疑問句：疑問詞＋did+主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞原形＋其它？例如：陳述句:IwenttoShanghailastmonth.陳述句:Ididn’tgotoShanghailastmonth.一般疑問句：Didyougotoshanghailastmonth?一般過去時(shí)的特殊疑問句：W heredidyougolastmonth?三．實(shí)義動(dòng)詞在一般過去時(shí)中的變化動(dòng)詞過去式的構(gòu)成：一般過去時(shí)時(shí)動(dòng)詞原形怎么變成動(dòng)詞過去式規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)律實(shí)意動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)則1.對(duì)于大部分動(dòng)詞,原型動(dòng)詞+ed即可構(gòu)成過去式。如want—wantedwatch——watched2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的在詞尾加d如livelived;movemoved3、以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,雙寫末尾輔音再加ed;如stopstopped；planplanned4.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的，將y改i再加edStudystudied,carrycarried動(dòng)詞原形變成過去式，有一部分是不規(guī)則變化。附表格在課本后要牢記。四．重點(diǎn)剖析：實(shí)意動(dòng)詞在一般過去時(shí)中如何運(yùn)用一般過在時(shí)實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的使用舉例主語(yǔ)（不用考慮）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的使用由不用考慮主語(yǔ)決定，只需要把動(dòng)詞原形變成動(dòng)詞過去式Gowent謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞過去式I/wewenttoschoolbybusyesterday.She/liliwenttoschoolbybusyesterday.五．一般過去時(shí)的口訣一般過去時(shí)口訣一般過去時(shí)并不難，

表示過去動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)記心間。動(dòng)詞要用過去式，

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)句末站。否定句很簡(jiǎn)單，

didn't站在動(dòng)詞原形前，

其它部分不要變。一般疑問句也好變，

did放在句子前，

主語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞原形、其它部分依次站。特殊疑問句也簡(jiǎn)單，

疑問詞加一般疑問句記心間。最后一條請(qǐng)注意，

動(dòng)詞過去式要牢記。練習(xí)：一、改寫句子1、LinglingvisitedtheGreatWalllastweek.（改否定句）Lingling_______________theGreatWalllastweek.2、Heatesomeapplesfordinnerthedaybeforeyesterday.（對(duì)劃線部分提問)______________________he________fordinnerthedaybeforeyesterday.?3、Therewassomeappletreeshere.（變一般疑問句)_______there_____________________?4.Maryreadthebooklastweekend.（一般疑問句）_______Mary_______thebooklastweekend?二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換Itookthesepicturesinabeautifulparklastyear.一般疑問句：________________________________________肯定/否定回答：____________________________________對(duì)劃線部分提問：____________________________________三、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.They___________(e)toChangshalastmonth.ary_________________(notgo)toworklastnight.soshe_______(watch)afilm.3.Tina__________(read)thestoriestothemyesterday.4.There_________(be)noroadnearhereamomentago.5.She___________(call)hersisterthismorning.6.I___________(hear)someinformationabouthim.ed___________(begin)tolearnChineselastyear.8.Lastweekwe_________(feed)manyanimalsonthefarm.9.He________________(notcook)mealsyesterday.10.Mike________(have)enoughcakejustnow.四．一般過去時(shí)的情景交際和看圖寫話?？记榫敖浑H題你想問Mary昨天晚上吃了什么作為晚餐，你應(yīng)該怎么問：？？你想問你的同學(xué)暑假去了哪里度假，你應(yīng)該怎么問？？你想表達(dá)你上周五在超市遇見了Mr.Li,你應(yīng)該怎么表達(dá)