美國(guó)人工智能發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略-英

NATIONAL

ARTIFICIAL

INTELLIGENCERESEARCH

AND

DEVELOPMENTSTRATEGIC

PLAN2023

UPDATEA

Report

by

theSELECTCOMMITTEEONARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCEof

theNATIONALSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYCOUNCILMay

2023AbouttheOfficeofScienceand

TechnologyPolicyThe

Office

of

Science

and

Technology

Policy

(OSTP)

was

established

by

the

National

Science

and

Technology

Policy,

Organization,

andPriorities

Act

of

1976

to

provide

the

President

and

others

within

the

Executive

Office

of

the

President

with

advice

on

the

scientific,engineering,

and

technological

aspects

of

the

economy,

national

security,

health,

foreign

relations,

the

environment,

and

the

technologicalrecovery

and

use

of

resources,

among

other

topics.

OSTP

leads

interagency

science

and

technology

policy

coordination

efforts,

assists

theOffice

of

Management

and

Budget

with

an

annual

review

and

analysis

of

federal

research

and

development

in

budgets,

and

serves

as

a

sourceofscientificandtechnologicalanalysisandjudgmentforthePresidentwithrespecttomajorpolicies,plans,andprogramsofthefederalgovernment.Moreinformationisavailableat/ostp.AbouttheNational

Scienceand

TechnologyCouncilThe

National

Science

and

Technology

Council

(NSTC)

is

the

principal

means

by

which

the

Executive

Branch

coordinates

science

and

technologypolicy

across

the

diverse

entities

that

make

up

the

federal

research

and

development

enterprise.

A

primary

objective

of

the

NSTC

is

to

ensurethatscienceandtechnologypolicydecisionsandprogramsareconsistentwiththePresident’sstatedgoals.TheNSTCpreparesresearchanddevelopment

strategies

that

are

coordinated

across

federal

agencies

aimed

at

accomplishing

multiple

national

goals.

The

work

of

the

NSTCis

organized

under

committees

that

oversee

subcommittees

and

working

groups

focused

on

different

aspects

of

science

and

technology.Moreinformationisavailableat

/ostp/nstc.AbouttheSelectCommitteeonArtificial

IntelligenceThe

Select

Committee

on

Artificial

Intelligence

advises

and

assists

the

NSTC

to

improve

the

overall

effectiveness

and

productivity

of

federalefforts

related

to

artificial

intelligence

(AI)

to

ensure

continued

U.S.

leadership

in

this

field.

It

addresses

national

and

international

policymatters

that

cut

across

agency

boundaries,

and

it

provides

formal

mechanisms

for

interagency

policy

coordination

and

development

forfederal

AI

activities.

It

also

advises

the

Executive

Office

of

the

President

on

interagency

AI

priorities;

works

to

create

balanced

andcomprehensive

AI

R&D

programs

and

partnerships;

leverages

federal

data

and

computational

resources

across

department

and

agencymissions;

and

supports

a

national

technical

AI

workforce.

The

National

Artificial

Intelligence

Initiative

Office

provides

technical

andadministrativesupportfortheSelectCommitteeonAI.AbouttheSubcommitteeonMachineLearningandArtificial

IntelligenceTheMachine

LearningandArtificialIntelligence(MLAI)

Subcommittee(MLAI-SC)

monitorsthestateofthe

art

inmachinelearning(ML)

andAI

within

the

federal

government,

in

the

private

sector,

and

internationally

to

watch

for

the

arrivalof

important

technology

milestones

in

thedevelopment

of

AI,

to

coordinate

the

use

of

and

foster

the

sharing

of

knowledge

and

best

practices

about

ML

and

AI

by

the

federalgovernment,andtoconsult

in

thedevelopmentoffederalMLAIR&Dpriorities.

TheMLAI-SCreportstotheNSTCCommitteeonTechnologyandtheSelectCommitteeonAI.AbouttheSubcommitteeonNetworking&

InformationTechnologyResearch&

DevelopmentThe

Networking

and

InformationTechnology

Research

and

Development

(NITRD)

Program

hasbeenthe

Nation’s

primary

source

of

federallyfunded

work

on

pioneering

information

technologies

(IT)

in

computing,

networking,

and

software

since

it

was

first

established

as

the

High-Performance

Computing

and

Communications

Program

following

passage

of

the

High-Performance

Computing

Act

of

1991.

The

NITRDSubcommittee

of

the

NSTC

guides

the

multiagency

NITRD

Program

in

its

work

to

provide

the

R&D

foundations

for

ensuring

continued

U.S.technological

leadership

and

for

meeting

the

Nation’s

needs

for

advanced

IT.

The

National

Coordination

Office

(NCO)

supports

the

NITRDSubcommitteeanditsInteragencyWorkingGroups(IWGs)(/about/).AbouttheNITRD

Artificial

IntelligenceR&D

InteragencyWorkingGroupThe

AIR&D

Interagency

WorkingGroup

(IWG)

coordinatesfederal

AIR&D

andsupportsactivities

taskedbyboththeNSTCSelect

Committeeon

AI

and

the

Subcommittee

on

Machine

Learning

and

Artificial

Intelligence.

This

vital

work

promotes

U.S.

leadership

and

globalcompetitivenessin

AIR&Danditsapplications.TheAIR&DIWGreportsinvestmentstotheAIR&D

ProgramComponentArea.AboutThis

DocumentThis

document

includes

relevant

text

from

the

2016

and

2019

national

AIR&D

strategicplans,alongwith

updates

prepared

in

2023based

onAdministrationandinteragency

evaluation

of

theNational

AIR&DStrategic

Plan:

2019

Update

as

well

ascommunity

responses

toaRequestforInformationonupdating

thePlan.

The2019

strategies

were

broadly

determinedto

be

validgoingforward.

The2023

update

addsa

newStrategy9,whichestablishesa

principledandcoordinatedapproachtointernationalcollaborationin

AIresearch.CopyrightThisdocumentis

aworkoftheUnitedStatesgovernmentandis

in

the

publicdomain(see17

U.S.C.

§105).Asacourtesy,weask

that

copiesanddistributionsincludean

acknowledgmenttoOSTP.Publishedin

theUnitedStatesofAmerica,2023.Note:

Any

mention

in

the

text

of

commercial,

non-profit,

academic

partners,

or

their

products,

or

references

is

for

information

only;

itdoesnotimply

endorsementorrecommendationbyanyU.S.governmentagency.-ii-TheNationalArtificialIntelligence

R&DStrategicPlanNATIONALSCIENCEAND

TECHNOLOGY

COUNCILChairActingExecutiveDirectorKeiKoizumi,PrincipalDeputy

DirectorforAratiPrabhakar,Director,OfficeofScienceandTechnologyPolicy

(OSTP),AssistanttothePresidentforScienceandTechnologyPolicy,OSTPSELECT

COMMITTEE

ON

ARTIFICIAL

INTELLIGENCEChairRotatingCo-ChairsLaurieLocascio,UndersecretaryofCommerceforStandardsandTechnology,DepartmentofCommerceAratiPrabhakar,Director,OSTP,AssistanttothePresidentforScienceandTechnologySethuramanPanchanathan,Director,NationalScienceFoundation(NSF)GeraldineRichmond,UnderSecretaryforScienceandInnovation,DepartmentofEnergy(DOE)SUBCOMMITTEE

ON

MACHINE

LEARNING

AND

ARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCECo-ChairsStephenBinkley,NationalNuclearSecurityAdministration,DOEErwinGianchandani,AssistantDirectorforTechnology,InnovationandPartnerships,NSFTessdeBlanc-Knowles,Senior

PolicyAdvisor,OSTPElhamTabassi,AssociateDirectorforEmergingTechnology,InformationTechnologyLaboratory,NationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology(NIST)ExecutiveSecretaryFaisalD’Souza,NITRDNationalCoordinationOffice(NCO)SUBCOMMITTEE

ON

NETWORKING

ANDINFORMATION

TECHNOLOGYRESEARCH

ANDDEVELOPMENT

(NITRD)Co-ChairCo-ChairMargaretMartonosi,AssistantDirectorforComputerandInformationScienceandEngineering,NSFKathleen(Kamie)Roberts,NITRDNCOExecutiveSecretaryNekeiaButler,NITRDNCOARTIFICIAL

INTELLIGENCE

RESEARCH

ANDDEVELOPMENTINTERAGENCY

WORKING

GROUPCo-ChairsStevenL.Lee,OfficeofAdvancedScientificComputingResearch,OfficeofScience,DOEMichaelL.Littman,DirectorateforComputerandInformationScienceandEngineering,DivisionofInformationandIntelligentSystems,NSFCraigI.Schlenoff,IntelligentSystemsDivision,EngineeringLaboratory,NISTTechnicalCoordinatorFaisalD’Souza,NITRDNCO-iii-TheNationalArtificialIntelligence

R&DStrategicPlanWritingTeamGilAlterovitz,VARobertHickernell,NISTAaronMannes,DHSAnnStapleton,USDAElhamTabassi,NISTMaryTheofanos,NISTStevenThomson,USDAJayVietas,NIOSHFaisalD’Souza,NITRDNCO

JonnieBradley,DOE/AITO

NikunjOza,NASAAllisonDennis,NIHKyleFox,NIJCraigGreenberg,NISTWilliamHarrison,NISTDavidKuehn,DOTStevenLee,DOE/SCMichaelLittman,NSFZhiyongLu,NIHRichardPaladino,MDAPavel

Piliptchak,NISTCraigI.Schlenoff,NISTAdriaSchwarber,StateRamD.Sriram,NISTJamesWarren,NISTMeganZimmerman,NISTJillianMammino,State-iv-TheNationalArtificialIntelligence

R&DStrategicPlanTable

of

ContentsExecutiveSummary

viiIntroductiontotheNationalAIR&DStrategicPlan:2023Update

1AIasaNationalPriority1Strategy1:MakeLong-TermInvestmentsin

Fundamental

andResponsibleAIResearch

3AdvancingData-FocusedMethodologiesforKnowledgeDiscovery3Fostering

FederatedMLApproaches

4UnderstandingTheoreticalCapabilitiesandLimitationsofAI

4PursuingResearchonScalableGeneral-PurposeAISystems5DevelopingAISystemsandSimulationsAcrossRealandVirtualEnvironments

5EnhancingthePerceptualCapabilitiesofAI

Systems5DevelopingMoreCapableandReliableRobots6AdvancingHardwareforImprovedAI6CreatingAIforImprovedHardware7EmbracingSustainableAIandComputingSystems

8Strategy2:DevelopEffectiveMethodsforHuman-AICollaboration

9DevelopingtheScienceof

Human-AITeaming

9SeekingImprovedModelsandMetricsof

Performance10CultivatingTrustinHuman-AI

Interactions10PursuingGreaterUnderstandingofHuman-AISystems10DevelopingNewParadigmsforAIInteractionsandCollaborations

10Strategy3:UnderstandandAddresstheEthical,Legal,andSocietalImplicationsofAI

12MakingInvestmentsinFundamentalResearchtoAdvanceCoreValuesThroughSociotechnicalSystemsDesignandontheEthical,Legal,andSocietalImplicationsof

AI12UnderstandingandMitigating

SocialandEthicalRisksofAI

13UsingAItoAddressEthical,Legal,andSocietalIssues

14UnderstandingtheBroaderImpactsofAI15Strategy4:EnsuretheSafetyandSecurityofAISystems

16BuildingSafeAI16SecuringAI17Strategy5:DevelopSharedPublicDatasetsandEnvironmentsforAITrainingandTesting

18DevelopingandMakingAccessibleDatasetstoMeettheNeedsofaDiverseSpectrumofAIApplications18DevelopingSharedLarge-ScaleandSpecializedAdvancedComputingandHardwareResources20MakingTestingResourcesResponsivetoCommercialandPublicInterests

21DevelopingOpen-SourceSoftwareLibrariesandToolkits21Strategy6:MeasureandEvaluateAISystemsthroughStandardsandBenchmarks

22DevelopingaBroadSpectrumofAIStandards

22EstablishingAITechnologyBenchmarks

24IncreasingtheAvailabilityofAITestbeds25EngagingtheAICommunityin

StandardsandBenchmarks

25DevelopingStandardsforAuditingandMonitoringofAISystems26-v-TheNationalArtificialIntelligence

R&DStrategicPlanStrategy7:BetterUnderstandtheNationalAIR&DWorkforceNeeds

27DescribingandEvaluatingtheAIWorkforce27DevelopingStrategiesforAIInstructionalMaterialatAllLevels28SupportingAIHigherEducationStaff28Training/RetrainingtheWorkforce28ExploringtheImpactofDiverseandMultidisciplinaryExpertise29IdentifyingandAttractingtheWorld’sBestTalent29DevelopingRegionalAIExpertise29InvestigatingOptionstoStrengthentheFederalAIWorkforce30IncorporatingEthical,Legal,andSocietalImplicationsintoAIEducationandTraining30CommunicatingFederalWorkforcePrioritiestoExternalStakeholders30Strategy8:ExpandPublic-PrivatePartnershipstoAccelerateAdvancesin

AI

31AchievingMorefromPublic-PrivatePartnershipSynergies

31ExpandingPartnershipstoMoreDiverseStakeholders32Improving,Enlarging,andCreatingMechanismsfor

R&DPartnerships32Strategy9:EstablishaPrincipledandCoordinatedApproachtoInternationalCollaborationin

AIResearch

34CultivatingaGlobalCultureofDevelopingandUsing

TrustworthyAI34SupportingDevelopmentofGlobalAISystems,Standards,andFrameworks35FacilitatingInternationalExchangeofIdeasandExpertise36EncouragingAIDevelopment

forGlobalBenefit36EvaluatingFederalAgencies’ImplementationoftheNAIIAandStrategicPlan

38ListofAbbreviationsandAcronyms

39EndnotesError!Bookmarknotdefined.-vi-TheNationalArtificialIntelligence

R&DStrategicPlanExecutive

SummaryArtificial

intelligence

(AI)1

is

one

of

the

most

powerful

technologies

of

our

time.

In

order

to

seize

theopportunities

that

AI

presents,

the

Nation

must

first

work

to

manage

its

risks.

The

federal

governmentplays

a

critical

role

in

this

effort,

including

through

smart

investments

in

research

and

development

(R&D)that

promote

responsible

innovation

and

advance

solutions

to

the

challenges

that

other

sectors

will

notaddress

on

their

own.

This

includes

R&D

to

leverage

AI

to

tackle

large

societal

challenges

and

develop

newapproaches

to

mitigate

AI

risks.

The

federal

government

must

place

people

and

communities

at

the

centerby

investing

in

responsible

R&D

that

serves

the

public

good,

protects

people’s

rights

and

safety,

andadvances

democratic

values.

This

update

to

the

National

AI

R&D

Strategic

Plan

is

a

roadmap

for

drivingprogresstowardthatgoal.Thisplandefinesthe

major

research

challengesinAI

tocoordinateand

focusfederalR&Dinvestments.Itwillensure

continued

U.S.leadershipin

thedevelopmentand

useof

trustworthy

AIsystems,

preparethecurrent

and

future

U.S.

workforce

for

the

integration

of

AI

systems

across

all

sectors,

and

coordinateongoingAIactivitiesacrossallfederal

agencies.2This

plan,

which

follows

national

AI

R&D

strategic

plans

issued

in

2016

and

2019,

reaffirms

eight

strategiesand

adds

a

ninth

tounderscore

a

principled

and

coordinated

approach

tointernational

collaboration

in

AIresearch:Strategy1:

Make

long-term

investments

in

fundamental

and

responsible

AI

research.

Prioritizeinvestments

in

the

next

generation

of

AI

to

drive

responsible

innovation

that

will

serve

the

public

goodand

enable

the

United

States

to

remain

a

world

leader

in

AI.

This

includes

advancing

foundational

AIcapabilities

such

asperception,

representation,learning,

and

reasoning,

aswellas

focused

effortstomakeAIeasiertouseand

morereliableandtomeasureand

managerisksassociated

with

generativeAI.Strategy2:

Develop

effective

methods

for

human-AI

collaboration.

Increase

understanding

of

howto

create

AI

systems

that

effectively

complement

and

augment

human

capabilities.

Open

researchareas

include

the

attributes

and

requirements

of

successful

human-AI

teams;

methods

to

measurethe

efficiency,

effectiveness,

and

performance

of

AI-teaming

applications;

and

mitigating

the

risk

ofhumanmisuseofAI-enabledapplicationsthatleadtoharmfuloutcomes.Strategy3:

Understand

and

address

the

ethical,

legal,

and

societal

implications

of

AI.

Developapproaches

to

understand

and

mitigate

the

ethical,

legal,

and

social

risks

posed

by

AI

to

ensure

thatAI

systems

reflectour

Nation’svaluesand

promoteequity.

Thisincludes

interdisciplinary

researchtoprotect

and

supportvaluesthrough

technical

processes

and

design,

aswell

astoadvance

areas

suchas

AI

explainability

and

privacy-preserving

design

and

analysis.

Efforts

to

develop

metrics

andframeworksforverifiableaccountability,fairness,privacy,andbiasarealsoessential.Strategy4:

Ensure

the

safety

and

security

of

AI

systems.

Advance

knowledge

of

how

to

design

AIsystems

that

are

trustworthy,

reliable,

dependable,

and

safe.

This

includes

research

to

advance

theabilitytotest,

validate,

and

verifythefunctionality

and

accuracy

of

AI

systems,andsecure

AI

systemsfromcybersecurityanddatavulnerabilities.Strategy5:

Develop

shared

public

datasets

and

environments

for

AI

training

and

testing.

Developand

enable

access

to

high-quality

datasets

and

environments,

as

well

as

to

testing

and

trainingresources.

Abroader,morediversecommunity

engaging

withthebestdataand

toolsforconductingAIresearch

increasesthe

potentialfor

moreinnovativeandequitableresults.-vii

-TheNationalArtificialIntelligence

R&DStrategicPlanStrategy6:

Measure

and

evaluate

AI

systems

through

standards

and

benchmarks.

Develop

a

broadspectrum

of

evaluative

techniques

for

AI,

including

technical

standards

and

benchmarks,

informed

bytheAdministration’sBlueprintforan

AIBillofRights

andAIRiskManagementFramework

(RMF).Strategy7:

Better

understand

the

national

AI

R&D

workforce

needs.

Improve

opportunities

forR&Dworkforce

development

to

strategically

foster

an

AI-ready

workforce

in

America.

This

includes

R&Dto

improve

understanding

ofthe

limits

and

possibilities

ofAI

and

AI-related

work,

and

the

educationandfluencyneededtoeffectivelyinteractwithAI

systems.Strategy8:

Expand

public-privatepartnerships

toaccelerate

advances

inAI.Promoteopportunitiesfor

sustained

investment

in

responsible

AI

R&D

and

for

transitioning

advances

into

practicalcapabilities,

in

collaboration

with

academia,

industry,

international

partners,

and

other

non-federalentities.Strategy9:

Establish

a

principled

and

coordinated

approach

to

international

collaboration

in

AIresearch.

Prioritize

international

collaborations

in

AI

R&D

to

address

global

challenges,

such

asenvironmental

sustainability,

healthcare,

and

manufacturing.

Strategic

international

partnerships

willhelp

support

responsible

progress

in

AI

R&D

and

the

development

and

implementation

ofinternational

guidelinesandstandardsfor

AI.The

federal

government

plays

a

critical

role

in

ensuring

that

technologies

like

AI

are

developedresponsibly,

and

to

serve

the

American

people.

Federal

investments

over

many

decades

have

facilitatedmany

key

discoveries

in

AI

innovations

that

power

industry

and

society

today,

and

federally

fundedresearch

has

sustained

progress

in

AI

throughout

the

field’s

evolution.

Federal

investments

in

basic

andapplied

research3

havedriven

breakthroughs

enabledby

emerging

technologieslike

AI

acrosstheboard,including

in

climate,

agriculture,

energy,

public

health,

and

healthcare.

Strategic

federal

investments

inresponsible

AI

R&D

will

advance

a

comprehensive

approach

to

AI-related

risks

and

opportunities

insupportofthepublicgood.-viii

-TheNationalArtificialIntelligence

R&DStrategicPlanIntroduction

to

the

National

AI

R&D

StrategicPlan:

2023UpdateAdvances

in

generating,

collecting,

processing,

and

storing

data

have

enabled

innovation

in

AI,

allowingthis

technology

to

become

ubiquitous

in

modern

life

and

touch

nearly

every

facet

of

daily

activities,directly

or

indirectly.

Besides

the

AI-enabled

applications

in

smartphones

and

personal

computers,applications

of

AI

have

streamlined

logistics,

accelerated

scientific

discovery,

enabled

more

efficientdesignandmanufacturing,andaidedindetecting

financialfraud.However,realizingAI’spotentialsocialand

economic

benefits

and

aligning

it

with

American

values

requires

considerable

research

investments,pursuedinaccordancewiththeprinciplesofscientificintegrity.In

February

2022,

the

Office

of

Science

and

Technology

Policy

(OSTP)

issued

a

Request

for

Information(RFI)4

requesting

input

from

all

interested

parties

on

the

development

of

this

plan.

Over

60

responsesweresubmittedby

researchers,research

organizations,professionalsocieties,civilsocietyorganizations,andindividuals;theseresponsesareavailableonline.5Many

of

the

RFI

responses

reaffirmed

the

analysis,

organization,

and

approach

originally

outlined

in

the2016

and2019strategicplans.Itis

noteworthy

that

a

majority

of

the

RFI

responsesreferred

to

aspects

ofethical,

legal,

andsocietalimplicationsofAI(Strategy

3)orsafety

andsecurity

of

AI

systems

(Strategy4).These

responses

underscore

a

heightened

priority

across

academia,

industry,

and

the

public

fordeveloping

and

deploying

AI

systems

that

are

safe,

transparent,

and

improve

equity,

and

that

do

notviolate

privacy.

Responses

to

the

RFI

also

emphasized

the

importance

of

supporting

AI

R&D

that

willdevelop

systems

capable

of

helping

to

addresssome

of

the

foremost

challenges

and

opportunities

beforethe

Nation

today,

including

advancing

personalized

medicine;

improving

cybersecurity;

addressinginequities;

bringing

efficiencies

to

manufacturing,

transportation,

and

other

critical

sectors

of

theeconomy;

ensuring

environmental

sustainability;

and

enabling

the

scientific

discovery

and

innovation

thatwillpowerthenextgenerationoftechnologicalbreakthroughs.AIas

aNationalPriorityThe

Biden-Harris

Administration

is

committed

to

advancing

responsible

AI

systems

that

are

ethical,trustworthy,

and

safe,

and

serve

the

public

good.

The

fiscal

year

(FY)

2023

President’s

Budget

Requestincluded

substantial

and

specific

funding

requests

for

AI

R&D,

as

part

of

a

broad

expansion

of

federallyfunded

R&D

to

advancekey

technologies

and

addresssocietal

challenges.6

The

CHIPS

and

Science

Act

of20227

and

Consolidated

Appropriations

Act,

20238

reflect

Administration

and

Congressional

support

foranexpansion

offederally

fundedR&D,

includingAIR&D.9The

memorandum

on

Multi-Agency

Research

and

Development

Priorities

for

the

FY2024

Budget10issuedjointly

by

the

Office

of

Management

and

Budget

and

OSTP

likewise

calls

for

agencies

to

prioritize

R&Dfunding

toward

advancingnational

security

and

technologicalcompetitiveness,

including

trustworthy

AI,among

other

critical

and

emerging

technologies

of

national

interest.

This

planpursues

the

advancementof

fundamental

and

translational

AI

research

to

make

AI

trustworthy,

equitable,

and

both

rights-

andprivacy-preserving.The

National

AI

Initiative

Act

(NAIIA)

of

2020

established

the

National

AI

Initiative

Office

(NAIIO)

tocoordinatekeyAI

activities

across

thefederalgovernment.

Thisoffice,based

in

theWhiteHouseOSTP,isthecentral

pointof

contact

fortechnical

and

programmaticinformation

exchangeon

activitiesrelated

tothe

National

AI

Initiative

across

the

federal

government,

academia,

industry,

nonprofit

organizations,professional

societies,

civil

society,

and

state,

local,

and

tribal

governments.

In

addition,

the

NAIIO

helpsadvanceprogress

on

thepriorities

outlined

in

thisplan

and

implementsacomprehensiveapproach

toAI-relatedrisksand

opportunitiesinsupportofthe

publicgood.-1-TheNationalArtificialIntelligence

R&DStrategicPlanWhile

R&D

activities

and

outputs

inform

governance

and

regulatory

approaches,

this

plan

leavesdiscussionsof

regulation

or

governancetootherfederaldocuments,such

asthe

BlueprintforanAI

Bill

ofRights

and

the

AI

Risk

Management

Framework.

In

addition,

issues

related

to

scientific

integrity

and

publicaccess,whiledirectlyrelevanttoAIR&D,arelargelylefttootherfederalgovernmentdocumentsaswell.-2-TheNationalArtificialIntelligence

R&DStrategicPlanStrategy

1:

Make

Long-Term

Investments

in

Fundamental

andResponsible

AI

ResearchThe

United

States

has

maintained

its

leadership

in

AI

in

large

part

because

of

continued

and

consistentinvestment

in

long-term,

fundamental

AI

research.

For

example,

many

of

today’s

AI-enabled

products

andservices

have

their

roots

in

federally

funded

fundamental

research

dating

back

decades.

This

trend

hascontinued

since

the

release

of

the

2019

Strategic

Plan,

with

a

notable

increas