Unit4NaturalDisasters知識點梳理匯總學案-高中英語人教版

必修一unit4.知識梳理及拓展一、重點單詞1．_________________n.災難；災害2．_____________________n.旱災；久旱3．__slide__vi.&vt.__________________4．___________________n.洪水；大量vi.淹沒；大量涌入vt.使灌滿水；淹沒→______________________adj.洪水泛濫的5．__________________n.&vt.營救；救援6．__________________vt.損害；破壞n.損壞；損失7．__destroy__vt.__________________8．__________________n.死；死亡9．__________________vt.影響；(疾病)侵襲；深深打動10．__shelter__n.__________________11．__ruin__n.&vt.__________________12．__________________n.百分之……adj.&adv.每一百中→__percentage__n.百分率；百分比13．__brick__n.__________________14．__metal__n.__________________→_____________________n.模特；模范；榜樣→__medal__n.獎章；勛章；紀念章→______________________n.新聞媒體；傳媒15．__shock__n.震驚；令人震驚的事；休克vt.(使)震驚→____________________adj.感到震驚的→____________________adj.令人震驚的16．___________________n.電；電能→__electric__adj.電動的，用電的→____________________adj.與(用)電有關的；電氣科學的→__electronic__adj.電子的17．__trap__vt.使落入險境；使陷入圈套n.險境；陷阱18．__________________vt.埋葬；安葬19．___________________vi.&vt.呼吸→____________________n.呼吸；氣息→____________________adj.氣喘吁吁的；呼吸急促的→____________________adv.氣喘吁吁地；上氣不接下氣地20．__________________n.努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力→__effortless__adj.不需費力的21．__________________n.智慧；才智→___________________adj.有智慧的；英明的；明智的→___________________adv.明智地；精明地22．__context__n.上下文；語境；背景23．__________________vt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等)受苦→____________________n.疼痛；痛苦；苦難；折磨24．__volcano__n.__________________25．__erupt__vi.&vt.(火山)爆發(fā)；(巖漿、煙等)噴出→___________________n.爆發(fā)；噴出26．___________________n.供應(量)；補給；[pl.]補給品vt.供應；供給→____________________n.供應商27．__typhoon__n.__________________28．__________________vi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艱難度過→____________________n.幸存者→__survival__n.__________________29．__________________n.電力供應；能量；力量；控制力→___________________adj.強大的；猛烈的；有勢力的30．__pipe__n.管子；管道31．__emergency__n.__________________32．___________________adj.鎮(zhèn)靜的；沉著的vt.使平靜；使鎮(zhèn)靜→___________________adv.鎮(zhèn)靜地；沉著地33．__________________n.援助；幫助；救援物資vi.&vt.(formal)幫助；援助34．__kit__n.成套工具；成套設備35．__crash__vt.&vi.__________________36．__________________vt.&vi.(swept，swept)打掃；清掃37__________________n.海浪；波浪vi.&vt.揮手；招手38．__strike__vt.&vi.(struck，struck/stricken)侵襲；突擊；擊打n.罷工；罷課；襲擊→__striker__n.罷工者；前鋒；射手39．__deliver__vt.&vi.__________________vt.發(fā)表→__delivery__n.發(fā)表；遞送40．__summary__n.__________________41．___________________n.影響；結果；效果→___________________adj.有效的；實際的42．___________________n.長；長度→___________________adj.長的；長久的二、重點短語1．__________________寫下；記下2．______________________指的是；參考3．______________________考慮4．set__up________________________5．__at__least______________________6．__as__usual______________________7．_________似乎；好像；仿佛8．___________________________結束；終止9．____________嚴重受損；破敗不堪10．______________________……的數(shù)目11．nothing__but__除……以外什么也不；只有；只不過12．tens__of__thousandsof數(shù)以萬計的13．______________________震驚；吃驚14．______________________掘出；發(fā)現(xiàn)15．look__up________________________16．______________________…患……疾??；受……之苦17．wake__up________________________18．______________________搭起；張貼19．__in__theopenair______________________20．__on__hand現(xiàn)有(尤指幫助)；臨近；在手邊21．more__than________________________22．sweep_____________消滅；徹底消除23．stand__at__達到特定水平(或數(shù)量、高度等)24．a(chǎn)smany__as______________________25．______________________注意26．______________________執(zhí)行；實施三、知識詳解rescuev./n.救援，營救_________________________________救援隊etothe/one’srescue_______________________________________________________________從......中拯救......例：一支救援隊正在努力接近被困礦工。Arescueteamistryingtoreachthetrappedminers.消防員設法把小男孩從火中拯救出來。Thefirefighter_______________________________________________.damagev./n.破壞，損壞do/causedamage(to)....例：一些建筑在地震中遭到了破壞。Somebuildings_____________________intheearthquake.經(jīng)常喝酒對健康有害。Drinkingfrequently___________________________health.affectv.影響，（疾?。┣忠u，使感動affectionn.喜愛effectn.影響______________________________被......影響，使......悲痛haveanaffectionfor...對......喜愛haveaneffecton...______________________________例：不良的學習習慣會影響學習效率。Badlearninghabitscanaffecttheefficiencyofthestudy.這個消息令他深感難過。She______________________________thebadnews.這個外國人很喜歡中國文化。TheforeignerhasanaffectionforChineseculture.shelterv.保護，掩蔽n.避難所，收容所shelterfrom...躲避shelter...from...保護......免受......takeshelterfrom...躲避......例：他們在樹蔭下享受野餐。____________________________________________________________他們在一個廟里躲雨。Theytookshelterfromtheraininatemple.ruinn.廢墟v.毀掉，破壞______________________________破敗不堪，嚴重受損例：戰(zhàn)爭過后，這個城市成為一片廢墟。Afterthewar,______________________________正是這封郵件毀掉了一天的好心情。Itwastheemailthatruinedanentireday.trap（trappedtrapped）v.使落入險境，使陷入陷阱n.圈套，陷阱______________________________..被困于....../陷于......trap(doing)sth.誘騙某人(做)某事例：她被騙在這個文件上簽了字。She______________________________signingthepaper.這些動物被困在籠子里。Theseanimals_____________________________________________breathev.呼吸breathn.呼吸breathein/out______________________________catchone’sbreath恢復正常的呼吸______________________________屏住呼吸beoutofbreath____________________________________________________________深呼吸例：我們呼吸著涼爽的海風。Webreathedinthecoolseaair.深呼吸，冷靜下來。____________________________________________________________.effortn.努力，盡力______________________________(forsth.)為......努力，盡力______________________________.努力做某事sparenoefforttodosth.不遺余力做某事例：我們每個人都應該為和平盡力。Eachofusshould______________________________無論怎樣，我們應該努力開始。Anyway,weshouldmakeeffortstostart.sufferv.遭受sufferingn.苦難，痛苦sufferern.受難者______________________________遭受......sufferpain______________________________sufferadefeat遭受失敗suffergreatlosses____________________________________________________________心臟病發(fā)作例：她患有嚴重的背部疾病。Shesuffersfromaseriousbackache.你認為遭受地震的人們需要什么樣的幫助？Whatkindofhelpdoyouthinkpeoplewhohavesufferedanearthquakeneed?supplyv.供應n.供給，補給品______________________________=supplysth.tosb.給某人提供某物inshortsupply______________________________bewell/poorlysuppliedwithsth.某物供給充足/不足表示提供的短語：supplysth.=supplysth.tosb.providesth.=providesth.forsb.offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.例：這段時間電力供應不足。Electricity______________________________duringthisperiod.我們會為你提供最好的服務。Wewill______________________________you.survivev.幸存，繼續(xù)存在______________________________n.幸存，殘余物______________________________n.幸存者，生存者surviveon依靠......生存下來例：公司設法度過了危機。Thepanymanagedtosurvivethecrisis.一些鳥在人類的呵護下幸存了下來。Somebirdssurvivedunderhumancare.這場事故中無人幸存。Therewasnosurvivorintheaccident.aidn.幫助，援助v.幫助，援助givefirstaid進行急救withtheaidof...=______________________________在......的幫助下e/gotoone’said=etotheaidofsb.幫助某人aidsb.indoingsth.____________________________________________________________幫助某人做某事______________________________.在某方面幫助某人I.根據(jù)句意及漢語提示寫出正確單詞1.Theheavyrainhascaused_________(洪水)inmanypartsofthecountry.2.Workersbuilt_________(避難所)forsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.3.Itisimportanttokeep_________(鎮(zhèn)靜)inanemergency._________(揮手)toustoshowthatweshouldstaywherewewere._________(營救，救援)workhasfinishedbasically.6.Howtouse_________(電)safelyhasbeegeneralknowledgeinourvillage.7.Fromthenon,allsoldiersworethe_________(金屬)helmets.8.Canyoutellthemeaningofthiswordfromits_________(上下文)?9.Thereisonlyonethingthatpeoplecan'ttakeawayfromyou,andthatisyour_________(智慧).10.Smokingcan_________(損害)yourhealth.Unfortunately,onedeadchildwasfoundinthe_______(廢墟)almosttwohoursaftertheexplosion.Uponlandingontheairport,thefamilyheardthe_________(令人震驚的)news.Theyuseonlyonequarterofthe________(電)togiveoffthesamelight.Mostofthebuildingswerepletely_________(摧毀)intheearthquake.Thepoliceseta___________(陷阱)tocatchthethief.You'llhaveto_______(埋頭于)yourselfinyourstudiesifyouwanttopasstheentranceexaminations.Languageisacity;everyoneaddsa______(磚)fortheconstructionofthecity.Wesortalloftherubbishintopaper,plastic,________(金屬)，glassandothers.Thefactory________(遭受)severedamageinthefire.Asweallknow，without________(努力)nothingcanbeachieved.1.Adisaster()isaverybadaccidentsuchasanlifeearthquakeorafirethatkillsalotofpeople.2.Thetownwasdestroyedbythefloods()afterthestormrain3.Ahelicopter()isanaircraftwithlongbladesontopthatgoaroundveryfast.Itisabletostaystillintheairandtomovestraightupwardordownward.4.Unfortunately，therescue()carbrokedownonourwaytothefloodedarea.5.Don'tworryaboutthedamage()toyourcar.Iwillfixitupforyou.6.Hemanagedtosurvive()intheearthquakewhilealltheothermembersdied.7.Asweallknow,frogseatpestswhichdestroy()cropsandcarrydiseases.8.Noonecanchangeyou.Otherscanonlyaffect()you.9.Inthisworldnothingcanbesaidtobecertain,exceptdeath()winternights.10.Thecharitygaveshelter()topeopleonwinternights.11.Thebadweatherruined()ourtrip.Itwasagreatpity..12.Hehasneverrecoveredfromtheshock()ofyourbrother'sdeath.13.Davidhadacaraccidentayearagoandhassuffered()frombackpainfromthenon.14.Iwastrapped()intheheavyrainonthewaytoschoolyesterday.15.Withtheelectricity()cutoff，allthemachineshadtostopworking.16.Hebreathed()deeplybeforespeakingagain.17.Thoughtheymadeeveryeffort()toputoutthefire,manyhouseswereburnttotheground.18.Afterhedied,hewasburied()inhishometown.19.It'snaturalthatwegrowinwisdom()aswegrowolder.20.Itisusuallyeasiertopickoutthemeaningofaphraseinagivencontext().IV.單句語法填空1.Theoldmantookadeep______(breathe)，andbegantoclimbthestairs.2.Iwas______(shock)bythewayhetreatedhismother.3.Hisfatherhadwishedto_____(bury)intheseaafterhedied.4.He______(strike)thepoordog,whichhadeverdonehimseriousharm.5.Whatdoyouthinkwillhappenwhenfoodandpetrol______(supply)runout?6.Weallknowthatsomeofthoseearthquakescause______(power)tsunamis7.Weshallrememberthesacrificesofthe______(death)duringthebigfire.8.Iamgladtosaythenewruleswillbee______(effect)inthenext