2022年中考英語考點復習 八年級(下)　Units 1～2（教材知識梳理課件+練習）-2022年《三步?jīng)_刺中考•英語》之第1步重課本·理考點（人教版）

八年級(下)

Units1～2重點單詞1.matter,stomachache,foot,neck,stomach,throatfever,lie,rest,cough,X-ray,toothache,headache,break,hurt，passenger,off,onto,trouble,hit,herself,bandage,press,sick,knee,nosebleed,breathe,sunburned,ourselves,climber,risk,accident,situation,kilo,rock,knife,blood,mean,importance,decision,control,spirit,death,nurse.2.cheer,volunteer,sign,notice,lonely,several,strong,feeling,satisfaction,joy,owner,journey,raise,midnight,alone,repair,fix,broken,wheel,letter,Miss,disabled,blind,deaf,imagine,difficulty,open,door,carry,train,excited,training,kindness,clever,understand,change重點詞組1.haveacold,haveastomachache,liedown,takeone’stemperature,haveafever,takebreaks,getoff,toone’ssurprise,rightaway,getinto,think,twice,expect...to...,waitfor,agreeto...,thanksto...,intime,thinkabout,falldown,beusedto,takerisks(takearisk),runout(of),cutoff,getoutof,beincontrolof,beinterestedin,becauseof,saveone’slife,bereadytodosth.sothat,so...that...,theimportanceof,keepondoingsth.,giveup,havea...,feel...,hurtmy...,felldown,gothitby...,cutoneself2.

cleanup,cheerup,giveout,comeupwith,putoff,handout,callup,usedto,carefor,inthehospital,helptodosth.,letsb.dosth.,help(sb.)out,tryout,byoneself,attheageof,decidetodosth,cometrue,atthesametime,

putup,bebusywith,beworriedabout,raisemoneyfor,fixup,giveaway,takerafter,runoutof,besimilarto,setup,makeadifference,writealettertosb.,thankyoufor...,givesth.tosb.,afriendofmine,beexcitedabout,beableto,atonce

重點句子1.

①—What’sthematter(withyou/him...)? —...have/...has...

②—Do/Does...have....?—Yes,...do/does./No,...don’t./doesn’t.

③—Whatshould...do?—...should/shouldn’t...④—Should....? —Yes,...should./No,...Shouldn’t.2.①I’dliketohelphomelesspeople.

②Youcouldaskhospitalstoletyouvisitthekids...③I’verunoutofit.④

Itakeaftermymother.⑤Ifixupbikesandgivethemaway.重點語法1.①能正確使用“have+(a)+病癥”結(jié)構(gòu)談論健康問題②能正確使用情態(tài)動詞should/shouldn’t提出恰當建議2.

①

短語動詞

②動詞不定式口語交際1.能簡單談論事故傷害，急救等問題，并提出簡單的建議。2.能向別人提供幫助或提出如何幫助他人的建議。書面表達1.Writeaconversationbetweenanurseandastudentabouthealthandfirstaid.2.wheredoyouwantworkifyouareavolunter?1.What’sthematter?(教材P1圖片文字)該句型常用來詢問某人發(fā)生了什么不愉快的事情或者周圍發(fā)生了什么事情。用于健康話題時，旨在詢問某人哪里不舒服。其后可加介詞with,引出詢問的對象。拓展延伸：常用于詢問疾病、不適的表達還有：What’swrong(with)....?What’sthetrouble(with)...?Whathappened(to)...?

What’sthematter?Point回歸教材回歸教材2.Ihaveacold.(教材P1圖片文字)

haveacold感冒have在此處作及物動詞，意為“患病”，可與get或catch互換。cold前可用bad，heavy等詞修飾。Becausethetemperaturedroppedsharply,manystudentscaughtabadcold.Point【易錯警示】have表示“患病”時，不可用于進行時?；貧w教材3.Ihaveastomachache.(教材P1圖片文字)stomachache

n.胃痛；腹痛

Pointstomachache作名詞，由“stomach(胃；腹部)

+ache(疼痛)”構(gòu)成。Hehasabadstomachachebecauseofeatingtoomuch.tooth(牙齒)+ache=toothache（牙痛）head(頭)

+ache=headache（頭痛）back(背)+ache=backache（背痛）【拓展延伸】

“人體部位+ache”常表示“……痛”，常見的還有：回歸教材4.liedownandrest(教材P22b)

詞性

詞義過去式

過去分詞

現(xiàn)在分詞

動詞躺；位于laylainlying說謊liedliedlying

名詞謊言///lie的用法：回歸教材liedown

躺下PointDon’tlietome!=Don’ttellliestome!

Iliedown,relaxandthengetideas.

1....whenthedriversawanoldmanlyingonthesideoftheroad.

(教材P33a)seesb.doingsth.強調(diào)看到某個動作正在進行。seesb.dosth.

意為“看到某人做某事”，強調(diào)看到整個動作發(fā)生的全過程或經(jīng)常發(fā)生。seesb.doingsth.看到某人正在做某事Point回歸教材IsawTomplayingchesswiththeoldman.IsawJimgointothebankjustnow.2.Hegotoffandaskedthewomanwhathappened.(教材P33a)getoff多指從公交車、火車、飛機等空間較大的交通工具上下來，其反義短語為geton。getoff下車Point回歸教材Theygotoffthebusandwalkedaway.Shesaidgoodbyetohermotherandgotontheplane.【拓展延伸】

getin和get

outof指上/下小型交通工具，比如汽車、出租車等。getingetoutofgetongetoff3.Heexpectedmostorallofthepassengerstogetoffandwaitforthenextbus.(教材P33a)expectsb.todosth.預料某人會做某事；期望某人做某事Point回歸教材Iexpecttobebackwithinaweek.There’sthedoorbell—Iexpectthatitwillbemymother.【拓展延伸】expect的其他常見用法：expecttexpecttodosth.

預計/期待做某事expect+that從句預料……Ididn’texpecthimtostaysolong.

4.Buttohissurprise,theyallagreedtogowithhim.(教材P33a)agreetodosth.

同意做某事Point回歸教材WeagreedtogotoHongKongaftertheexam.【拓展延伸】與agree相關的短語：agreeto主要表示一方提出一項建議、安排、計劃等，另一方同意協(xié)作。agreewith表示同意某人或某人的意見、想法、分析、解釋等（即持同一觀點）。agreeon/upon指雙方經(jīng)過協(xié)商而取得一致意見或達成協(xié)議。5.ThankstoMr.Wangandthepassengers,themansavedbythedoctorsintime.(教材P33a)thanksto

多虧；由于Point回歸教材Thankstoothers’help,welivemuchmorehappilythanbefore.【拓展延伸】thanksfor(doing)sth.意為“因（做）某事而感謝你（們）”。Thanksforlendingmeyourumbrella.6.It’ssadthatmanypeopledon’twanttohelpothersbecausetheydon’twantanytrouble...(教材P33a)troublen.

問題；苦惱Point回歸教材Iknowyouhavetrouble,butIcandonothingforyou.【拓展延伸】trouble常用短語trouble在此處作不可數(shù)名詞。getintotrouble陷入麻煩、困境beintrouble處于困境之中havetrouble(in)doingsth.做某事有困難◆用“have/a(n)+疾病名稱”表示患病。表示疾病及事故傷害的語言特征

haveafever,haveacough,haveastomachache,getatoothache等?！粲谩癰e/feel+形容詞”表示不適，或用“get+動詞的過去

分詞形式”表示受傷。be/feeltired,be/feelsick,headfeelshot,gethurt,gethitbyaball等。

◆

用動詞take/get(以take更為常見）表達診治。takeone’stemperature,takesomemedicine,take/getanX-ray等?！粲胹ee或goto...表達就醫(yī)。seethedentist/doctor,gotoadoctor,goto(the)hospital等。

◆用動詞“hurt/cut/break+具體部位”等表示傷害。

hurtmyleg,cutherfinger,breakhimarm等。hurt/cut等動詞還可接用反身代詞進行反指，表示“傷著/切著某人自己了”。hurtmyself,cuthimself等?！粲们閼B(tài)動詞should或hadbetter表達建議。

Youshouldliedownandhavearest.He’dbettergotoadoctor.表示反射或強調(diào)的代詞叫作反身代詞。第一、二人稱的反身代詞由形容詞性物主代詞加后綴-self或-selves構(gòu)成，第三人稱的反身代詞由人稱代詞的賓格加后綴-self或-selves構(gòu)成。反身代詞的用法反身代詞Theyallseemedtobeenjoyingthemselves.Didyouhurtyourselfplayingsoccer?語法概述例句第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)myself我自己yourself你自己himself他自己herself她自己itself它自己復數(shù)ourselves我們自己yourselves你們自己themselves他（她、它）們自己特例：不定代詞one的反身代詞是oneself反身代詞的構(gòu)成反身代詞可放在及物動詞（短語）或介詞的后面作賓語，強調(diào)賓語和主語是相同的人或物。作及物動詞（短語）的賓語，常用于teach,hurt,enjoy,dress,buy,help,lookafter,takecareof等后面。反身代詞作賓語Wemustlookafterourselvesverywell.我們必須好好照顧自己。Tomtaughthimselfmath.湯姆自學了數(shù)學。12作介詞的賓語，常用于by,except,to,for等后面。Marysaidtoherself,“WhatshouldIdo?”瑪麗自言自語：“我該怎么辦呢？”Theoldmanlivesbyhimselfinthecountryside.這位老人一個人生活在鄉(xiāng)下。Ineverthoughtthathehimselfwouldcome.我從來沒有想過他會親自來。Ispoketothemanagerhimself.

我和經(jīng)理本人談過了。反身代詞在句中通常作名詞、代詞的同位語，譯作“本身；親自”。反身代詞作主語的同位語時，應放在主語之后或句子末尾；作賓語的同位語時，應放在賓語之后。作從句的主語he的同位語作賓語manager的同位語反身代詞作同位語反身代詞放在be動詞,feel,look,seem等系動詞后作表語，可以用來描述身體或精神狀態(tài)。反身代詞作表語I’mnotmyselftoday.

今天我感覺不舒服。I’mfeelingmyselfagain.我覺得健康如昔。(all)byoneself獨自，單獨enjoyoneself玩得高興；過得愉快foroneself親自；為自己dressoneself給自己穿衣服helponeselfto…隨便吃/用……teachoneself自學loseoneselfin沉浸于hurtoneself傷著自己含有反身代詞的一些固定短語反身代詞表自身，句中用法可三分。動介后面用作賓，表示動作回自身。句中強調(diào)同位語，主語賓語后邊跟。巧學妙記反身代詞的用法情態(tài)動詞should意為“應該；應當”，其后接動詞原形，且沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。其否定形式是在should后加not。情態(tài)動詞should的用法should疑問句：Shouldwegonow?否定句：Youshouldn’t

eatsomuch.陳述句：Youshould

havearest.語法概述例句1.表示征詢意見和提出建議情態(tài)動詞should的用法ShouldIputthebaghere?我應該把包放在這里嗎？Weshoulddosportseveryday.我們應該每天做運動。2.表示推測Heshouldbeapoliceman.他應該是一名警察。Sam

shouldbeinthelibrary.薩姆應該在圖書館。3.表示義務或責任Weshouldstudyhard.我們應該努力學習。Youshouldfinishyourhomeworkthisevening.你應該在今晚完成你的家庭作業(yè)。4.表示拒絕、憤怒或驚奇等，常用于疑問句或感嘆句中。Whyshouldhedothat?他為何做出那種事情？1.Didyoufalldown?(教材P44c)falldown為不及物動詞短語，其后不能直接跟賓語。falldownfrom表示“從……摔下”，相當于falloff。falldown

摔倒；摔下Point回歸教材Littlebabiesoftenfalldownwhentheyarelearningtowalk.Duringautumn,theleaveschangecolorandfalldownfrom(=falloff)thetrees.1.Runinunderwater.(教材P51a)run在此處作動詞，表示“（液體）流動”。

run

v.流淌；流動Point回歸教材Waterwasrunningalloverthebathroomfloor.run跑；奔跑管理；經(jīng)營行駛操作；運轉(zhuǎn)Heisrunningtowardsthedoor.Hehasnoideahowtorunabusiness.BusNo.61runstothecitycenter.Couldyourunthecarforamoment.2.Someonefeltsick.(教材P51b)sick作形容詞，意為“生病的；有病的”。sickleave意為“病假”。sick

adj.生病的；有病的Point回歸教材Ifyouareunhappy,you’lleasilygetsick.Sheaskedforsickleavebecauseshehadabadcold.【特別提醒】sick和ill都有“生病的”的意思，但sick可以充當定語或表語，而ill通常作表語。Sheisill/sickinbed.Heaskedfortwoweeks’leavetolookafterhissickfather.【拓展延伸】sick還有“惡心；厭倦的”意思。feelsick

感到惡心besickof

厭倦……Assoonastheshipstartedmoving,Ibegantofeelsick.Sheissickofherpresentjob.3.toldhimtorest(教材P51c)tellsb.todosth.

告訴某人做某事Point回歸教材tellsb.todosth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，其否定形式為tellsb.nottodosth.

“告訴某人不要做某事”。Hetoldmetoleaveanoteonthedesk.Thisstorytellsusnottofoolourselves.1.AronRalstonisanAmericanmanwhoisinterestedinmountainclimbing.(教材P62b)beinterestedin為固定短語，其后可以接名詞、代詞或v-ing形式作賓語。beinterestedin對……感興趣Point回歸教材LiLeiisinterestedinEnglishandhewatchesBBCNewseveryday.Hewasinterestedinplayingsoccerwhenhewasyoung.2.Asamountainclimber,Aronisusedtotakingrisks.

(教材P62b)beusedto后接名詞、代詞或v-ing形式作賓語。短語中的be還可以換為get，get強調(diào)動作而be強調(diào)狀態(tài)。beusedto習慣于……；適應于……PointI’musedtogettingupearly.Youwillsoonbe/getusedtotheweatherhere.回歸教材3.ThereweremanytimeswhenAronalmostlosthislifebecauseofaccident.(教材P62b)becauseof因為Pointbecauseof介詞短語后可接名詞、代詞或v-ing形式作賓語Sarahwaslateforschoolbecauseoftheheavyrain.because連詞后接句子Hedidn’tgotoschoolbecausehewasill.becauseof和because的區(qū)別回歸教材4.Butwhenhiswaterranout,heknewthathewouldhavetodosomethingtosavehisownlife.(教材P62b)runout用盡；耗盡回歸教材runout不及物動詞短語，其后不接賓語。其主語通常是time,money等無生命的事物。runoutof及物動詞短語，后面可以接賓語。其主語通常是人。runout與runoutof兩個短語的意思都是“用盡”，但具體用法不同：Hismoneysoonranout.=Hesoonranoutofhismoney.Point14.Butwhenhiswaterranout,heknewthathewouldhavetodosomethingtosavehisownlife.(教材P62b)動詞不定式短語作目的狀語回歸教材本句中的tosavehisownlife為動詞不定式短語，在句中作目的狀語。動詞不定式短語既可位于句首，也可位于句末。如果置于句首，需要用逗號隔開。Thegovernmentissettingupnatureparkstohelpprotectpandas.Todrawmapswell,youneedaspecialpen.Point25.Hewasnotreadytodiethatday.(教材P62b)1)bereadytodosth.在此處意為“準備好做某事”，其同義短語為getreadytodosth.。be強調(diào)狀態(tài)，get強調(diào)動作。bereadytodosth.準備好做某事；愿意做某事Point回歸教材I’mreadytopickyouup.2)bereadytodosth.還可意為“愿意做某事”。I’mreadytoansweryourquestions.Wearegettingreadyforthecompetition.I’vebeenreadyformakingdinner.【拓展延伸】be/getreadyfor意為“為……做準備”。其中for為介詞，其后跟名詞、代詞或v-ing形式。6.Then,withhisleftarm,hebandagedhimselfsothathewouldnotlosetoomuchblood.(教材P62b)with和in都可表示“用”的意思，其區(qū)別如下：with

prep.用；使用Point回歸教材with用(工具、手段等）Pleasecuttheapplewithaknife.in用(語言、聲音、材料等）PleaseretellthefairytaleinEnglish.語境串記：Youshouldwriteyourhomeworkinink,notwithapencil.7.Thismeansbeinginadifficultsituationthatyoucannotseemtogetoutof.(教材P62b)1)mean在此處作動詞，意為“意思是”，其名詞形式為meaning，意為“意思”。Whatdo/does…mean?=What’sthemeaningof…?

意為“……是什么意思？”meanv.

意思是；打算；意欲Point回歸教材Whatdoesthiswordmean?=What’sthemeaningofthisword?2)mean作動詞，還可表示“打算；意欲”。meantodosth.“打算做某事”。Wemeantovisityoutomorrow.8.Hisloveformountainclimbingissogreatthathekeptonclimbingmountainsevenafterthisexperience.(教材P62b)so...that...引導結(jié)果狀語從句。so為副詞，后面常接形容詞或副詞的原級。so...that...如此……以至于Point回歸教材Herunssofastthatwecan’tcatchupwithhim.知識鏈接：sothat意為“以便；為了”，引導目的狀語從句。此時從句中常含有can,could,may,might,will,would,should等情態(tài)動詞。You’dbettertakethemapwithyousothatyouwon’tgetlost.9.Hisloveformountainclimbingissogreatthathekeptonclimbingmountainsevenafterthisexperience.(教材P62b)keepondoingsth.繼續(xù)做某事Point回歸教材Keeponlearningaslongasyoulive.【拓展延伸】keep的其他常見用法：keep(sb.)doingsth.（讓某人）一直做某事keepsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事keepsb./sth.+adj.使某人/某物保持……狀態(tài)OurteacherkeptPangpangcopyingwords.Theheavyrainkeptusfromgoingtoschool.Wemustkeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.1.Theboycouldgiveoutfoodatthefoodbank.(教材P91b)giveout在此處相當于handout，是“動詞+副詞”型短語。giveout分發(fā)；散發(fā)

Point回歸教材Theteacherisgivingoutbookstotheclass.Canyouseethepapersonthedesk?Givethemouttothestudents.【拓展延伸】（1）

giveout的其他含義：①發(fā)出（光、熱等）Thesungivesoutlightandheattotheearth.②

耗盡；用盡Aftertwohours,herpatiencegaveout.（2）

由give構(gòu)成的其他常用短語：givegiveaway捐贈；泄露givein屈服giveup放棄giveback歸還giveoff發(fā)出；放出2.Wecan’tputoffmakingaplan.(教材P102b)putoff通常指會議、活動等未能按預定的時間舉行，后面可接名詞、代詞或動詞-ing形式作賓語。putoff推遲

Point回歸教材Wouldyoumindifweputitoffuntiltomorrow?【拓展延伸】

與put相關的短語還有：putputdown

放下；寫下put...into投入(時間、心思等）putout熄滅putaway把……放回原處puton穿上；上演；體重增加putup張貼;搭建;舉起3.Wecouldeachcallup10studentsandaskthemtocome.

(教材P102b)callup打電話給（某人）；征召Point回歸教材Forgivemeforcallingyouupsoearlyplease.(1)callup在此處意為“打電話給（某人）”，是“動詞+副詞”型短語。Hewascalledupatthebeginningofthewar.(2)callup還可意為“征召”。callcallfor要求；去接（某人）callonsb.

（短暫地）訪問callback

回電話callin召來；叫來【拓展延伸】含call的其他常見短語4.Theytolemestoriesaboutthepastandhowthingsusedtobe.(教材P102d)usedto表示過去一度存在或經(jīng)常發(fā)生，但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不存在的動作或狀態(tài)。其后接動詞原形，且不與表示過去的時間狀語連用。usedto的否定形式是didn’tuseto或usednotto(usedn’tto)。usedto曾經(jīng)……；過去……

Point回歸教材Heusedtobeateacher.Hedidn’tusetowearglasses.=Heusedn’ttowearglasses.【拓展延伸】

beusedtodoingsth.意為“習慣做某事”，to

在此處為介詞。Marioisusedtovolunteeringatananimalhospitalnow.5.①Yeah,alotofoldpeoplearelonely.(教材P102d)

②Iwanttotravelalone.(教材P124c)lonelyadj.孤獨的；寂寞的

aloneadv.獨自；單獨Point回歸教材

lonely形容詞意為“孤獨的；寂寞的”，指情感上的孤獨，帶有傷感的色彩。（①句中用法）意為“荒涼的；偏僻的”，通常用于名詞前作定語alone副詞意為“獨自；單獨”，相當于byoneself。（②句中用法）強調(diào)沒有同伴的客觀情況，不含感情色彩。形容詞意為“單獨的；獨自的”，常用作表語。Theoldmanlivesalone,buthedoesn’tfeellonely.Atadarknight,amancametoalonelyvillage.Theboywasveryshy,andhewasaloneallthetime.

lonely形容詞意為“孤獨的；寂寞的”，指情感上的孤獨，帶有傷感的色彩。（①句中用法）意為“荒涼的；偏僻的”，通常用于名詞前作定語alone副詞意為“獨自；單獨”，相當于byoneself。（②句中用法）強調(diào)沒有同伴的客觀情況，不含感情色彩。形容詞意為“單獨的；獨自的”，常用作表語。6.Weshouldlistentothemandcareforthem.

(教材P102d)carefor照顧；非常喜歡Point回歸教材Themothercaredforthesickchilddayandnight.(1)carefor在此處意為“照顧”，相當于lookafter

或takecareof。Hedoesn’tcareforclassicalmusic.(2)carefor還可意為“非常喜歡”，常與not連用。carecarefor照顧；非常喜歡careabout

關心；在意takecare當心；小心takecareof照顧【歸納總結(jié)】

與care相關的短語：1.MarioGreenandMaryBrownfromRiversideHighSchoolgiveupsveralhourseachweektohelpothers.(教材P113a)each

det.&pron.各個；每個Pointeach與every，兩者均可表示“每個”，但用法不同:each強調(diào)個性，著眼于個體。用于單數(shù)名詞前，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。用于復數(shù)主語后，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。each

of后接復數(shù)名詞或代詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。every強調(diào)共性，著眼于整體。用于單數(shù)名詞前，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。不能與of連用?；貧w教材Eachstudenthasabook.Theyeachhavetenbooks.Eachofushasagift.Everymemberinmyfamilylikesexercising.【特別提醒】each不能與almost,nearly,not等搭配，而every可以。Almosteverycakewassold.Noteverystudentwentonholiday.2.IgetsuchastrongfeelingofsatisfactionwhenIseetheanimalsgetbetterandthelookofjoyontheirowners’faces.(教材P113a)satisfaction

n.滿足；滿意PointYoursupportandsatisfactionarethebestreplytoourservice.satisfaction

一般用作不可數(shù)名詞?！就卣寡由臁縮atisfaction的相關詞匯：satisfy

v.使?jié)M意；滿足satisfied

adj.

滿意的；滿足的satisfaction

n.

滿意；滿足besatisfiedwith對……感到滿意回歸教材3.Shecouldreadbyherselfattheageoffour.(教材P113a)byoneself

獨自；單獨；獨立地Hewalkedforawhilebyhimselfinthegarden.Allthestudentsfinishedtheirexercisesbythemselves.byoneself相當于alone或onone’sown。Point1回歸教材3.Shecouldreadbyherselfattheageoffour.(教材P113a)Hebecameadoctorattheageof27(=atage27/at27).attheageof

在……歲時attheageof后直接跟基數(shù)詞，相當于“atage+基數(shù)詞”或“at+基數(shù)詞”。Bytheageofsevenhecouldwritebeautifully.【拓展延伸】bytheageof意為“在某歲數(shù)之前；到……歲時”。Point2回歸教材4.Lastyear,shedecidedtotryoutforavolunteerafter-schoolreadingprogram.(教材P113a)回歸教材Whydon’tyoutryoutforthebasketballteam?tryout參加……選拔；試用（1）tryout在此處意為“參加……選拔”，與介詞for連用。Doyouwanttotryoutthisnewproduct?（2）tryout還有“試用”的意思。Point1.I’mmakingsomesignstoputuparoundtheschool.(教材P12)putup

張貼Point回歸教材AttheSpringFestival,peopleputup“Fu”ondoorsorwindows.putup建造；搭建【拓展延伸】

putup的其他常用含義：提出(建議等)舉起Hewentcampingwithusandtaughtushowtoputupatent.Putupyourhandifyouknowtheanswer.I’dliketoputupanideaforthetask.短語動詞是由動詞加介詞、副詞或其他詞構(gòu)成的固定詞組或習語（idioms），其作用和動詞差不多。有些短語動詞相當于及物動詞，有些則相當于不及物動詞。語法概述短語動詞常見短語動詞的類型和用法相當于及物動詞，后面必須有賓語，且賓語只能位于介詞之后。lookafter照顧

lookat看 carefor非常喜歡；照顧thinkabout考慮 agreewith同意 waitfor等待Iagreewithwhatyousaid.Hecaredforhermorethansherealized.動詞+介詞動詞+副詞①可看作及物動詞，名詞作賓語時，可位于動詞與副詞之間或副詞之后；代詞作賓語時；只能位于動詞與副詞之間。②有的也可看作不及物動詞。cheerup振奮起來

cleanup打掃干凈giveup

放棄putoff推遲takeaway

拿走fixup

修理

turndown

調(diào)低；拒絕Thisisanewword.You’dbetterlookitupinthedictionary.It’stoonoisy.PleaseturndowntheTV.=It’stoonoisy.PleaseturntheTVdown.相當于及物動詞，賓語位于介詞之后。catchupwith趕上 comeupwith想出lookforwardto期望 runoutof用完，耗盡Heworkedhardtocatchupwithhisclassmates.I’mlookingforwardtotheweekend.動詞+副詞+介詞相當于及物動詞，名詞前可加形容詞說明程度，賓語位于介詞之后。makefunof取笑

makeuseof

利用

payattentionto注意takecareof照顧

makefriendswith與……交往It’simpolitetomakefunofyourclassmate.Wecouldmakebetteruseofourresources.動詞+名詞+介詞Pleaseunderlinetheinfinitivestructures.I’dliketohelphomelesspeople.Shedecidedtotryoutforavolunteerafter-schoolreadingprogram.Youcouldaskhospitalstoletyouvisitthekidsandcheerthemup.Mariobelievesitcanhelphimtogethisfuturedreamjob.Shevolunteersthereonceaweektohelpkidslearntoread.I’mmakingsomesignstoputuparoundtheschool.I’dliketodoasksb.todovolunteer…todolearntododecidetodohelpsb.todomake…todoletsb.dohelpsb.do動詞不定式的基本形式是“to+動詞原形”，有時to可省略。它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句中不能作謂語。其否定形式為“notto+動詞原形”。語法概述動詞不定式動詞不定式的用法常接動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：想要拒絕

忘記(want,refuse,forget)

需要

努力

學習(need,try,learn）

選擇

同意

幫助(choose,agree,help）希望

決定

開始(hope/wish/expect,decide,begin/start）LilywantstofindajobasanEnglishteacherinBeijing.Hedecidedtohelpthehomeless.動詞不定式作賓語常接動詞不定式作賓補的動詞有：ask,tell,want,teach,wish,help,warn,invite,encourage等。Samaskedmetohelphim.Theteacheralwaystellsusnottoswimintheriver.動詞不定式作賓語補足語動詞不定式作目的狀語，可以放在句首，一般用逗號與后面的內(nèi)容隔開，也可以放在句尾。Togetthereontime,theystartedearly.動詞不定式作目的狀語動詞不定式作主語時，通常表示一個具體的、特定的行為，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Toknowoneself

isdifficult.

人能自知，實屬不易。動詞不定式作主語動詞不定式作定語時通常要放在所修飾詞之后。Mydutyistolookaftertheanimals.Whowasthefirstonetoarrive?動詞不定式作表語動詞不定式作定語使用動詞不定式需要注意的幾個問題不定式（短語）作主語時，常由it代替它作形式主語，而將不定式放到謂語的后面。主要有三種情況。（1）Itis+名詞+todosth.It’sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.（2）Ittakessb.+sometime+todosth.Ittakesustwohourstofinishthework.

1（3）Itis+形容詞(easy,important,difficult,foolish,right,wrong...)(+for/ofsb.)+todosth.Itisnoteasytocatchfishwithyourhandsonly.Itisveryimportantforyoungpeopletomastertwoforeignlanguages.Itiscleverofyoutodothat.使用動詞不定式需要注意的幾個問題feel,find,make,think等動詞后如果是不定式作賓語，賓語補足語是形容詞或名詞，常用it作形式賓語，把不定式放到賓語補足語之后。

2Ifinditnecessarytohavebreakfast.使用動詞不定式需要注意的幾個問題有一些動詞后用作賓語補足語不定式通常不帶to，這樣的動詞主要有三看(see,watch,notice)、三讓(let,make,have)、二聽(hear,listento)、一感覺(feel)。Didyounoticeherleavethehouse?Isawhergetintothecar.Hisparentsmakehimsweepthefloor.Theteachersoftenhelpus(to)solveproblems.【特別提醒】：動詞不定式在help后作賓補時，可帶to也可不帶to。

31.Itakeaftermymother.(教材P131a)takeafter著重指因有血緣關系而相像，其同義短語是besimilarto。takeafter是“動詞+介詞”型短語，無論是名詞還是代詞作賓語，都位于after后面。takeafter（外貌或行為）像

Point回歸教材Theboyseemstotakeafterhisfather.【拓展延伸】looklike意為“看上去像……”，多指外貌上像。Lucylookslikeherauntverymuch.2.Igaveitaway.(教材P131a)giveaway是“動詞+副詞”構(gòu)成的短語。giveaway贈送；捐贈Point回歸教材Therichmangaveawaymostofhismoneytocharity.【拓展延伸】giveaway還有“頒發(fā)；泄露”之意。Theheadmastergaveawaytheprizesontheschoolsportsday.Shewouldgivenothingaway.她會守口如瓶。3.Jimmyfixesupbrokenbicycleparts,likewheels.(教材P131d)broken在此處作形容詞，可在句中作表語或定語。broken

adj.破損的；殘缺的Point回歸教材Myrulerisbroken.CanIborrowyours?Couldyouhelpmefixupthebrokenchair?作表語作定語1.I’msureyouknowthatthisgroupwassetuptohelpdisabledpeoplelikeme.(教材P142b)disabled作形容詞，thedisable意為“殘疾人”，表示復數(shù)概念。disabledadj.喪失能力的；有殘疾的回歸教材Hewasborndisabledbuthedidn’tgiveup.Iworkedasavolunteertohelpthedisabled.【拓展延伸】一些詞加否定前綴dis-可以構(gòu)成它的反義詞，如：agree(同意)—disagree(不同意)appear(出現(xiàn))—disappear(消失)honest(誠實的)—dishonest(不誠實的)Point2.YouhelpedtomakeitpossibleformetohaveLucky.(教材P142b)該結(jié)構(gòu)中it作形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的動詞不定式短語。makeit+adj.+forsb.todosth.使做某事對某人來說……

Point回歸教材HishelpmakesiteasyformetolearnEnglish.【拓展延伸】除make外，常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的還有think,find等。Ithinkitusefulforustomasteraforeignlanguage.Wefinditdifficultforustofinishthistaskbyourselves.3.Orimagineyoucan’twalkoruseyourhandseasily.(教材P142b)imagine作動詞，一般不用于進行時。其用法如下。imagine

v.想象；設想Point回歸教材【拓展延伸】imagination作名詞，意為“想象力；想象”。imagineimagine+名詞/代詞想象……imagine(sb.)doingsth.想象(某人)做某事imagine+從句想象Canyouimaginelifewithoutelectricity?Shecouldn’timaginelivinginaplacelikethat.Canyouimaginethatwecouldbuildabeautifulcitywithrubbish?4.Ican’tusemyarmsorlegswell,sonormalthingslikeansweringthetelephone,openingandclosingdoors,orcarryingthingsaredifficultforme.(教材P142b)carryv.拿；提；扛Point回歸教材【易混辨析】

carry,take,bring與getcarry拿;