2023學(xué)年完整公開課版BookUnitGrammar

GrammarDirectandindirectspeech

(Statementsandquestions)直接引語(Directspeech)：講述別人的原話，并把它放在引號里。

間接引語(Indirectspeech)：用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，并且不能用引號。間接引語在多數(shù)情況下構(gòu)成賓語從句Annesaid:“Iamcrazyaboutnature.”(Directspeech)Shesaidthatshewascrazyaboutnature.(Indirectspeech)

直接引語變間接引語若干要點(diǎn)

一、直接引語變間接引語的人稱變化規(guī)則

二、間接引語中的時態(tài)變化規(guī)則

三、一般疑問句和特殊疑問句的句型變化

四、直接引語變間接引語的其他變化1.人稱的變化

直接引語里的第一人稱和第二人稱，變間接引語時，人稱要做相應(yīng)調(diào)整。1.Shesaid:“Iamhungry.”Shesaidshe

washungry.2.Mumsaidtome:“Youcandoityourself.”Mumtoldmethat

I

coulddoitmyself.

3.Mr.Smithsaid,“Heisagoodworker.’’Mr.Smithsaidthathewasagoodworker.

1.Jacksaidtome,“Youlookworriedtoday.”

Jacktoldmethat__lookedworriedthatday.

2.Wesaidtoher,“They’recleaningtheroom.”

Wetoldherthat____werecleaningtheroom.

3.Mr.Blacksaid,“Ihavewalkedalongway.”Mr.Blacksaidthat__hadwalkedalongway.

I

theyhe2.時態(tài)變化

直接引語變間接引語時，間接引語的時態(tài)要與主句的時態(tài)一致。Hesays:“Itreatyouasmyson.”Hesaysthat

hetreatsmeashisson.1.主句為一般現(xiàn)在時,現(xiàn)在完成時或一般將來時的時候,間接引語時態(tài)不變。直接引語(變化前)間接引語(變化后)一般現(xiàn)在時“Iknowit,”hesaid.一般過去時Hesaidheknewit.2.當(dāng)主句為過去時,從句要跟著相應(yīng)的變化。

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時“I’m

makingcoffeeforyouall,”shesaid.過去進(jìn)行時Shesaidshewas

makingcoffeeforusall.直接引語(變化前)間接引語(變化后)現(xiàn)在完成時“Ihaveseenherbefore,”saidhe.過去完成時Hesaidhehadseenherbefore.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時Hesaid,“Ihavebeen

doingitforhours.”過去完成進(jìn)行時Hesaidhehadbeen

doingitforhours.直接引語(變化前)間接引語(變化后)一般過去時“IsawherlastMonday,”hesaid.過去完成時HesaidhehadseenherthepreviousMonday.

過去進(jìn)行時“IwaswaitingforJim,”shesaid.過去完成進(jìn)行時ShesaidshehadbeenwaitingforJim.直接引語(變化前)間接引語(變化后)一般將來時Hesaid:“Weshallstarttomorrow.”過去將來時Hesaidtheywouldstartthenextday.過去完成時“Rickhadbeenillformanydaystillhedied.”Jacksaid.過去完成時JacksaidRickhadbeenillformanydaystillhedied.

一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時一般將來時一般過去時一般過去時過去完成時過去進(jìn)行時過去將來時過去完成時過去完成進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時過去完成時不變1.“Itisreallycold,”shesaidtome.Shetoldmethatit____reallycold.was2.“Idon’twanttogotherewithAlice,”saidTom.Tomsaidthathe______wanttogotherewithAlice.didn’t3.Theboysaid:“Iwill

beapilot.”Theboysaidthathe________apilot.”wouldbe4.Tomsaid,“Wearelisteningtomusic.”Tomsaidthatthey______________music.

werelisteningto5.Mikesaid,“Ihavefinishedmyhomework.”Mikesaid_____________hishomework.hehadfinished由直接引語轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語，下列情況時態(tài)不變:→Theteachersaidthatwaterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.Theteachersaid:“Waterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.”

1.

不變的真理2.

經(jīng)常的習(xí)慣：Hesaidtothedoctor,“Ismoketwopackseveryday.”→Hetoldthedoctorthathesmokestwopackseveryday.3.

直接引語為一般過去時并且與具體時間狀語連用：Theteachersaid,“Iwasbornin1945.”

→Theteachersaidshewasbornin1945.4.部分情態(tài)動詞,如must,oughtto,usedto,hadbetter等：

Shesaidtome:“Youmusthurryup.”→ShesaidthatImusthurryup.1.Ourteachersaid,“Light

travels

muchfasterthansound.”O(jiān)urteachersaidthatlight______muchfasterthansound.travels2.“I

graduated

in1966.”Mybrothersaid.

Mybrothersaidthathe______in1966.graduated3Exercises1.Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Theearthisround.”

2.Myfathersaidtome,“Iwasbornin1961.”3.Hesaid,”Iwillcomeherethisevening.”

Theteachertoldthestudentsthattheearthisround.Myfathertoldmethathewasbornin1961.Hesaidhewouldcomeherethisevening.陳述句變間接引語1.直接引語轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語時,從句由 that引導(dǎo),可省略;主句動詞為一般將 來時或現(xiàn)在時,從句動詞時態(tài)不變。1.Sheoftensays,“Allmenandwomenareequal.”Sheoftensays

(that)allmenandwomenare

equal.2.“I

likereadingstories,”saidJohn.Johnsaidthat

heliked

readingstories.2.直接引語轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語時，人稱要 進(jìn)行相應(yīng)變化；且主句動詞為一般過 去時時，從句動詞時態(tài)應(yīng)為過去時的 相應(yīng)時態(tài)。疑問句變間接引語一般疑問句Theyasked,“Isiteasytosolvetheproblem?”Theyaskedif/whetheritis

easytosolvetheproblem

wasTheyaskedif

itwaseasytosolvetheproblem.選擇疑問句

Iasked,“Willyoutakeabusortakeatrain?”Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakeabusortakeatrain.用whether/if…or…表達(dá)4特殊疑問句Heasked,“Whendoyouharvestthewheat?”Heaskedwhenyouharvestthewheat.weharvestedTheyaskedwhenweharvestedthewheat.疑問句變?yōu)殚g接引語時：用陳述語序；由whether/if或特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)；人稱、時態(tài)和狀語等也要作相應(yīng)地變化。

直接引語

間接引語時間狀語nowtodaythisweekyesterdaylastweekfourdaysagotomorrownextmonththedayaftertomorrowthedaybeforeyesterdaythenthatdaythatweekthedaybeforetheweekbeforefourdaysbeforethenextdaythenextmonthintwodays’timetwodaysbefore3.其他變化

直接引語

間接引語指示代詞地點(diǎn)狀語方向性動詞

thisthatthesethoseherethere

come

gobringtake1.“Whatdoesthiswordmean?”sheaskedme.Sheaskedmewhat

wordmeant.that2.“Canyouseethatmaponthewall?”heaskedme.HeaskedmeifIcouldsee______maponthewall.that3.“Doyoulikethesetoys?”Janeaskedus.Janeaskedusifweliked_______toys.those4.“Bringthoseballstome.”saidmysister.Mysisteraskedustobring________ballstoher.those51.Theteacheraskedthegirl,“Whyareyoucryinghere?”Theteacheraskedthegirl___________crying_____.2.“Whenwilltheplanetakeoff?”Iwondered.Iwondered_________________________.whyshewastherewhentheplanewouldtakeoffExerciseI3.“Haveyouseenourplaneyourself?”heaskedtheboy.Heaskedtheboy_____________________plane_______.

whetherhehadseentheirhimself4.Theteacheraskedher,“Doesthesun riseintheeast?” Theteacheraskedher________the sun_____intheeast.whetherrisesReviewtherulesofdirectspeechandindirectspeech.1.Jacksaidtome,“Youlookworriedtoday.”Jacktoldmethat___worried___.A.helooks…todayB.youlook…todayC.welooked…thatdayD.Ilooked…thatdayExerciseII2.Wesaidtoher,“They’rewalkingthroughthestreetnow.”Wetoldherthat___throughthestreet___.

A.wewerewalking…thenB.youarewalking…nowC.theywerewalking…thenD.theywalking…now3.MrBlacksaid,“Ihavewalkedalongwaythisweek.”MrBlacksaidthat__alongway__.Ihadwalked…lastweekB.hehadwalked…thatweekC.Iwalked…lastweekD.hehaswalked…thisweek4.Themanthought,“Ishalltakeitbacktomorrow.”Themanthoughtthat__takeitback____.A.Ishall…tomorrowB.Ishall…thenextdayC.heshould…tomorrowD.hewould…thenextday5.Theysaidtous,“Areyouafraidtoleavethishouse?”Theyaskedus____afraidtoleave_____house.A.thatwerewe…thisB.thatwewere…thatC.ifwerewe…thisD.ifwewere…that6.Janesaid,“Whatdidhehearaboutaweekago?”Janeasked____about_____.A.thatheheard…aweekagoB.whathehadheard…theweekbeforeC.whathehadherd…aweekagoD.ifheheard…theweekago7.Sheasked,“Whosehousewillhebreakintonexttime?”Sheaskedwhosehouse____breakinto_____.A.willhe…nexttimeB.wouldhe…thenexttimeC.hewould…thenexttimeD.hewill…nexttime8.Jacksaidtoher,“Wheredoyouspendyourholidays?”Jackaskedherwhere____holidays.shespentherB.youspendyourC.shespendherD.youspentyour9.Blackaskedme,“Whyhaven’tyoulefthereyet?”Blackaskedmewhy____yet.Ihadn’tleftthereB.Ihaven’tlefthereC.hadn’tIleftthereD.haven’tIlefthere

10.Theteacheraskedher,“Doesthesunriseintheeast?”Theteacheraskedher___thesun___intheeast.A.if…riseB.if…risesC.whether…roseD.whetherdid…riseGoodbye!Thankyou!Relatedexercises:Heasked____fortheviolin.DidIpayhowmuch B.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchd