緒論細(xì)菌基本性狀

MedicalMicrobiologyWestChinaSchoolofPreclinicalandForensicMedicine

Dept.ofmedicalMicrobiologyLIWanyi（李婉宜）IntroductionMicroorganisms(Microbes)MicrobiologyMedicalMicrobiologyI.MicroorganismsMicroorganismsaredistributedallovertheworld.Toosmalltobeseenbythenakedeye,itisnecessarytousemicroscopetoexaminethem.1.1definition

1.2Characteristics

（1）Verysmallbodiesandsimplystructure.（2）Tomultiplerapidlyandmutanteasily.（3）MultiTypeandwidespread

acellularMicrobe

ProkaryoticMicrobe

EukaryoticMicrobe

1.3Classificationvirusbacteria，actinomyces，rickettsia，chlamydia，mycoplasma，spirochete

fungi

2.DistributionofmicroorganismsAirSoilWaterAnimalsHumanbody3.MicroorganismsandHumanBeingsMostmicrobesareofbenefittohumanbeings,somearenecessaryThecycleofmaterials2.Industrialproduction3.Agricultureproduction4.Medicalindustry.5.Geneticengineering.CycleofnitrogenCycleofcarbonGeneticengineeringAportionofmicrobescausediseasesandarepoisonoustohuman4.MicrobiologyItisabioscienceforthestudyoftheevolution,Classification,morphology,physiology,genetics,ecology,thelawoftheirlifeactivities,andtheirinteractionwithhumanbeing,animalsorplantsaswellaswithnaturalenvironment.5.MedicalMicrobiologyThemedicalmicrobiologyisoneoftheessentialbasicsciencesformedicine.ItisthestudyofBiologicalcharacteristicsofmicrobe,Pathogenicmechanism,ImmunologicmechanismandDiagnosis,Prevent,andTreatmentofinfectiousdisease.HistoryofMedicalMicrobiologyExperiencephaseExperimentalphaseModernphaseExperiencephaseExperimentalphaseLeeuwenhoekPasturKochListerIsolationFromthepatientsbutnothealthypeopleGrowthObtainpurecultureInducedisease

InfectsusceptibleanimalsRe-isolationFromthesusceptibleanimalsKoch'spostulates

ModernphaseEmergingandRe-emergingpathogenicmicroorganismBacterialgenomesequencing

Vaccinestudy

DevelopmentofMedicalMicrobiology新現(xiàn)及再現(xiàn)病原微生物的研究病原微生物致病機(jī)制的研究建立標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的微生物學(xué)診斷方法及技術(shù)抗感染免疫的理論及應(yīng)用研究（研制新疫苗）抗感染藥物的研究與開發(fā)關(guān)注極端環(huán)境中的微生物，開發(fā)利用微生物資源Chapter1BasicCharactersofbacteriaBacterialShapeandStructure

1.

SizeofbacteriaUnitformeasurement:

Micronor

micrometer(μm)

Size:

Varieswithkindsofbacteria,andalsorelatedtotheirageandexternalenvironment.2.BasicshapeofbacteriacoccusbacillusSpiralbacteriumDiplococcusStreptococcusTetradSarcinaStaphylococcusBacillushemorrhagicE.coliBacillusanthracisCoccobacilliclostridumc.diphtheriaeSpiralbacteriumVibrioSpirillumVibriocholerae干酪螺菌鼠咬熱螺菌

Basicshapesandarrangementofthebacteria細(xì)菌的異常形態(tài)?衰退型MycobacteriumtuberculosisGramstainX1000

3.

StructureofthebacteriacellBasicstructureCellwallCellmembraneCytoplasmNucleoid

SpecialstructureCapsuleFlagellumPiliSpore3.1Basicstructure3.1.1cellwall

back-bone:

N-acetylmuramicacid

N-acetylglucosamine

β-1.4glycosidic

sidechain(tetra-peptide)

peptidecross-bridgePeptidoglycanofG+Nacetylglucosamine

N-acetylmuramicacidAsegmentofthepeptidoglycanAsegmentofthepeptidoglycanPeptidoglycanofG-

back-bone:

N-acetylmuramicacid;

N-acetylglucosamine

β-1.4glycosidic

sidechain(tetra-peptide)peptidoglycanteichoicacid

specialcomponentofG+cellwall

Therearetwotypesofteichoicacid:Wallteichoicacidandmembraneteichoicacid

FunctionofteichoicacidHelppeptidoglycantostrengthencellwallMainantigenofG+Relatedwithpathogenicityofbacterium

specialcomponentofG-cellwall脂多糖脂蛋白肽聚糖脂質(zhì)雙層lipopolysaccharide,LPSTargetforpencillinTargetforlysozyme

ComparisonofcellwallforG+

and

G_

componentG+G-peptidoglycanthickerthinnerTeichoicacidyesnolipopolysaccharidenoyesPNC+_antigenicitytechoicacidLPS

FunctionofcellwallMaintaintheshapeofbacteriaProtectfromlowosmoticpressurePermeabilitySurfaceantigenicdeterminates.Relatewithbacterialpathogenicity1、微生物分為哪幾類？各類微生物具有那些特點？2、比較革蘭陽性菌與革蘭陰性菌細(xì)胞壁結(jié)構(gòu)的異同。細(xì)胞壁有哪些重要功能？3.結(jié)合細(xì)胞壁結(jié)構(gòu)及抗生素作用靶點，分析溶菌酶及青霉素對陰陽性菌的作用效果。預(yù)習(xí)：細(xì)菌的其它基本結(jié)構(gòu)及特殊結(jié)構(gòu)思考題李婉宜:聯(lián)系電話：85501258E-mail:hxliwanyi@126.com

Reference

2.M