【新教材】外研版(2019)高中英語必修第三冊知識點總結(jié)匯編

第第頁【新教材】外研版（2019）高中英語必修第三冊知識點總結(jié)匯編Unit1Disappointedbyhisbehaviour,Isaidallthistomybestfriend.Iwasjustlettingoffstream...過去分詞做狀語，有時為了強調(diào)，前面可帶連詞when,while,if,though,asif,unless等,表時間，條件，讓步，方式等。過去分詞(短語)做狀語，表1時間，2原因，3條件，4讓步，5方式或者伴隨1Askedabouthisimpressionoftheapartment,hemadenoanswer.=Whenhewasaskedabouthisimpressionoftheapartment,...2Seriouslyinjured,hehadtobetakentothehospital.=Becausehewasseriouslyinjured,hehadto...3United,westand;divided,wefall.=Ifweareuntied,westand;ifwearedivided,wefall.團結(jié)則存，分裂則亡。4Rejectedmanytimes,hedidn’tloseheart.=Thoughhewasrejectedmanytimes,hedidn’tloseheart.5Theboyslidoutofhisroom,followedbyhiepetdog.=Theboyslidoutofhisroomandwasfollowedbyhispetdog.過去分詞(短語)做狀語時，其邏輯主語與句子的主語要一致。如果主語不一致，要在分詞前加上邏輯主語，構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。Theboyrushedintotheclassroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.有些過去分詞已形容詞化，做狀語時表示主語的某種情緒或者狀態(tài)。常見的形容詞化的過去分詞有Satisfied,surprised,interested,moved,worried,pleased,disappointed等。First,apologisetoyourteammate...Then,talktoyourfriend...Thirdly,thinkaboutyourownbehaviour.Firstly...andlater...First...second...third...Firstly...secondly...thirdly...It’sadj./n.+todosth.做某事是的It’snoteasyforanyonetosaysorry.It’snotagoodideatocriticisesomeoneinfrontofothers.It’sbelievedthat...人們相信...,有人認為...It’sbelievedthatEQplaysanevenmoreimportantrolethanIQ.人們認為情商扮演的角色比智商更重要。It’sbelievedthatEQplaysanevenmoreimportantrolethanIQ=PeoplebelievethatEQplaysanevenmoreimportantrolethanIQ.=EQisbelievedtoplayanevenmoreimportantrolethanIQ.It’sreportedthat...據(jù)報道It'sannouncedthat...據(jù)宣布It’sconsideredthat...人們認為It'shopedthat...人們希望It’sthoughtthat...人們認為It’sbelievedthat...人們相信It’ssuggestedthat...有人建議Stopforamomentandconsiderthatperhapsyourfriendwantssomefrankcommentsfromyousothattheycanimprove.(sothat引導的目的狀語從句)Sothat既可以引導目的狀語從句，還可以引導結(jié)果狀語從句。引導目的狀語從句時，意為“以便，為了”相當于inorderthat，從句中往往有will/would/can/could/may/might等情態(tài)V，表明動作尚未發(fā)生。引導結(jié)果狀語從句時，意為“因此，所以”，從句中不用情態(tài)V.Perhapsthemealyousaidwas“delicious”willbeservedeverytimeyouvisit.Every/eachtime意為“每次”，名詞詞組，可做連詞，引導時間狀從。可做連詞，含time的名詞詞組：ThefirsttimeThesecondtime(the)lasttime(the)nexttimeAnytimeBythetimeThemoreindependentyouare,thebetteryourlifewillbe.The+比較級(+主謂)，the+比較級(+主謂)前者表條件，后者表結(jié)果。Themore,thebetter.多多益善。Theharderyoustudy,themoreprogressyouwillmake.你學習越刻苦，你取得的進步就越大。Themorepositiveanarticlewas,themorelikelyitwastobeshared.Unit2AllIcandois(to)rideatricycleandmakemoneyforthestudents.(allIcando=allthatIcando(that在從句中做賓語，可以省略)=whatIcando)當主語含有do的某種形式時，作表語的不定式可以省略toTheonlythingforyoutodonowis(to)apologize.Allyouneedtodois(to)showyourperseverance.Knowingthatthekidsnowhavemoneyforschooliswhatkeepsmegoingandgivesmemoreenergy.知道孩子們現(xiàn)在有錢上學是讓我堅持下去的理由，并給了我更多的力量。What=allthat=thethingsthat=anythingthatWhat引導的名詞性從句=先行詞+that引導的定語從句GoingtoBeijingUniversityiswhatI’vebeendreamingof.上北京大學是我一直夢寐以求的。havetroubledoingsth.做某事有困難Ryanhadtroublebelievingthewordsspokenbyhisteacherthat...瑞安難以相信老師說的話Trouble,difficulty前可用some,no,little,much等修飾havetrouble(in)doingsth.中，介詞in可省略做某事有困難havetroublewithsth.havetrouble(in)doingsth.haveproblemswithsth.haveproblems(in)doingsth.haveahard/difficulttime(in)doingsth.havedifficulty(in)doingsth.So...that..如此以至于Andwhyisthewatersodirtythatitmakesthemsick?為什么水這么臟以至于讓她們生?。縮o...that.../such...thatso后接形容詞或副詞，such后接名詞(短語)，但當名詞前有many/much/few/little時，要用soNotonly...butalsoWeneedtonotonlydonatemoneybutalsogetnewideas.notonly...butalso...是并列連詞，連接兩個對等的成分，如主語，謂語，賓語，表語，狀語等等，還可連接兩個分句。notonly...butalso連接兩個主語時，強調(diào)的是后面的主語，因此謂語應(yīng)和后面的主語在人稱和數(shù)量上保持一致，即遵循“就近原則”。Notonly...butalso連接兩個分句時，且notonly位于句首時，notonly分句用部分倒裝語序.Eg.Notonlydotheteachershavetheirownideasonthematter,butthestudentshavetheirstoo.also有時可省略，或?qū)lso換成too，aswell(位于句末)13.have/hasbeendoing一直在（現(xiàn)在完成進行時）Now,UNICEFhasbeenworkingtoimprovethelivesofchildrenandtheirfamiliesacross190countriesandterritories.have/hasbeendoing:表示動作從某一時間開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或者可能仍然要繼續(xù)下去。現(xiàn)在完成時VS現(xiàn)在完成進行時I'vebeenwritinganovel.過去發(fā)生，延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還在進行I'vewrittenanovel.過去發(fā)生，已經(jīng)完成14.過去分詞作定語1）單個過去分詞作定語時，通常在被修飾詞之前Thegroundwascoveredwithfallenleaves.地上滿是落葉Peopleshouldn’tbeexposedtopollutedwater.人們不應(yīng)該接觸被污染了的水。2）過去分詞短語作定語時，通常放在被修飾詞之后。Iwasinstructedtocarryoutaplansupportedbymostpeople.=Iwasinstructedtocarryoutaplanwhichwassupportedbymostpeople.我被要求執(zhí)行一個多數(shù)人支持的計劃。不及物動詞，只表示完成，不表被動；aretiredteacher退休教師fallenleaves落葉Therisensun升起的太陽及物動詞，表示被動或完成Anhonoredguest一位受尊敬的客人Deeplymovedpeople深受感動的人們Thebrokenglass碎了的杯子Thequestiondiscussedyesterday昨天討論的問題現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作定語的區(qū)別語態(tài)上不同，現(xiàn)在分詞表主動意義，過去分詞多表示被動意義Thewomanstandingbesidehimishissecretary.(woman和stand是主動的關(guān)系)Sheshowedmethebookrecommendedbytheprofessor（book和recommend是被動的關(guān)系）時間關(guān)系上的不同，現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進行的動作，而過去分詞表示動作已經(jīng)完成thechangingworld正在發(fā)生變化的世界thechangedworld已經(jīng)變化了的世界thefallingleaves正在下落的樹葉thefallenleaves落葉as引導的狀語從句和定語從句AshockedWintonwatchedasthemajorityofpeoplerosetotheirfeet.溫頓震驚的望著大多數(shù)人站了起來。AstheChinesesayinggoes,“Akind-heartedpersonlivesalonglife.”中國有句俗話叫“好人長壽”。as引導的時間狀語從句，強調(diào)主句謂語動詞與從句謂語動詞動作的同時性。AsourcarapproachedMountHuang,itsloweddown.我們的車接近黃山時，速度慢了下來。as引導的原因狀語從句Itisimportanttopayyourelectricitybillontime,aslatepaymentsmayaffectyourcredit.按時繳付電費很重要，因為晚交可能會影響你的信用。as引導讓步狀語從句，意為“盡管，雖然，即使”（從句需倒裝）1.Coldasitis,myelderbrotherwearsonlyashirt.盡管天氣很冷，我哥哥只穿了一件襯衫。2.Hotasitwas,thekidsplayedfootballontheplayground.盡管天氣很熱，孩子們還是在操場上踢足球。3.Childasheis,heknowsalotaboutspaceexploration.盡管他還是個孩子，但他對太空的探索了解很多。4.Hardastheytried,theycouldn'tmakeherchangehermind.盡管他們做了很大的努力，卻沒法讓他改變主意。5.Tryashemight,hecouldn'tsolvetheproblem.盡管他想法設(shè)法，卻未能解決這個問題。6.Muchashelikedher,heleftherfinally.盡管他很喜歡她，可最后他還是離開了他。as引導的方式狀語從句，意為“以方式”TheydidasIhadasked.as引導的比較狀語從句，意為“像一樣”JohncameasearlyasMarydid.as引導定語從句，意為“正如，正像”Asisknowntousall,theInternetplaysaveryimportantpartinourlifeandwork.眾所周知，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)在我們的工作和生活中起著重要的作用as引導的定語從句的幾個常用固定句式：asisknowntoall...aswecansee(fromhisaccent)asyouknowasismentionedaboveUnit3非限制性定語從句用于對先行詞起補充說明，補充額外信息，如果省略，句意仍然清晰完整。而限制性定語從句，對先行詞限定修飾，縮小范圍。Afaintbluelightshotacrossit,darkeningtopurple,andpresentlyshecouldseetheimageofherson,wholivedontheothersideoftheearth.一道微弱的藍光射過了它，變暗至紫色。過了一會，她就看見了他兒子的影像，他住在地球的另一邊，他也看見了她。Ihavedaughterwhoisadoctor.限制性我有一個當醫(yī)生的女兒Ihaveadaughter,whoisadoctor.非限制性我有一個女兒，她是個醫(yī)生Theway+定語從句Lookatthepicturesandtalkabouthowthewaywelivehaschangedovertime.看圖片，談?wù)勎覀兊纳罘绞绞侨绾坞S著時間而改變的。theway+(that/inwhich+)定語從句find+賓語+賓補發(fā)現(xiàn)/覺得...怎么樣see,hear,watch,notice,have,get,make+賓語+賓補Andnow,wefindourselvesinthegreatnewageoftechnology.現(xiàn)在，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正處在偉大的新技術(shù)時代。find+n./pron.+介詞短語wetriedtohelpherbutfoundheroutoftrouble.find+n./pron.+adj.Ifindmyknowledgeoftheprojectlimited.find+n./pron.+advWhenwegothome,wefoundallthelightson.find+n./pron.+n.You’llfinditafrighteningexploration.find+n./pron.+分詞Wewentbackhome,findingourdogfixingitseyesonaninsect.總結(jié)，find后接省去了謂語動詞的主系表/主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)。Themandownstairsfoundithardtofallasleep.Find+it+賓補+todoit形式賓語，todo邏輯賓語強調(diào)句Sowhatisitthatinspiresustoinventthings?那是什么激勵我們?nèi)グl(fā)明東西呢？Itis/was+被強調(diào)部分+that/who+句子剩余部分（is還是was根據(jù)原句時態(tài)而定）去掉itwas/isthat/who,能還原成完整的句子，則為強調(diào)句，否則就不是。強調(diào)除謂語外的成分Wemetagreatscientistintheparkyesterday.Itwaswethat/whometagreatscientistintheparkyesterday.Itwasagreatscientistthat/whowemetintheparkyesterday.Itwasintheparkthatwemetagreatscientistyesterday.Itwasyesterdaythatwemetagreatscientistinthepark.強調(diào)謂語的固定結(jié)構(gòu)：do/does/did/does+動詞原形What引導的主語從句+is+that引導的表語從句Butwhatremainsimportantisthatwehaveanincredibledesiretothinkandcreate,andthat’stherealspiritofinvention.但依然重要的是，我們有一種強烈的欲望去思考和創(chuàng)造，這才是真正的發(fā)明精神。What引導主語從句，并在從句中作主語。what引導主語從句時在從句中充當主語、賓語、表語等，有含義；that引導主語從句時，在從句中不做任何成分，沒有意義，只起連接作用，不能省略；which(ever)引導的主語從句，多表示哪一個，那些，通常有一個選擇的范圍。If或者whether引導的賓語從句Peoplewantedtoknowiflightningwasreallyproducedbyelectricityorsomethingelse.是否含義時，Whether>if,if只能用于動詞后的賓從1.Iwonderif/whetherhecomesback.賓從2.Whetherhecomesbackremainsunknown.主從whether/if引導的名詞性從句：whether/if只起連接作用，在句中不作成分。不能使用if的情況：1.表語從句、同位語從句中，不用使用if;2.名詞性從句位于句首時，不用if;3.從句中有or/ornot時，不用if;4.從句作介詞的賓語，不用ifNeither...nor...However,neitherthestorynorthedetailsoftheexperimentareentirelytrue.然而，這個故事和實驗的細節(jié)都不是完全真實的。Neither...nor連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)遵循就近原則。就近原則：either...or...,Notonly,butalsoNot...but...Thereisnoproofthat...Thereisnoproofthatithithimonthehead.That引導的同位語從句同位語從句一般由that,wh-類連接詞引導，常放在doubt,fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,thought等抽象名詞后，解釋說明該名詞的具體的內(nèi)容。That無意義，不充當句子成分?，F(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)Have/hasbeendoneHave/hasnotbeendoneHas/have+主語+beendone?特殊疑問詞+has/have+主語+beendone?常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的狀語already已經(jīng)yet已經(jīng)recently/lately最近sincethen從那時起eversince自那以來ever曾經(jīng)sofar迄今為止foralongtime很長一段時間bynow到現(xiàn)在為止Inrecentyears在最近幾年in/during/overthepast/lastfewyears在過去的幾年里borrow,begin,start,buy,marry,open,join非延續(xù)性動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)不能與表示時間段的狀語連用。Unit4Thisis/That'swhyIguessthat’swhysheattractssomanyvisitorseveryday.我想這就是她每天吸引這么多游客的原因。That’swhyThat’sbecauseThereasonwhy...isthat...(why引導的定語從句，修飾thereason)It’stimetodosth.Andnow,it’stimetogetupcloseandpersonalwithonethegreatestartists--Rembrandt.It’stimetogotobed.(不定式作定語)It’stimeforustoleaveforhome.(帶邏輯主語的不定式作定語)It’s(high/about)timethatsb.didsth.It’s(high/about)timethatsb.shoulddosth.某人該做某事了asif(=asthough)Theyreallydoreachouttousacrossthecenturiesasiftimeitselfwerenothing.它們真的是跨越了幾個世紀向我們伸出了援手，彷佛時間本身無關(guān)緊要。asif從句，事實真實，用陳述語氣，若與事實相反，用虛擬語氣對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬，一般過去時對過去情況的虛擬，過去完成時asif從句的省略，當主從主語一致，謂語中含be動詞，從句的主語和be動詞可省略。YoucanbrushwiththeKolibreeasifguidedbyadentist.=YoucanbrushwiththeKolibreeasifyouareguidedbyadentist.Everywhere引導的地點狀語從句...becausepeoplearecreatingiteverywhereyoulook.Everywhere作從屬連詞，意為“無論哪里”，相當于wherever,引導地點狀從。Wherevershegoes,peopleseemtorecogniseher.無論她走到哪里，人們都能認出她。現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)肯定式：主語+is/am/are+beingdone否定式：主語+is/am/are+not+beingdone特殊疑問式：疑問詞++is/am/are+主語+beingdone用法表示正在進行的被動動作Thesportsmeetingisbeingheldonourschool.表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的被動動作Itisreportedthatmanyanewhouseisbeingbuiltatpresentinthedisasterarea.表示一種經(jīng)常性的被動行為Heisalwaysbeingpraisedbytheteacher.表示按計劃或安排將要發(fā)生的被動動作Apopularsongisbeingsungnext.It+be+過去分詞+thatItissaidthatwhentheEmperoraskedHanGantotakeamasterofhorsepaintingashisteacher.據(jù)說當皇帝讓韓干請一位馬畫大師當老師時該句式中，it是形式主語，that引導的從句是真正的主語Itissaidthat...Itisagreedthat...Itisreportedthat...Itisannouncedthat...Itisrecordedthat...Itisbelievedthat...Itisthoughtthat...Itishopedthat...Itissuggestedthat...It’ssaidthattheywonthegame.=Theyaresaidtohavewonthegame.Thefirst+n.+todoVascodaGama(1460-1524)wasaPortugueseexplorerandthefirstEuropeantoreachIndiabysea.在表示次序的thefirst,thelast,theonly,thevery,theright,thebest等所修飾的名詞或代詞后作定語，常用不定式。ThefirstpeopletoarriveTheonlykidinmyfamilytohaveagiftforpanting.但是，也有過去分詞作定語的情況，表示被動和動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生Thefirststudentsentabroadforfurthereducation.What引導的名詞性從句Whatwegetfromthisadventureisjustsheerjoy.Thisiswhatlifemeansandwhatlifeisfor.What=allthat=thethingsthat=anythingthatBeuptosb.由某人決定It'stotallyuptoyou.它完全取決于你。beuptosth.能勝任某事upto多達What’sup?怎么了？Uptonow到目前為止Nexttime引導時間狀語從句Nexttimeyouneedtotakenotes,tryusingsomeofthese...時間名詞作連詞，引導時間狀語從句Thefirsttime/lasttime(that)Anytime,eachtime,everytime,themoment,theminute過去將來時（即：站在過去看將來）主語+should/would+do+其它Was/weregoingtodoWas/wereabouttodowas/weredoing(僅限某些表示位移的動詞)表示從過去某時看將來要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常用于賓語從句中。狀語從句的省略Whileattackingfromtheship...=whiletheyareattackingformtheship...在時間、條件、讓步等狀語從句中，滿足如下兩個條件時，狀從才能省略，從句謂語含有be動詞從句主語和主句主語一