2023學(xué)年完整公開(kāi)課版4名詞性從句

第四講名詞性從句0102名詞性從句的種類(lèi)主語(yǔ)從句|賓語(yǔ)從句

|表語(yǔ)從句

|同位語(yǔ)從句主要引導(dǎo)詞的用法歸納1.that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句|2.whether與if引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)的區(qū)別

|3.連接代詞what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句

|4.連接副詞when，where，why，how引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句I.單句語(yǔ)法填空II.單句改錯(cuò)III.翻譯句子IV.語(yǔ)法填空V.短文改錯(cuò)03針對(duì)訓(xùn)練在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。它包括主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類(lèi)：1．連接詞：that，whether，if(不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分)2．連接代詞：what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whomever，whose，which，whichever3．連接副詞：when，where，how，why名詞性從句的種類(lèi)1．主語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句叫主語(yǔ)從句。Thatyoudidn'tknowtherules

won'tbeanexcuseforyourfailure.你不知道規(guī)則不能成為你失敗的借口。Whetherweshouldhelpupafallenoldpersonornot

remainsaheatedtopicinChina.我們是否應(yīng)該幫忙扶起一個(gè)摔倒的老人在中國(guó)仍然是一個(gè)熱門(mén)話(huà)題。Whenthedelayedflightwilltakeoff

dependsmuchontheweather.那架延誤的班機(jī)什么時(shí)候起飛在很大程度上取決于天氣。1．主語(yǔ)從句

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有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用it代替主語(yǔ)從句作形式主語(yǔ)放于句首，而把主語(yǔ)從句置于句末。主語(yǔ)從句后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：(1)It＋be＋名詞＋that從句(2)It＋be＋形容詞＋that從句(3)It＋be＋動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞＋that從句(4)It＋不及物動(dòng)詞＋that從句Itisclearthat

thetwocountriescanreachanagreementattheconference.很顯然兩國(guó)能夠在會(huì)議上達(dá)成協(xié)議。Itiswell-knownthat

theChinesegovernmenthassparednoefforttoprotectpeoplefromfakefood.眾所周知，中國(guó)政府已不遺余力地保護(hù)人們免受假冒食品的毒害。2．賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)的名詞性從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句，位于及物動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))、介詞或形容詞之后。Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.我們決不能認(rèn)為自己什么都好，別人什么都不好。Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢(qián)。Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.凡需要幫助的人，她都會(huì)給予熱情的支持。2．賓語(yǔ)從句

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在可以接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞之后，如think，make，consider等，可以用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。Hehasmadeit

clearthat

hewillnotgivein.他不會(huì)屈服的，這一點(diǎn)他已明確表示了。3．表語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作表語(yǔ)的從句叫表語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語(yǔ)從句位于連系動(dòng)詞后，有時(shí)用asif，because等引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋從句。Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.事實(shí)是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場(chǎng)比賽。Thatiswhyhedidn'tcometothemeeting.那就是他為什么不到會(huì)的原因。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。3．表語(yǔ)從句

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當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是reason時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthat

hemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.他遲到的原因是，今天早晨他晚了一分鐘而錯(cuò)過(guò)了火車(chē)。4．同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語(yǔ)從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，也可由其他連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)，可用于同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞有：advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea，information，message，news，order，problem，promise，question，request，suggestion，truth，wish，word等。Thenewsthatwewonthegame

excitedallofus.我們贏得這場(chǎng)比賽的消息讓我們每個(gè)人都很激動(dòng)。Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.我不知道他什么時(shí)候回家。4．同位語(yǔ)從句

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同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：(1)意義不同：同位語(yǔ)從句是跟在一個(gè)抽象名詞之后，對(duì)該名詞的具體內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明；而定語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作定語(yǔ)，對(duì)前面名詞進(jìn)行修飾、限制。(2)連接詞用法不同：that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，充當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略；that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只起連詞的作用，沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。試比較：4．同位語(yǔ)從句Ihadnoideathat

youwerehere.(that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，不能省略)Haveyougottheidea(that)thisbookgivesyouoflifeinancientGreece？(that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略)名詞性從句主要引導(dǎo)詞的用法歸納1．that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句Itisobvioustothestudentsthat

theyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.顯而易見(jiàn)學(xué)生應(yīng)該對(duì)未來(lái)做好充分準(zhǔn)備。(主語(yǔ)從句，it作形式主語(yǔ))Expertsbelieve(that)peoplecanwastelessfoodbyshoppingonlywhenitisnecessary.專(zhuān)家認(rèn)為可以通過(guò)只有必須時(shí)才購(gòu)物這一方法減少食物的浪費(fèi)。(賓語(yǔ)從句)Mydecisionisthat

allofusaretostartat6o'clocktomorrowmorning.我的決定是我們所有人明天早上6點(diǎn)出發(fā)。(表語(yǔ)從句)Imadeapromisetomyselfthat

thisyear，myfirstyearinhighschool，wouldbedifferent.我給自己做出承諾：今年，我上高中的第一年，將會(huì)與以往不同。(同位語(yǔ)從句)連詞that在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)本身沒(méi)有意義，在從句中不擔(dān)任任何句子成分，但引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不能省略。在賓語(yǔ)從句中有時(shí)可以省略。2．whether與if引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)的區(qū)別在主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中只能用whether，不能用if。01Whether

themeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.是否會(huì)議被推遲還沒(méi)有決定。Thetroubleiswhether

hecancomeontime.麻煩是他是否能按時(shí)來(lái)。2．whether與if引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)的區(qū)別在賓語(yǔ)從句中whether和if一般可以互換，但：02Italldependsonwhether

hewillrecover.這完全取決于他是否康復(fù)。(1)作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)連接詞一般用whether。Idon'tknowwhetherhewilltakepartinthemeetingornot.我不知道他是否參加會(huì)議。(2)后面直接跟ornot時(shí)用whether。3．連接代詞what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，在功能上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞，常譯作“······的事/話(huà)/地方/時(shí)間/······”，可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。01What

impressedmemostwasthebeautyofthecity.給我印象最深刻的是這座城市的美。3．連接代詞what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，在功能上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞，常譯作“······的事/話(huà)/地方/時(shí)間/······”，可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。01

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that和what的區(qū)別①that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，在主從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分，也沒(méi)有任何含義；②而what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，在主從句中都要充當(dāng)一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定語(yǔ)從句中的“先行詞＋關(guān)系代詞”即常說(shuō)的“先行詞＋that”。試比較：Whathetoldus

madeussurprised.＝Thenewsthathetoldus

madeussurprised.Thathegotthefirstplace

madeussurprised.3．連接代詞what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句who，whom，whose，which，whoever，whatever等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句02Hisfatherdoesn'tcareaboutwhich

universityhewillgoto.他父親不在乎他上哪一所大學(xué)。Whoever

wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.任何一個(gè)想要住旅店的人都必須自己付錢(qián)。Youcanchoosewhatever

youlikeinthesupermarket.在這家超市，你可以選擇你喜歡的任何東西。4．連接副詞when，where，why，how引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句It

makesnodifferencewhere

weshallhavethemeeting.我們?cè)谀膬洪_(kāi)會(huì)都無(wú)所謂。Ihavenoideahow

Icangettotherailwaystation.我不知道怎樣才能到火車(chē)站。That'swhy

Iwantyoutoworkthere.那就是我要你在那兒工作的原因。這幾個(gè)連接詞不但起連接作用，也在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因和方式。Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Thereisevidence___________theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic，andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)thatⅠ.單句語(yǔ)法填空2.I’mnotsure________ismorefrightened，meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)3．Sheaskedme____________________Ihadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn't.(2017·天津卷)4．Everyyear，____________________makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.(2017·北京卷)5．Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linedstreet,notknowing__________________shewasheading.(2017·北京卷)6．Wechoosethishotelbecausethepriceforanighthereisdownto$20，halfof____________________itusedtocharge.(2017·江蘇卷)whetherwhoeverwherewhatwhoⅠ.用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空7．Asnaturalarchitects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly____________________thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.(全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)8．AtypicalChineseweddingnowadaysgoeslikethis：whenanewcoupleisengaged，____________followsisachoiceofthedateoftheirmarriage.(2020·湖南瀏陽(yáng)六校聯(lián)考)9．AfterbeingdesignatedasthefirstspecialeconomiczoneinChina，____________wasonceafishingvillagehasrapidlybecomeanemergingmoderncity.(2020·河南洛陽(yáng)期中考試)10．Theidealnapdependson____________youwantfromthatnap.(2020·吉林省吉林市一次調(diào)研)11．Thereisnodoubt____________theeventwillattractmorevisitorstoenjoyvisitingthiswonderfulcity.(2020·河北衡水中學(xué)一調(diào))howwhatwhatthatwhatⅠ.用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空12．Finally，awomanwithatrayfulloffoodsatdownoppositehimandinformedhim_______________thecafeteriaworked.(2019·莆田模擬)13．Iwonderfirstofallwhattheywant，andthenwonder_______________theyaresoeagertoacceptadvicethemselves.(2019·湖南師大附中模擬)14．Rememberthattruepowerdoesnotnecessarilycontroloversituations，buttheabilitytodealwith_______________comesyourway.(2019·南昌模擬)15．Theynevergetangryandarealwayskindtothestudents.That’s_______________thechildrencanalwaysgetonwellwiththeirrobotteachers.(2019·齊齊哈爾模擬)16．Wedon’trespect_____________wethinkisbetterthanus;wedon’trespectpoorandoldpeople，orwedon’trespectwhowefeelislessbetterthanus.(2019·南昌模擬)howif/whetherwhateverwhywhoⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)1．MyuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetothatIlive.(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)2．Iwaswonderingwhywasthematterwhenmylittlebrotherbegantocoughloudly.(2020·太原名校模擬)3．WhichimpressesmemostisMissZhang’swayofteaching.

(2020·安徽江淮十校二次聯(lián)考)4．Iwillkeepitinmindwhatmygreatcountryisalwaysbehindme.(2020·安徽毛坦廠中學(xué)模擬)wherewhatwhatthatⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)5．Shehasbeenawardedthetitleof‘StudentoftheWeek’forthatshedidforourclass.(2020·南昌一模)6．Tomyshame，shetoldmethatwhathermotherhadheard.(2020·西安名校聯(lián)考)whatⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)7．Thegoodnewsiswhetherthere’llbeamen’sbasketballmatchbetweenChinaandKoreaatthestadiumofourcitythisSunday.(2019·舒蘭模擬)8．Theycametotheconclusionwhethernotallthingscanbedonebyacomputer.9．HowIdoeverydayistolistentolectures，takenotesanddomyhomework，whichseemstobeendless.(2019·遼源模擬)10．Tomakemattersworse，IhadtoshareadoubleroomwithsomeoneIdidnotknow，despitethefactIhadpaidforasingleroom.(2019·襄陽(yáng)模擬)11．WemustfindoutwhereKarliscoming，sowecanbookaroomforhim.(2019·牡丹江模擬)thatthatWhatthatwhenⅢ.翻譯句子1．已經(jīng)定下來(lái)了，會(huì)議推遲到了下周一。(主語(yǔ)從句)2．我并不知道他是否參加音樂(lè)會(huì)。(賓語(yǔ)從句)3．問(wèn)題是值不值得試一試。(表語(yǔ)從句)ItisdecidedthatthemeetinghasbeenputofftillnextMonday.Ididn'tknowwhether/ifhewouldattendtheconcert.Thequestioniswhetheritisworthtrying.Ⅲ.翻譯句子4．他們贏得比賽的消息很快就傳遍了整個(gè)學(xué)校。(同位語(yǔ)從句)5．他沒(méi)來(lái)公司的原因是他生病了。(表語(yǔ)從句)6．我們必須盡力完成老師交給我們的任務(wù)。(賓語(yǔ)從句)Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.Thereasonwhyhedidn'tcometothecompanywasthathewasill.Wemusttrytofinishwhattheteachertoldustodo.Ⅳ.語(yǔ)法填空(2020·黃岡中學(xué)模擬)CanadiansandAmericanseatsomewhatdifferently.SomeCanadiansusetablewareasAmericansdo，whilesomelikethetablewareoftheBritishIsles，IrelandandtheCommonwealthofNations;butmostCanadiansusea1.

(combine)ofthetwostyles.Canadianstend2.

(use)thesimplerBritish，IrishandCommonwealthstylewhencuttingfood.Therighthandcutswithaknife，whiletheleftholds3.

isbeingcutwithafork.Thenthelefthand，use4.________forktoliftthecutfooddirectlyintothemouth.Incontrast，mostAmericanswillexchangetheknifeandforkbeforecombinationtousewhattheⅣ.語(yǔ)法填空5.________(lift)cutfoodtotheirmouths，whichis6.________(true)embarrassing.Inthemostcases，Americansuseforks7.________(hold)intheirrighthandstobringallfoodtotheirmouths，whetherornotitneedstobecut.MostCanadiansusetheAmericanstyle8.________foodthat