Unit2 Starting out and Using language 詞匯精講課堂

詞匯課堂版本：新外研單元：選擇性必修一Unit2(Startingout—Usinglanguage)本單元詞匯梳理1.debt詞塊：fall/get/go/runintodebt;indebt;outofdebt;payoffone’sdebts2.pace近義詞：step,speed詞塊：paceoflife;atone’sownpace;keeppace(withsb/sth)3.inform詞根詞綴：in-(into-進(jìn)入)+form(toshape形成)→使進(jìn)入內(nèi)心形成看法→使了解→通知(正式用語(yǔ))

派生詞：information詞塊：informsbabout/ofsth,informsbthat…4.dread詞塊：dreaddoingsth5.rarely構(gòu)詞法：rare+-ly近義詞：seldom；反義詞：frequently/often6.overnightover-(越過(guò))+night(夜晚)7.rejectionreject+-ionreject：re-(向后、往回)

+-ject(扔)→往回扔→拒絕8.nevertheless正式用語(yǔ)9.persevere詞塊：perseverewith;perseverein(doing)sth派生詞：perseverance10.criticism構(gòu)詞法：critic(批評(píng)家)+-ism(抽象名詞后綴)反義詞：praise11.manuscript詞根詞綴：manu-(手)

+-script(寫)→手寫→手稿12.classicclassic來(lái)自class(階級(jí))，特指古羅馬有能力組織軍隊(duì)和響應(yīng)軍事號(hào)召的階級(jí)→一等階級(jí)、最高級(jí)，或經(jīng)典、一流詞塊：classicsofEnglishliterature,aclassicmistake/example；同族詞：class,classic,classical13.guarantee詞塊：guaranteethat;guaranteetodosth14.delighteddelight+-ed詞塊：(be)delightedat/by/withsth;(be)delightedtodosth;(be)delighted(that)注：不能用very修飾delighted15.outcome構(gòu)詞法：out(向外)+come(出來(lái))→結(jié)果近義詞：result16.worthwhile構(gòu)詞法：worth+while詞塊：aworthwhilecause,it’sworthwhiledoing/todosth17.enthusiastic同族詞：enthusiasm,enthusiast,

enthusiastic,enthusiastically詞塊：beenthusiasticabout18.contest詞根詞綴：con-(with,together一起)+test(測(cè)試)→一起來(lái)測(cè)試→比賽注意名詞和動(dòng)詞發(fā)音不同19.upset構(gòu)詞法：up

(adv)+

set

(v)v

一詞多義，基本義“打翻”adj

英語(yǔ)釋義：worriedandunhappy詞塊：beupsetabout/at/by/oversth,beupsettodosth20.elect詞根詞綴：e-(out出)+lect(gather,choose選擇)→選出→選舉同根詞：select,collect詞塊：electsbto/(as)sth,electtodosth派生詞：election(ageneralelection)inform重難點(diǎn)詞精講一詞多義upset一詞多義英語(yǔ)釋義guarantee英語(yǔ)釋義正式用語(yǔ)與非正式用語(yǔ)elect英語(yǔ)釋義pacedebt熟詞生義搭配義前綴over-頻度副詞習(xí)語(yǔ)idomsdebtheavilyindebt債臺(tái)高筑債務(wù)自由debtn[C]&[U]債務(wù)；欠債；人情債：Theywillsendkidstocollegewhateverittakes,evenifthatmeansahugeamountofdebts.2011山東fall/get/go/runintodebt借債；負(fù)債：It’smucheasiertogetintodebtthantogetoutofdebt.indebt(tosb)欠（某人）債；受（某人）恩惠：Nearlyhalfthecollegestudentssaidtheywerein(serious)debt.I’mindebttohimforhishelp.outofdebt不欠債payoffone’sdebts還清債務(wù)pace“生活節(jié)奏”用英文如何表達(dá)？paceoflifepace■n

[C]一步(step)：Walk/Taketenpacesforward.

[U]［常用單數(shù)］速度；進(jìn)度：Hewalkedatafastpace.Studentsstudyattheirownpaceandtheteachersseldomsettests.paceoflifekeeppace(withsb/sth)（與某人/事物）并駕齊驅(qū)；步調(diào)一致■vi&vt

踱步inform從A、B選項(xiàng)中選出正確的答案，體會(huì)兩者的差異。1.Canyoukindly_______

mewherethesupermarketis?2.We

arevery

sorry

to_______

you

that

your

flight

hasbeendelayed.

A.tellB.inform二者是正式用語(yǔ)和非正式用語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。inform是正式用語(yǔ)，一般用于正式的、文字性或廣播性的公告，而tell則是日常用語(yǔ)。AB[正式用語(yǔ)]通知；告訴totellsbaboutsth,especiallyinanofficialway：①informsbabout/ofsth:Beesflyincirclestoinformtheirpartnersabout/offoodordanger.②informsb+(that)/wh-從句：Wewouldliketoinformallpassengersthattherestaurantcarisnowopen.inform詞源解讀：in-(into-進(jìn)入)+form(toshape形成)→使進(jìn)入內(nèi)心形成看法→使了解→通知informvt詞根formform（shape形狀）uni-:一(one)uniform-al:……的(of)formal詞根詞綴單詞派生詞form（toform形成）

per-:徹底地(thoroughly)performperformancein-:入(into)informtrans-:到另一方(across)transformtransformationre-:再(again)reform-ation(名詞后綴)formation-erformerguarantee看圖猜詞：打開(kāi)購(gòu)物網(wǎng)站時(shí)，琳瑯滿目而分類細(xì)致的商品就會(huì)呈現(xiàn)在我們面前。購(gòu)物時(shí)，是否注意到了商品上的這些標(biāo)注呢？它們是什么意思呢？guarantee和warrant都是保證的意思。warrant側(cè)重保證退換；guarantee側(cè)重對(duì)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的保證。

n[C]

保證afirmpromisethatsthwillbedoneorthatsthwillhappen：

giveaguaranteeofgoodbehaviorWealthisnoguaranteeofhappiness.

保修單；質(zhì)量保證書：Theyofferatwo-yearguaranteeonalltheirelectricalgoods.guarantee

vt

保證；確保；擔(dān)保：

Talentaloneisn’tenoughtoguaranteesuccess.①guarantee+(that)從句：Consistent,hardworkwillguaranteethatyouwillbecomegoodatwhateveritis.2013廣東改②guaranteetodosth:Weguaranteetobehaveourselvestomorrow.

提供保修單：Ifyouhavethewatchcleanedhere,wecanguaranteeitforanadditionalthreemonths.2009天津

guarantee

語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖會(huì)做某事或使某事發(fā)生的“保證”保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的“保證”保修單；質(zhì)量保證書保證基本義guarantee保證；確保；擔(dān)保提供保修單nv2016年很火的一個(gè)段子：友誼的小船說(shuō)翻就翻。你知道船翻了如何表達(dá)嗎？Theboatwasupset.圖中小船被打翻也正好詮釋了upset的基本義——打翻。upset詞源upset(v.)“tosetup,fix,”from

up

(adv.)+

set

(v.)

upsetupset源于setup（建立）。setup和upset有什么關(guān)系呢？upset(upset,upset)vt

弄翻；打翻：upsetabowlofsoupThelifeboatwasupsetbythewaves.

打亂；攪亂（計(jì)劃、安排等）：Hearrivedanhourlateandupsetourplan.

使生氣；使心煩意亂tomakesbworryorfeelunhappy：Thisdecisionislikelytoupsetalotofpeople.

使（腸胃）不適:

upsetadj

（腸胃）不適的：anupsetstomach

[不用于名詞前]心煩意亂的；難過(guò)的

worriedandunhappy：Thenthefriendmovedawayandthewriterwasextremelyupset.【詞匯拓展】?upsettingadj

令人心煩意亂的分詞形容詞①(be)upsettodosth:Shewasveryupsettohearthattheholidayhadbeencancelled.②(be)upset+that從句：Anne’ssisterMargotwasveryupsetthatthefamilyhadtomove.③(be)upsetabout/at/by/oversth:Myparentswereinahugeargument,andIwasreallyupsetaboutit.④beupsetwithsb:You’renotstillupsetwithme,areyou?詞塊upset語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖打翻upset基本義打翻物體打翻計(jì)劃打翻心情使生氣；使心煩意亂打亂；攪亂（計(jì)劃、安排等）弄翻；打翻打翻胃使（腸胃）不適(腸胃)不適的心煩意亂的；難過(guò)的具體抽象人v

adj由“小品詞+動(dòng)詞”構(gòu)成的合成詞up+set→upsetvout+come→outcomenin+put→inputv&nout+put→outputv&nin+take→intakenin+come→incomenout+look→outlookn使心煩結(jié)果輸入產(chǎn)量攝入量收入觀點(diǎn)elect2021年1月6日，美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)舉行聯(lián)席會(huì)議，確認(rèn)美國(guó)總統(tǒng)大選結(jié)果。1月7日凌晨，美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)確認(rèn)民主黨人喬·拜登贏得306張選舉人票，在總統(tǒng)選舉中獲勝。TheUSCongresscertifiedDemocratJoeBiden’spresidentialelectionvictorywith306ElectoralCollegevotes.electvt

［常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)］選舉；推選tochoosesbforanofficialpositionbyvoting：①

electsbtosth:I’llneverforgetbeingelectedtothestudentcouncil.②electsb(as)sth:TheyelectedSmith(as)mayor.

［正式用語(yǔ)］選擇；決定

tochoosetodosth:

electtodosth:Hehaselectedtobecomeadoctor.electionn[C]&[U]選舉；推選：ageneralelectione-(out出)+lect(gather,choose選擇)→選出→選舉同根詞：select,collectelect詞源解讀頻度副詞rarely,frequently等neverhardly(scarcelyformal)rarely(seldomformal)alwaysusually(normallyformal)often(frequentlyformal)occasionally（adv

偶爾）sometimes反義詞反義詞反義詞前綴over-寫出下列句子中畫線單詞的漢語(yǔ)釋義，體會(huì)前綴over-的含義。1.Thewindwillgetstrongerovernight,bringingafreshbrightmorning,clearskies,andhotsunnydayallover.（2010北京）

_______________2.Youshouldwearanovercoatinsuchacoldday. _______________3.Thehousewassmallandcharming,overlookingaquietlake.（2015天津改） _______________4.Hisuncletellshimthatifhiscousinwinsthecompetition,thefamilywillwinanoverseastourforfree.（2016江蘇）

_______________在夜間大衣/外套俯瞰國(guó)外的5.Wereitnotforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.（2017江蘇）

_______________6.Researchersobservedhowoverweightchildrenlostmoreweightwhentheycycledandskiedcrosscountrythanwhentheyplayedsports.（2014陜西改） _______________7.Itisunusualtoseemanybirdsflyingoverheadinthesummertime,ratherthanduringtheperiodsinthespringorautumn. _______________前綴over-意為“above,across”，以此類詞綴開(kāi)頭的單詞大多都含有“在……之上”“橫過(guò)”之意?？朔氐脑诳罩杏⒄Z(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)中有很多習(xí)語(yǔ)（idioms），是人們經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的使用提煉出來(lái)的含有特殊意義的固定詞語(yǔ)組合，其真正的意義和字面意義往往相差甚遠(yuǎn)，不好理解和記憶。學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)，可以借助習(xí)語(yǔ)背后的詞源故事或文化內(nèi)涵來(lái)理解和學(xué)習(xí)，加深對(duì)它們的認(rèn)知深度。ascoolasacucumberascoolasacucumber這則習(xí)語(yǔ)最早出現(xiàn)在約翰·蓋伊（JohnGay）在1732年的詩(shī)作NewSongonNewSimiles。黃瓜是一種清涼的食物，即使是在非常熱的天氣里，它內(nèi)部的溫度也會(huì)比周圍的空氣低大約20度。所以，說(shuō)一個(gè)人像黃瓜一樣涼是在形容這個(gè)人很冷靜、鎮(zhèn)靜、泰然自若?！?/p>

Hearingthenews,everyoneintheroomfeltnervousexceptTracy—shelookedascoolasacucumber.wetblanketwetblanket這個(gè)習(xí)語(yǔ)可能來(lái)自撲滅大火的一種老辦法：要是著火了，而你又沒(méi)有其他滅火用具的話，那就可以用打濕的毯子來(lái)?yè)渖w火苗。所以就產(chǎn)生了這樣一個(gè)習(xí)慣說(shuō)法：throwawetblanketon。這個(gè)說(shuō)法相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)里的一句俗語(yǔ)：給人當(dāng)頭潑涼水。人們逐漸引申了這個(gè)說(shuō)法，用awetblanket來(lái)比喻把周圍興高采烈的人們都弄得熱情冷卻的一個(gè)人?！?/p>

Mymomisawetblanketbecausewhenevermydadthinksofafunactivity,sheisalwaysagainstit.laughingstocklaughingstock笑柄；中世紀(jì)英格蘭，如果進(jìn)行小偷小摸或其他比較惡劣的搗亂破壞行為等的人被抓住，會(huì)被綁到一個(gè)頸手枷（stock本義是樹(shù)干，引申指用木頭制作的固定裝置）上，人們會(huì)譴責(zé)和譏諷這個(gè)人的行為?！?/p>

Hissillybehaviourmadehimalaughingstockoftheoffice.eagerbeaver英語(yǔ)中，eagerbeaver是一個(gè)很有意思的習(xí)語(yǔ)，beaver是海貍，它的中文意思不是指“熱切的海貍”。海貍被稱為“野生世界中的建筑師”，因而代指勤勞的人，所以eagerbeaver的意思是“干活特別賣力的人；對(duì)工作極有熱忱的人”。常用于形容一個(gè)能任勞任怨的員工?！?/p>

Thenewsecretaryisaneagerbeaver.Althoughshecomestoworkatseveneveryday,she’sthelasttoleaveintheevening.dothetrick數(shù)羊是著名的治療失眠的簡(jiǎn)便方法。這種習(xí)俗起源于西方文化，一般來(lái)講讓無(wú)法入睡的人進(jìn)行無(wú)限只羊的想像，想像中一只只綿羊從矮柵欄上跳過(guò)，每跳一只就數(shù)一個(gè)數(shù)，直到因重復(fù)、無(wú)聊的數(shù)數(shù)起作用讓數(shù)羊者在不知不覺(jué)中進(jìn)入睡眠狀態(tài)。用一句習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)來(lái)說(shuō)，這就是：“dothetrick奏效；達(dá)到預(yù)期效果”?！?/p>

Thesepillsshoulddothetrick.You’llfeelmuchbetterinnotime.本單元金句匯總1.It’smucheasiertogetintodebtthantogetoutofdebt.2.Wewouldliketoinformallpassengersthattherestaurantcarisnowopen.3.Wealthisnoguaranteeofhappiness.4.Talentaloneisn’tenoughtoguaranteesuccess.5.Consistent,hardworkwillguaranteethatyouwillbecomegoodatwhateveritis.2013廣東改6.Myparentswereinahugeargument,andIwasreallyupsetaboutit.隨堂檢測(cè)一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語(yǔ)釋義。1.Itisreportedthatthecompanyranuphugedebts._________2.HewassogoodtomethatIcanneverrepaythedebtIowehim._________二、根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。1.Theclubis￡4million______________（負(fù)債）.2.Hemanagedto________________（還清債務(wù)）intwoyears.三、根據(jù)所給詞塊，將句子譯成英語(yǔ)。欠債容易還債難。(fall/get/go/runintodebt)________________________________________________debtindebtpayoffhisdebts巨額債務(wù)

人情債It’smucheasiertofall/get/go/runintodebtthantogetoutofdebt.一、根據(jù)使用場(chǎng)合，選出適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空。(inform,tell)1.Ifacceptedforthejob,you’llbe__________

soon.（2015

北京）2.Whenmymothergothome,I__________

heraboutmydiscovery.

二、根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。1.Theleaflet（傳單）isto_________________________（告知游客）thePark’sthoughtfulservices.（2013

江蘇）2.Weregretto_____________________________________________（通知你你的申請(qǐng)被拒絕了）.informinformvisitorsof/aboutinformyouthatyourapplicationhasbeenrejectedinformedtoldguarantee寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語(yǔ)釋義。1.Weguaranteetocompleteourmission.

____________2.I’mplanningtoholdapartyintheopenair,butIcanmakenoguaranteesbecauseitdependsontheweather.____________3.Highereducationalevaluation（評(píng)估）isthemainpattern（模式）ofeducationalqualityguarantee. ____________

4.Icanoffermylandasaguarantee. ____________5.Thecarisstillunderguarantee,soyoushouldbeabletogetitrepairedfreeofcharge.

____________保證不能保證

質(zhì)量保證抵押品

在保修期內(nèi)upset一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語(yǔ)釋義。1.Keepinmindthatforgiv