Unit2 Starting out - Using language 詞匯精講課堂

詞匯課堂Awordisamicrocosmofhumanconsciousness.—Vygotsky教材版本：新外研冊別單元：必修三Unit2

(Startingout—Usinglanguage)本單元詞匯梳理1.contributioncontribute(必修二U6)—contributioncontribute：con-(together一起)+tribute(貢品)熟詞生義：投稿詞塊：makea(great)contributionto2.reliefrelieve(v減輕)—relief詞塊：in/withrelief,toone’srelief3.shortageshort+-age詞塊：food/water/housingshortages,ashortageof4.internal詞塊：internalorgans/injuries,

internaldoubts5.effectiveeffect(n

效果)+-ive詞塊：takeeffectivemeasures/steps派生詞：effectively6.fund詞源義：基礎（基金的設立可以為某項事業(yè)奠定堅實的基礎）熟詞生義：“基金會”；名詞動詞化：“為……提供資金”詞塊：raisefundsfor7.recyclere-(again再、重新)+cycle(v

循環(huán))→再循環(huán)→再利用派生詞：recycling8.fountain隱喻：噴泉→水源；源泉→來源9.earn基本義：掙得詞塊：earna/one’sliving,earnmoney10.donate構詞：don(togive給)+-ate(動詞后綴)→給予→捐贈詞塊：donate…to…；詞族：donation,donate,donator11.foundation構詞：found(=fund,底部、基礎)+-ation，與fund同源詞族：found,founder,founding,foundation詞塊：laythefoundationsfor/of,setup/establishafoundation12.insightin+sight→眼睛看進去、用心靈的眼睛去看→深入了解詞塊：giveaninsightinto13.realityreal+-ity詞塊：inreality詞族：real,really,reality,realise,unreal14.extendex-(out向外)+tend(stretch伸)→向外伸→伸出；伸開一詞多義，基本義：伸出；伸開15.mission詞塊：apeacekeeping/rescuemission,missionaccomplished16.diseasedis-(不；非；使相反)+ease(放松；舒服)→不舒服、生病→疾病辨析義：disease尤指傳染性疾病或者身體的某個部位得?。籭llness指重病或小病均可，也可指患病期間或精神上的疾病。17.disability構詞：dis-+ability；熟詞生義：障礙詞塊：amental/physicaldisability,alearningdisability詞族：able,ability,disable,disabled,disability18.territoryterra-(land土地)+-ory(表示場所范圍)→領土；領地19.sensitive來自sense(感覺)一詞多義：基本義“敏感的”詞塊：besensitiveto20.generousgener-(birth,produce產生)+-ous(形容詞后綴)→(不斷)產生→(物)豐富的→(人)慷慨的句式：it’sgenerousofsbtodosth,begeneroustosb/withsth派生詞：generosity,generously21.hesitate詞塊：(not)hesitatetodosth,hesitateabout/over派生詞：hesitation22.assistanceassist(v

幫助)+-ance詞族：assist,

assistance,assistant23.registrationregister(v

注冊)→registration24.confirmationconfirm(v

確認、證實)→confirmationcontribute&contribution重難點詞精講一詞多義extend一詞多義搭配義earn一詞多義辨析義sensitivehesitate一詞多義foundation熟詞生義contributev

vt&vi貢獻；捐助；捐獻：Itwasgenerousofhertocontributesuchalargesumofmoney.contribute(sth)tosth:ImmigrantshavecontributedtoAmericancultureinmanyways.contribute(money)totheRedCross

vi

造成/促使（某事發(fā)生）tohelptomakesthhappen：Alcoholcontributesto100,000deathsayearintheUS.Stressisacontributingfactorinmanyillnesses.

vt&vi投（稿）；撰（稿）：Shecontributedanumberofarticlestothemagazine.溫故：必修二U6con-

(一起)+tribute(貢品)→contribute(一起把貢品獻給)→貢獻contributionn[C]

貢獻：IadmireEdisonalotbecausehemadeagreatcontributiontotheworld.2008湖南書面表達改

捐款；捐獻物：Imadeacontributionof$100to/towardthechurch.

稿件；作品：Thisisamagazinewithcontributionsfromwell-knowntravelwriters.?contributorn[C]捐款人；撰稿人；起作用的因素同結構：waytosth,keytosth,solutiontosthcontribute語義網絡圖貢獻contribute(基本義)“貢獻”人力、物力、財力等為某事的發(fā)生做“貢獻”“貢獻”稿件等貢獻；捐助；捐獻造成/促使(某事發(fā)生)

投

(稿)；撰(稿)貢獻contribution捐款；捐獻物稿件；作品10donate和contributedonate√contribute√donate√contribute√donate√contribute×11donatevt&vi捐贈；贈送：Theretiredmandonatedmostofhissavingstotheschooldamagedbytheearthquake.2010江蘇donationn[C]&[U]捐贈；贈送；捐贈物；捐款：agenerous/large/smalldonation二者均可表示“捐獻”，其后均可接to。表示捐錢或衣物時，二者可互換使用。?Itismoremeaningfultodonate/contributebooksandsportsgoodstochildreninneed.2013

江蘇改donate還有“獻血”之意。?Manypeoplehavedonatedthattypeofblood.2012北京contribute側重指“貢獻”，通常指貢獻財力、物力、智力等。此外，contribute還可表示“促成”、“起作用”、“投稿”的意思。?Ibelievethateachofuscancontributetothefutureoftheworld.?Honestyandhardworkcontributetosuccessandhappiness.?Thescientistoftencontributestoanacademicjournal.辨

donate,contribute辨donation,contributioncontribution

指人們?yōu)橹С帜硤F體、某機構而提供的物品，如為某學校、劇團等所捐贈的錢、物、設備等。?makeacontributon/donationtocharitydonation除了指為某團體、某機構而提供的物品外，還特指向窮苦人民、受災群眾捐贈的衣服、糧食或物品等。?Thisisadonationofmoneytothedisasterarea.earnearnpocketmoney賺零花錢topearners最賺錢的人earn

v

vt&vi賺得；掙得：earnascholarship

earnmoney/anincome/afortuneMygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellingthefish.2018全國

vt

博得；贏得：Heearnedpraiseforhonesty.earna/one’sliving謀生：Youareoldenoughtoearnyourownliving.2011遼寧?earningsn[C]［復數］薪水；工資?earnern[C]賺錢者基本義掙得美好事物看圖猜詞foundationfoundation

[C]&[U]基礎；基本原則；根據theidea,principle,orfactonwhichsthisbased：Thefoundationofeverystateisitseducationofitsyouth.“LiandalaidthefoundationforeveryachievementIhavemade,”YangZhenningrecalled.

[U]創(chuàng)建；創(chuàng)辦(establishment)：thefoundationofthefirstuniversity

[C]［常用復數］地基；房基：Howlongwillittaketofinishdiggingthefoundations?

[C]基金會：Children’sFoundationofChina詞源：found(=fund,底部、基礎)+-ation，與fund同源Theyear2021isarriving.FromChina’scapitalBeijing,IextendmyNewYearwishes

to

youall!2021年的腳步越來越近,我在北京向大家致以新年的美好祝福!extendThisroadextendstotheriver.TheirstayextendstotheNewYear.Thetravelersdecidedtoextendtheirvisittoseemoreaboutthebeautifulcountry.extend由前綴

ex-“向外”+詞根

tend“伸”構成，即“向外伸”→“伸出”“伸開”。extend詞源解讀extendv

vt

伸開；展開；伸出：Extendyourleft

hand.

vt&vi（使）延伸；（使）延長：

vt&vi（使）擴大；（使）擴展：anextendedfamilyThecompanyextendeditsservicestoHongKong.

vt

[正式用語]提供；給予：Thechairmanextendedawarmwelcometotheguestspeaker.Iwouldliketoextendmythankstoallourteachers,parentsandfamilies,whohavedonesomuchforusovertheyears.?extensionn[C]&[U]

延伸；擴大；延長期：avisaextensionThewirehasanextensionof

50feet.Theextensionofthegardenwilltakeseveralweeks.ThepubhadanextensiononChristmasEve.

擴建部分：Thecityisbuildinganextensiontothesubwayline.

電話分機；分機號碼：Extension326,please!beextension[正式用語]再則

extend語義網絡圖

伸開/伸出

extend（基本義）使身體部位伸開/伸出使距離或時間伸開/伸出使業(yè)務或影響伸開/伸出

伸開；展開伸出

（使）延伸；（使）延長

（使）擴大；（使）擴展使行動、情感等伸開/伸出至某人處

提供；給予sensitive玻璃心是一種網絡用語，意指自己的心像玻璃一樣易碎，用來形容敏感脆弱的心理狀態(tài)，經不起批評指責或者嘲諷。人并非生來就強大，每個人都有著脆弱敏感的一面，而我們要做的，就是在漫漫人生旅途中，不斷強化自己，將自己的“玻璃心”打磨成“鉆石心”。sensitive詞源解讀

善解人意的；體恤的：Sheisverysensitivetootherpeople’sfeelings.

（感情）敏感的；易生氣的：averysensitivechildSheisverysensitivetocriticism.

（對光、溫度等）敏感的；過敏的；易受影響的：Myteethareverysensitive

tocoldfood.

（話題、形勢等）敏感的：ahighlysensitivetopicsensitive

adj.表示對食物“過敏的”還有單詞allergic，它們之間的差別在于allergic涉及到了身體的免疫系統。sensitive來自sense“感覺”，可以解釋為“感覺敏銳的”，基本義為“敏感的”。敏感的sensitive（基本義）對別人的感受敏感自己的感覺很敏感身體對外界敏感話題等令人敏感sensitive語義網絡圖

善解人意的；體恤的

（感情）敏感的；易生氣的

（對光、溫度等）敏感的;過敏的;易受影響的

（話題、形勢等）敏感的hesitateBetweengeniusanddiligence,Idonothesitatetochoosediligence.

Sheisalmostalltheachievementsintheworld. —Einstein在天才和勤奮兩者之間，我毫不遲疑地選擇勤奮。她是幾乎世界上一切成就的催產婆。

——愛因斯坦阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦（AlbertEinstein），出生于德國，畢業(yè)于蘇黎世聯邦理工學院，猶太裔物理學家。后移居美國。主要成就有提出光量子假說（LightQuantumHypothesis），解決光電效應（photoelectriceffect）問題，創(chuàng)立狹義相對論（SpecialRelativity）、廣義相對論（GeneralRelativity）等。hesitatevi

躊躇；猶豫；顧慮：

Hehesitatedbeforehereplied.①hesitatetodosth：Ihesitatetotellyouthetruth.Don’thesitatetoaskmeifyouhaveanyquestions.2017全國書面表達②

hesitateabout/over：Shehesitatedabout/overthechoicebetweenthetwodresses.?hesitationn[U]&[C]

躊躇；猶豫：Iacceptthejobwithouthesitation.2011廣東本單元金句匯總1.IadmireEdisonalotbecausehemadeagreatcontributiontotheworld.2008湖南書面表達改2.Youareoldenoughtoearnyourownliving.2011遼寧3.Iwouldliketoextendmythankstoallourteachers,parentsandfamilies,whohavedonesomuchforusovertheyears.4.Sheisverysensitivetootherpeople’sfeelings.5.Don’thesitatetoaskmeifyouhaveanyquestions.2017全國書面表達6.Iacceptthejobwithouthesitation.2011廣東隨堂檢測一、選出適當的單詞，并用其正確形式填空。1.All____________________（捐款）willbegratefullyreceived.2.All________________（稿件）fortheMayissuemustbereceivedbyFriday.3.Hetookpridein_________________________________totheworld.（2014廣東）4.Manypeoplehave____________thattypeofblood;however,thebloodbankneedsmore.（2012北京）5.Theladyhas__________________aconsiderableamountofsavingstohelpcollegestudentsstrugglingwithfinancialdifficulties.（2014廣東）二、將下列句子翻譯成英語。1.他給那所學校捐了一萬美元。(contribution)_______________________________________________________________2.他對項目的成功做出了杰出貢獻。(contribution)____________________________________________________________contribute&contribution&donate&donationHemadeacontributionof10,000dollarsto/toward(s)theschool.Hemadeagreatcontributiontothesuccessoftheproject.contributions/donationscontributionshavingcontributed/hiscontributiondonateddonated/contributedcontribute,contribution,donate,donation根據所給漢語，完成下列句子。1.Ithastakenyearsto___________________（贏得他們的信任）.2.Asateacher,shehad_____________________________（贏得了她學生的尊敬）.3.Iwishwecouldhelphimto___________________（掙錢）.Hisfamilyissufferingsomuch.（2020山東改）4.Althoughthesebookswillnothelpyouto___________________（謀生）,theywillhelpyoutolivemorefully.earntheirtrustearnedtherespectofherstudentsearnmoneyearnearnyour/aliving根據句意寫出foundation的漢語釋義。1.SheplanstostartafoundationforhomelesschildrenandwantstobuildacommunitycentreinWaterhouse.（2016江蘇）

__________2.StartinglearningEnglishfromchildhoodwillhelpstudentslayasolidfoundationfortheirfutureEnglishlearning. ___________3.Jackscrews（螺旋千斤頂）areusedtoseparatethelarge,heavystructuresfromtheirfoundations.（2015湖南改）

___________4.SincethefoundationofNewChina,thedevelopmentoftheChinesenationhasenteredanewera. ___________

foundation地基成立基金會基礎extend一、翻譯下列短語。1.擴建房子

___________________2.延長最后期限__________________3.向某人伸出友誼之手__________________4.向……致以熱烈的問候___________________二、根據句意寫出畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Weshalldowhateverwecantoextendourservice.______________2.Carefulusecanextendthelifeofyourwashingmachine.______________3.Althoughthemarathonisaphysicaltest,thelessonslearnedextendfarbeyondthebody. ______________extendthehouseextendthedeadlineextendthehandoffriendshiptosb擴展延長壽命延伸extendawarmgreetingto一、翻譯下列短語。1.敏感皮膚___________________2.對光線敏感__________________3.政治敏感問題__________________二、根據句意寫出畫線部分的漢語釋