初中英語(yǔ)九年級(jí)全一冊(cè) Section A Grammar focusa-4b

SectionAGrammarfocus4a—4bWhatdoyouusuallydoonweekends?Iusually/often/…surftheInternet

surfgoshoppingdosomecleaningreadbooksGrammar一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):

SimplePresentTense概念:

表示習(xí)慣、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作;表示客觀真理或事實(shí)

Lighttravelsfasterthansound.結(jié)構(gòu):

1.am\is\are+表語(yǔ)Sheisabeautifulgirl.2.Thereis\areThereisabookonthedesk.3.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)Heusuallygetsupateighto’clock.標(biāo)志語(yǔ)：usually、often、

sometimes、onceaweek、

twiceamonth、everyyear一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)：主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)時(shí)：1.一般情況下是在動(dòng)詞后面加s2.以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的單詞后面加es3.以輔音加y結(jié)尾的單詞，把y變?yōu)閕加es.4.不規(guī)則變化：have-hasbe-isgo-goesdo-doesExerciseThetwins___________(wash)theclotheseveryday.Sometimeshe________(play)basketballoverthere.Howoften____Sally______(sing)?washplaysdoessingReportIhaveafriend.His/Hernameis….He/Sheplays….Grammar一般過(guò)去時(shí):

PastSimpleTense概念:

表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作結(jié)構(gòu):

did,was/were(過(guò)去時(shí)）例句：Iwenttotheparkyesterday.Iwashappyyesterday.標(biāo)志語(yǔ)：yesterday、...ago、justnowin1992、lastweek/month…動(dòng)詞-ed形式的構(gòu)成：(規(guī)則變化）在動(dòng)詞后加-ed以字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只+d“輔音字母+y”，變y為i,再+ed重讀閉音節(jié)以一個(gè)元音+輔音字母結(jié)尾的，雙寫+edwantanswermovediecarrycrystopplanwantedmoveddiedcarriedcriedstoppedplannedansweredgotdranktookwentswamatecutwerehaddidcamesaidsawput不規(guī)則過(guò)去式gettakegoswimeatdrinkarehavedocomecutputsayseeNotice:表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，我們也經(jīng)常與always,usually,often,sometimes等連用

Heoften

playedfootballwithhisclassmatesafterclasswhenhewasachild.2.Since從句常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)

ItistenyearssinceIcamehere.ExerciseThetwins___________(wash)theclothesyesterday.Thedaybeforeyesterdayhe________(play)basketballoverthere._____Sally______(sing)twohoursago?washedplayedDidsingGrammar現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):

PresentContinuousTense概念:

表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作結(jié)構(gòu):be(is,am,are)+doing標(biāo)志語(yǔ)：

Look!Listen!now、atthemoment、rightnow、atpresent、一般在動(dòng)詞原形后+ing以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的，去e，+ing重讀閉音節(jié)以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的，雙寫這一字母+ing動(dòng)詞-ing形式的構(gòu)成：writingtakinggettingrunningswimminggoinggoaskwritetakegetrunswimaskingExerciseThetwins___________(wash)theclothesnow.Look!He________(play)basketballoverthere.Listen!______Sally_______(sing)?arewashingisplayingIssingingLook!Lily

Lucy

DescribeWhatafinedaytoday!Look....

Grammar過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):

PastContinuousTense概念:

表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作結(jié)構(gòu):be(was，were)+doing標(biāo)志語(yǔ)：at8:00yesterday、atthatmoment、

when、while、…一般在動(dòng)詞原形后+ing以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的，去e，+ing重讀閉音節(jié)以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的，雙寫這一字母+ing動(dòng)詞-ing形式的構(gòu)成：writingtakinggettingrunningswimminggoinggoaskwritetakegetrunswimasking最常用于以when,while及as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：指動(dòng)詞可以延續(xù)一段時(shí)間而不是瞬間結(jié)束。如：workstudydrinkeat

非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：指動(dòng)作極為短暫，瞬間結(jié)束。如：startbeginjumpknock1.當(dāng)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，用when,while或as引導(dǎo)

Iwasdrawingthepicturewhenmyfriendcame.Jonewastalkingwithhisclassmateswhenteachercalledhim.

4.4.如果表示兩個(gè)短動(dòng)作或事件同時(shí)發(fā)生，常用as，whenAshecaughttheball,therewasatearingsound.2.當(dāng)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示瞬間動(dòng)作時(shí)，不可用while引導(dǎo)。

Hewasonthepointofleavingwhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.

3.如果討論兩個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作，最常用while.WhileJohnwaswatchingTV,Iwasstudying.Exercise1.He______(work)atthattime.2.Whentheteacher____(come),they_____(talk)loudly.3.She____(do)herhomeworkthistimeyesterday.wasworkingcameweretalkingwasdoingGrammar現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):

PresentPerfectTense概念:

表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(強(qiáng)調(diào)不久前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響）結(jié)構(gòu):

havedone/been/gone（過(guò)去分詞）規(guī)則性變化的動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成與動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。

標(biāo)志語(yǔ)：肯定句：already、just、for疑問(wèn)或否定句：yet、ever、never

位置：yet置于句末，already,never,ever,just置于助動(dòng)詞have\has之后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前。

①表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，并且已經(jīng)結(jié)束

Hehasleft.Ihavealreadyhadarest.②表示動(dòng)作雖然已經(jīng)完成，但還要繼續(xù)（在這個(gè)用法中，動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，常與for引導(dǎo)的一段時(shí)間和since引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)連用）

Hehasbeenawayfortwodays.Thebirdhasbeendeadforamonth.不規(guī)則過(guò)去分詞getgoeataredocutsaygotgottenwentgoneateeatencutcutwerebeendiddonesaidsaid不規(guī)則過(guò)去分詞takeswimdrinkhavecomeputseetooktakenswamswumdrankdrunkputputhadhadcamecomesawseen現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)：1.Havebeento“過(guò)去曾去過(guò)某地”表示說(shuō)話時(shí)已從該地回來(lái)或已從該地去了某地、總之現(xiàn)在不在該地。

IhavebeentoHangZhoumanytimes.2.Havegoneto”已經(jīng)去了某地“表示說(shuō)話時(shí)不在說(shuō)話地點(diǎn)，在去某地途中或已到某地現(xiàn)在還未回來(lái)。

WhereisMr.Green?HehasgonetoLondon.ExerciseThetwins___________(wash)theclothesforanhour.He________(play)basketballsincethreeyearsago.Howlong_____Sally______(sing)yet?havewashedhasplayedhassungGrammar過(guò)去完成時(shí):

PastPerfectTense概念:

時(shí)間截止到過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成（表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已完成）(坐標(biāo)軸）結(jié)構(gòu):

haddone（過(guò)去分詞）標(biāo)志語(yǔ)：bythetime,或主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)的賓語(yǔ)從句中賓語(yǔ)從句：Iheardthattheyhadpassedtheexam.過(guò)去完成時(shí)與after,before,assoonas,till/until等引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的從句連用，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間先后。例句：在他們到達(dá)之前電影已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了。Beforetheyarrivedherethefilmhadstarted.我完成作業(yè)了，就去睡覺(jué)了。Lastnight,assoonasIhadfinishedmyworkIwenttosleep.他作業(yè)做完后，就出去了。Afterhehadfinishedhisworkhewentout.1.We______(learn)manynewwordsbytheendoflastterm.2.Hesaidhe_____(be)toHawaiitwice.3.He_____(go)toEnglandbefore2000ExercisehadlearnhadbeenhadgoneGrammar一般將來(lái)時(shí):SimpleFutureTense概念:

表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備要做的事結(jié)構(gòu):

willdo、be(is、am、are)+goingtodo標(biāo)志語(yǔ)：tomorrow、intwomonths、

nextmonth、soon

Notice：Begoingto與will的區(qū)別Begoingto表示近期計(jì)劃或眼下要發(fā)生的事情；根據(jù)一些跡象明顯要發(fā)生的情況will則表示時(shí)間上較遠(yuǎn)一些發(fā)生的事情,未經(jīng)計(jì)劃；另外在禮貌詢問(wèn)時(shí)，我們也常常用will/shall而不用于begoingto.Eg:Lookatthosebigblackclouds.It__rain.AmustBwillCwouldDisgoingtoItwillbe和Therewillbe的區(qū)別

Itwillbe+形容詞

Itwillberainy/cool/warm.Therewillbe+名詞Therewillberain/wind/snow.Notice:在有條件狀語(yǔ)從句或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句中只用will而不用begoingto.如：

MumwillgotoBeijingifitdoesnotraintomorrow.Whenyougethome,youwillfindanewbikeinyourgarden.Grammar過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí):Past

FutureTense概念:

表示從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu):

woulddo

be(was、were)goingto

do過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的依據(jù)：要有表示過(guò)去的“動(dòng)作”，而不是“時(shí)間”標(biāo)志語(yǔ)：常用于主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的賓語(yǔ)從句中1.MissZhangsaidshe

(visit)theGreatWallnextsummer.2.Shetoldhimthatshe

hereforlong.3.Iwasnotsure