英語六級(jí)真題及答案

201212月大學(xué)英語六級(jí)(CET-6)真題試Part(30201212月大學(xué)英語六級(jí)(CET-6)真題試Part(30Direction:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayentitledManandComputerbycommentingonthesaying,“Therealdangerisnotthatthecomputerwillbegintothinklikeman,butthatmanwillbegintothinklikethecomputer.”Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.ManandPartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.ThirstgrowsforlivingMorepeoplearetakingbreaksfromtheconnectedlifeamidthestillnessandquietofretreatsliketheJesuitCenterinWernersville,Pennsylvania.Aboutayearago,IflewtoSingaporetojointhewriterMalcolmGladwell,thefashiondesignerMarcEckoandthegraphicdesignerStefanSagmeisterinaddressingagroupofadvertisingpeopleon“MarketingtotheChildofTomorrow.”SoonafterIarrived,thechiefexecutiveoftheagencythathadinvitedustookmeaside.Whathewasmostinterestedin,hebegan,wasstillnessandquiet.Afewmonthslater,Ireadaninterviewwiththewell-knowncutting-edgedesignerPhilippeWhatallowedhimtoremainsoconsistentlyaheadofthecurve?“IneverreadanymagazinesorwatchTV,”hesaid,perhapswithalittleexaggeration.“NordoIgotococktailparties,dinnersoranythinglikethat.”Helivedoutsideconventionalideas,heimplied,because“Ilivealonemostly,inthemiddleofnowhere.”1/Aroundthesametime,Inoticedthatthosewhopartwith$2,285anighttostayinacliff-toproomatAroundthesametime,Inoticedthatthosewhopartwith$2,285anighttostayinacliff-toproomatthePostRanchInninBigSur,California,paypartlyfortheprivilegeofnothavingaTVintheirrooms;thefutureoftravel,I’mreliablytold,liesin“black-holeresorts,”whichchargehighpricespreciselybecauseyoucan’tgetonlineintheirrooms.HasitreallycometoThemorewayswehavetoconnect,themoremanyofusseemdesperatetounplug.InternetrescuecampsinSouthKoreaandChinatrytosavekidsaddictedtothescreen.WriterfriendsofminepaygoodmoneytogettheFreedomsoftwarethatenablesthemtodisabletheveryInternetconnectionsthatseemedsoemancipatingnotlongago.EvenIntelexperimentedin2007withconferringfouruninterruptedhoursofquiettime(nophoneore-mail)everyTuesdaymorningon300engineersandmanagers.Workerswerenotallowedtousethephoneorsende-mail,butsimplyhadthechancetocleartheirheadsandtohearthemselvesthink.TheaverageAmericanspendsatleasteightandahalfhoursadayinfrontofascreen,NicholasCarrnotesinhisbookTheShallows.TheaverageAmericanteenagersendsorreceives75textmessagesaday,thoughonegirlmanagedtohandleanaverageof10,000every24hoursforaSinceluxuryisafunctionofscarcity,thechildrenoftomorrowwilllongfornothingmorethanintervalsoffreedomfromalltheblinkingmachines,streamingvideosandscrollingheadlinesthatleavethemfeelingemptyandtoofullallatonce.Theurgencyofslowingdown—tofindthetimeandspacetothink—isnothingnew,ofcourse,andwisersoulshavealwaysremindedusthatthemoreattentionwepaytothemoment,thelesstimeandenergywehavetoplaceitinsomelargercontext.“Distractionistheonlythingthatconsolesusforourmiseries,”theFrenchphilosopherBlaisePascalwroteinthe17thcentury,“andyetitisitselfthegreatestofourmiseries.”Healsofamouslyremarkedthatallofman’sproblemscomefromhisinabilitytositquietlyinaroomalone.Whentelegraphsandtrainsbroughtintheideathatconveniencewasmoreimportantthancontent,HenryDavidThoreauremindedusthatthemanwhosehorsetrots(奔跑amileinaminutedoesnotcarrythemostimportantmessages.”MarshallMcLuhan,whocamecloserthanmosttoseeingwhatwascoming,warned,“Whenthingscomeatyouveryfast,naturallyyoulosetouchwithyourself.”Wehavemoreandmorewaystocommunicate,butlessandlesstosay.Partlybecausewearesobusycommunicating.Andwearerushingtomeetsomanydeadlinesthatwehardlyregisterthatwhatweneedmostarelifelines.Sowhattodo?MoreandmorepeopleIknowseemtobeturningtoyoga,ormeditation(沉思),ortaichi(太極)；thesearen’tNewAgefads(時(shí)尚的事物)somuchaswaystoconnectwithwhatcouldbecalledthewisdomofoldageTwofriendsofmineobserveanInternetsabbath(安息日)”everyweek,turningofftheironlineconnectionsfromFridaynighttoMondaymorning.Otherfriendstakewalksand“forget”theircellphonesathome.Aseriesoftestsinrecentyearshasshown,Mr.Carrpointsout,thatafterspendingtimeinquietruralsettings,subjects“exhibitgreaterattentiveness,strongermemoryandgenerallyimproved2/cognition.Theirbrainscognition.TheirbrainsbecomebothcalmerandsharperMorethanthat,empathy(同感，共鳴)，aswellasdeepthought,depends(asneuroscientistslikeAntonioDamasiohavefound)onneuralprocessesthatare“inherentlyslow.”IturntoeccentricmeasurestotrytokeepmymindsoberandensurethatIhavetimetodonothingatall(whichistheonlytimewhenIcanseewhatIshouldbedoingtherestofthetime).IhaveyettouseacellphoneandIhaveneverTweetedorenteredFacebook.Itrynottogoonlinetillmyday’swritingisfinished,andImovedfromManhattantoruralJapaninpartsoIcouldmoreeasilysurviveforlongstretchesentirelyonfoot.Noneofthisisamatterofasceticism(苦行主義)；itisjustpureselfishness.Nothingmakesmefeelbetterthanbeinginoneplace,absorbedinabook,aconversation,ormusic.Itisactuallysomethingdeeperthanmerehappiness:itisjoy,whichthemonk(僧侶)DavidSteindl-Rastdescribesas“thatkindofhappinessthatdoesn’tdependonwhathappens.”Itisvital,ofcourse,tostayintouchwiththeworld.Butitisonlybyhavingsomedistancefromtheworldthatyoucanseeitwhole,andunderstandwhatyoushouldbedoingwithit.Formorethan20years,therefore,Ihavebeengoingseveraltimesayear—oftenfornolongerthanthreedays—toaBenedictinehermitage(修道院)，40minutesdowntheroad,asithappens,fromthePostRanchInn.Idon’tattendserviceswhenIamthere,andIhavenevermeditated,thereoranywhere;Ijusttakewalksandreadandlosemyselfinthestillness,recallingthatitisonlybysteppingbrieflyawayfrommywifeandbossesandfriendsthatIwillhaveanythingusefultobringtothem.ThelasttimeIwasinthehermitage,threemonthsago,Ihappenedtomeetwithayoungish-lookingmanwitha3-year-oldboyaroundhisshoulders.“You’rePico,aren’tyou?”themansaid,andintroducedhimselfasLarry;wehadmet,Igathered,19yearsbefore,whenhehadbeenlivinginthehermitageasanassistanttooneofthe“Whatareyoudoingnow?”Iasked.Wesmiled.Nowordswere“ItrytobringmykidshereasoftenasIcan,”hewenton.Thechildoftomorrow,Irealized,mayactuallybeaheadofus,intermsofsensingnotwhatisnew,butwhatisessential.1.WhatisspecialaboutthePostRanchItsroomsarewellfurnishedbutdimlyItmakesguestsfeellikefallingintoablackThereisnoaccesstotelevisioninitsItprovidesalltheluxuriesitsguestscanthink2.WhatdoestheauthorsaythechildrenoftomorrowwillneedConvenienceandcomfortineverydayTimeawayfromallelectronic3/MoreactivitiestofillMoreactivitiestofillintheirleisureGreaterchancesforindividual3.WhatdoestheFrenchphilosopherBlaisePascalsayaboutItleadsustolotsofItrendersusunabletoIthelpsreleaseourexcessItisourgreatestmiseryin4.AccordingtoMarshallMcLuhan,whatwillhappenifthingscomeatusveryWewillnotknowwhattodowithourownWewillbebusyreceivingandsendingWewillfinditdifficulttomeetourWewillnotnoticewhatisgoingonaround5.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutyoga,meditationandtaiTheyhelppeopleunderstandancientTheycontributetophysicalandmentalTheyarewaystocommunicatewithTheykeeppeoplefromvarious6.WhatisneuroscientistAntonioDamasio’sQuietruralsettingscontributealottolongOne’sbrainbecomessharpwhenitisEccentricmeasuresareneededtokeepone’smindWhenpeoplethinkdeeply,theirneuralprocessesare7.TheauthormovedfromManhattantoruralJapanpartlybecausehecould stayawayfromthenoiseofthebiglivewithoutmodernenjoythebeautifulviewofthepracticeasceticisminalocalInordertoseetheworldwhole,theauthorthinksitnecessaryto Theauthortakeswalksandreadsandloseshimselfinthestillnessofthehermitagesothathecanbringhiswifeandbossesandfriends Theyoungish-lookingmantakeshislittleboytothehermitagefrequentlysothatwhenhegrowsuphewillknow 4/PartListening（35SectionPartListening（35SectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.AftereachquestiontherewillSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.11.A)AskhisbossforalighterTradeplaceswithsomeoneAccepttheextraworkLookforamoresuitable12.A)ItisunusualforhiswifetobeathomeHeisuncertainwherehiswifeisattheItisstrangeforhiswifetocallhimatHedoesnotbelievewhatthewomanhastold13.A)ThemanisgoingtosendoutthememoThemanwilldrivethewomantotheThespeakersaretravelingbytraintomorrowThewomanisconcernedwiththeman’s14.A)ThesuitebookedwasforadifferentTheroombookedwasonadifferentTheroombookedwasnotspaciousAsuitewasbookedinsteadofadouble15.A)ThereasonforlowThecompany’ssalesThefiercecompetitiontheyThelackofeffective5/16.A)Goandget16.A)GoandgetthegroceriesatManagewithwhattheyDosomeshoppingontheirwayHavethegroceriesdeliveredto17.A)ThehotweatherinTheproblemwiththeairTheridiculousrulesoftheTheatmosphereinthe18.A)SetanewstoneinherFindthepricelessjewelsheBuyaringwithpreciousShoponOxfordStreetforadecentQuestions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejust19.A)DamagingpublicDestroyingurbanOrganisingralliesintheHurtingbabyanimalsinthe20.A)HehadbribedtheparkkeeperstokeepPeoplehaddifferingopinionsabouthisTheseriousconsequencesofhisdoingswerenotfullyHisbehaviourwasthoughttohaveresultedfrommental21.A)Too6/22.A)Encouragingothersto22.A)Encouragingotherstofollowhiswrong-StealingendangeredanimalsfromtheOrganisingpeopleagainsttheAttackingtheparkkeepersinbroadQuestions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejust23.A)ShehasalreadyleftSheworksfortheSheisfondofpracticalSheisgoodatforeign24.A)HeisinterestedinscienceHeattendsaboardingHespeaksFrenchandHeisthebrightestofherthree25.A)ComprehensiveschoolsdonotofferqualityParentsdecidewhatschoolstheirchildrenaretoPublicschoolsareusuallybiggerinsizethanprivateChildrenfromlowincomefamiliescan’treallychooseSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejust7/26.A)Encouragethestudents26.A)EncouragethestudentstodocreativeHelpthestudentstodevelopcommunicationCultivatethestudents’abilitytoinspireFocusonteachingthevariousfunctionsof27.A)HisteachingcareerattheHarvardBusinessHispersonalinvolvementinbusinessHispresidencyatcollegeandexperienceHiseducationandprofessorshipatBabson28.A)DevelopmentoftheirrawbrainExposuretotheliberalartsandImprovementoftheirabilityincapitalKnowledgeofup-to-dateinformation29.A)ReportsonbusinessandgovernmentHiscontactwithgovernmentandbusinessDiscoveriesofcheatingamongMBATheincreasinginfluenceofthemassPassageQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejust30.A)TheyhavebetteroptionsfortheirkidsthanTheunreasonablyhightuitionisbeyondtheirThequalityofhighereducationmaynotbeworththeTheythinkthattheirkidsshouldpayfortheirown31.A)TheydotoomanyextracurricularTheytendtoselectlessdemandingTheytakepart-timejobstosupportTheythinkfewofthecoursesworth8/32.A)Itssamplesare32.A)ItssamplesarenotrepresentativeItssignificanceshouldnotbeItsfindingscomeasasurprisetomanyItscriteriaforacademicprogressarePassageQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejust33.A)AnewlymarriedAbusinessSomeonegoodatSomeoneyoubarely34.A)ObtainnecessaryinformationaboutyourCollectacoupleofunusualorexoticBuythebestmeatandthefreshestTrytoimproveyourcooking35.A)LosingEntertainingMakingCookingSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.9/PeoplewithdisabilitiescomprisealargebutdiversesegmentPeoplewithdisabilitiescomprisealargebutdiversesegmentofthepopulation.Itis thatover35millionAmericanshavephysical,mental,orotherdisabilities.(37) ofthesedisabilitiesare“developmental,”i.e.,theyoccurpriortotheindividual’stwenty-secondbirthday,oftenfrom(38) conditions,andaresevereenoughtoaffectthreeormoreareasofdevelopment,suchas(39) ,communicationandemployment.Mostotherdisabilitiesareconsidered(40) ,i.e.,causedbyoutsideforces.Beforethe20thcentury,onlyasmall(41) ofpeoplewithdisabilitiessurvivedforlong.Medicaltreatmentforsuchconditionsasstrokeorspinalcord(42) whosedisabilitiesshouldnothaveinherentlyaffectedtheirlifespanwereoftensomistreatedthatthey(43) .Advancementsinmedicineandsocialserviceshavecreatedaclimateinwhich(44) .Unfortunately,thesebasicsareoftenallthatisavailable.Civillibertiessuchastherighttovote,marry,getaneducation,andgainemploymenthavehistoricallybeendeniedonthebasisofdisability.(45) Disabledpeopleformedgrassrootscoalitionstoadvocatetheirrightstointegrationandmeaningfulequalityofopportunity.(46) .Inthemid-1970s,criticallegislationmandated（規(guī)定）accesstoeducation,publictransportation,andpublicfacilities,andprohibitedemploymentdiscriminationbyfederalagenciesoremployersreceivingfederalfunds.PartReadingComprehension（ReadinginDepth）（25SectionDirections:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.Questions47to54arebasedonthefollowingAkeyprocessininterpersonalinteractionisthatofsocialcomparison,inthatweevaluateourselvesintermsofhowwecomparetoothers.Inparticular,weengageintwotypesofcomparison.First,wedecidewhetherwearesuperiororinferiortoothersoncertaindimensions,suchasattractiveness,intelligence,popularity,etc.Here,theimportantaspectistocomparewithanappropriatereferencegroup.Forexample,modestjoggersshouldnotcomparetheirperformancewithOlympicstandardmarathon(馬拉松)runners.Second,wejudgetheextenttowhichwearethesameasordifferentfromothers.Atcertainstagesoflife,especiallyadolescence,thepressuretobeseenassimilartopeersisimmense.Thus,wearingtherightbrandofclothesorshoesmaybeoftheutmostimportance.Wealsoneedtoknowwhetherourthoughts,beliefsandideasareinlinewiththoseofotherpeople.Thisispartoftheprocessofself-validationwherebyweemployself-disclosurestoseeksupportforourself-concept.Peoplewhodonothaveaccesstoagoodlistenermaynotonlybedeniedtheopportunitytoheightentheirself-awareness,buttheyarealsodeniedvaluablefeedbackastothevalidityandacceptabilityoftheirinnerthoughtsandfeelings.Bydiscussingthesewithothers,wereceivefeedbackastowhethertheseareexperienceswhichothershaveaswell,orwhethertheyareless10/common.Furthermore,bygaugingthereactionstoourself-disclosureswelearnwhattypesareacceptableorunacceptablewithparticularpeopleandinspecificsituations.Onoccasionsitisthefearthatcertaindisclosuresmaycommon.Furthermore,bygaugingthereactionstoourself-disclosureswelearnwhattypesareacceptableorunacceptablewithparticularpeopleandinspecificsituations.Onoccasionsitisthefearthatcertaindisclosuresmaybeunacceptabletofamilyorfriendsthatmotivatesanindividualtoseekprofessionalhelp.Counsellorswillbefamiliarwithclientstatementssuchas:“Ijustcouldn’ttalkaboutthistomyhusband.”,“Ireallycan’tletmymotherknowmytruefeelings.”Anotheraspectofsocialcomparisoninthecounsellingcontextrelatestoatechniqueknownasnormalising.Thisistheprocesswherebyhelpersprovidereassurancetoclientsthatwhattheyareexperiencingisnotabnormaloratypical(非典型的),butisanormalreactionsharedbyotherswhenfacingsuchcircumstances.Patientdisclosure,facilitatedbythetherapist,seemsalsotofacilitatetheprocessofToevaluateourselves,theauthorthinksitimportantforustocompareourselveswith Duringadolescence,peoplegenerallyfeelanimmensepressuretoappear Itisoftendifficultforpeopletoheightentheirself-awarenesswithout WhatcanpeopledoiftheyfindwhattheythinkorsayunacceptabletofamilyorCounsellorsoftenassuretheirclientsthatwhattheyexperiencethemselvesisonly SectionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingAmidallthejoblosses,there’sonecategoryofworkerthattheeconomicdisruptionhasbeengoodfor:nonhumans.Fromself-servicecheckoutlinesatthesupermarkettoindustrialrobotsarmedwithsawsandtaughttocarveupanimalbodiesinslaughter-houses,theseever-more-intelligentmachinesarenownotjustassistingworkersbutactuallykickingthemoutoftheirjobs.Automationisn’tjustaffectingfactoryworkers,either.Somelawfirmsnowuseartificialintelligencesoftwaretoscanandreadmountainsoflegaldocuments,workthatpreviouslywasperformedbyhighly-paidhumanlawyers.“Robotscontinuetohaveanimpactonblue-collarjobs,andwhite-collarjobsareunderattackbymicroprocessors,”sayseconomicsprofessorEdwardLeamer.Therecessionpermanentlywipedout2.5millionjobs.U.S.grossdomesticproducthasclimbedbacktopre-recessionlevels,meaningwe’reproducingasmuchasbefore,onlywith6%fewerworkers.Tobesure,roboticsarenottheonlyjobkillersoutthere,withoutsourcing(外包)stealingfarmorejobsthanautomation.11/JeffBurnstein,presidentofJeffBurnstein,presidentoftheRoboticsIndustryAssociation,arguesthatrobotsactuallyU.S.jobs.Hislogic:companiesthatembraceautomationmightusefewerworkers,butthat’sstillbetterthanfiringeveryoneandmovingtheworkoverseas.It’snotthatrobotsarecheaperthanhumans,thoughoftentheyare.It’sthatthey’rebetter.“Insomecasesthequalityrequirementsaresoexactingthatevenifyouwantedtohaveahumandothejob,youcouldn’t,”Burnsteinsays.Samegoesforsurgeons,who’reusingroboticsystemstoperformanever-growinglistofoperations—notbecausethemachinessavemoneybutbecause,thankstothegreaterprecisionofrobots,thepatientsrecoverinlesstimeandhavefewercomplications,saysDr.MyriamCuret.Surgeonsmaysurvivetherobotinvasion,butothersatthehospitalmightnotbesolucky,asiRobot,makeroftheRoomba,arobotvacuumcleaner,hasbeenshowingoffAva,whichcouldbeusedasamessengerinahospital.Andonceyou’rehome,recovering,Avacouldletyoutalktoyourdoctor,sothere’snoneedtosendsomeonetoyourhouse.That“mobiletelepresence”couldbeusefulattheoffice.Ifyou’reawayonatrip,youcanstillattendameeting.Justconnectviavideoconferencingsoftware,soyourfaceappearsonAva’sscreen.Isanyjobsafe?Iwashopingtosay“journalist,”butresearchersarealreadydevelopingsoftwarethatcangatherfactsandwriteanewsstory.Whichmeansthatafewyearsfromnow,arobotcouldbewritingthiscolumn.Andwhowillreadit?Well,theremightbealotofushangingaroundwithlotsoffreetimeonourhands.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答52.WhatdowelearnfromthefirstfewTheover-useofrobotshasdonedamagetoAmericanItishardforrobotstoreplacehumansinhighlyprofessionalArtificialintelligenceiskeytofuturetechnologicalTheroboticindustryhasbenefitedfromtheeconomic53.WhatcausedthegreatestlossofjobsinUsingmicroprocessorsMovingproductiontootherThebankruptcyofmanyTheinvasionofmigrant54.WhatdoesJeffBurnsteinsayaboutA)Theyhelpcompaniesto12/TheyarecheaperthanTheyarecheaperthanTheypreventjoblossesinaTheycompetewithhuman55.WhyareroboticsystemsreplacingsurgeonsinmoreandmoreoperationsaccordingtoDr.MyriamCuret?TheysavelotsofmoneyfortheTheybeathumansinTheytakelesstimetoperformaTheymakeoperationsless56.WhatdoestheauthorimplyaboutItwillgreatlyenrichliteraryItwillstartanewtechnologicalItwillrevolutionizescientificItwillbeappliedinanyfieldPassageQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingYou’venowhearditsomanytimes,youcanprobablyrepeatitinyoursleep.PresidentObamawillnodoubtmakethepointpubliclywhenhegetstoBeijing:theChineseneedtoconsumemore;theyneed—believeitornot—tobecomemorelikeAmericans,forthesakeoftheglobaleconomy.Andit’salltrue.ButtheothersideofthatequationisthattheU.S.needstosavemore.Forthemoment,Americanhouseholdsactuallyaredoingso.Afterthepersonal-savingsratedippedtozeroin2005,theshockoftheeconomiccrisislastyearpromptedpeopletosnapshuttheirwallets.InChina,thehousehold-savingsrateexceeds20%.Itispartlyforpolicyreasons.Aswe’veseen,wageearnersareexpectedtocarefornotonlytheirchildrenbuttheiragingparents.Andthereis,todate,onlytheflimsiest(脆弱的)ofpublicly-fundedhealthcareandpensionsystems,whichincreasesincentivesforindividualstosavewhiletheyareworking.ButChinaisasocietythathaslongesteemedpersonalfinancialprudence(謹(jǐn)慎).Thereisnochancethatwillchangeanytimesoon,evenifthegovernmentcreatesabettersocialsafetynetandsuccessfullyencouragesgreaterconsumerspending.WhydoestheU.Sneedtolearnalittlefrugality(節(jié)儉)？Becausehealthysavingsratesareoneofthesurestindicatorsofacountry’slong-termfinancialhealth.Highsavingslead,overtime,toincreasedinvestment,whichinturngeneratesproductivitygains,innovationandjobgrowth.Inshort,savingsaretheseedcornofagoodeconomicharvest.13/TheU.S.governmentthusneedstoactaswell.Byrunningconstantdeficits,itisdis-saving,evenashouseholdssavemore.PeterOrszag,Obama’sBudgetDirector,recentlycalledtheU.S.budgetdeficitsunsustainableandhe’sright.Todate,theU.S.hasseemedunabletoseetheconsequencesofspendingsomuchmorethanistakenin.Thatneedstochange.AndthoughHuJintaoandtheTheU.S.governmentthusneedstoactaswell.Byrunningconstantdeficits,itisdis-saving,evenashouseholdssavemore.PeterOrszag,Obama’sBudgetDirector,recentlycalledtheU.S.budgetdeficitsunsustainableandhe’sright.Todate,theU.S.hasseemedunabletoseetheconsequencesofspendingsomuchmorethanistakenin.Thatneedstochange.AndthoughHuJintaoandtherestoftheChineseleadershiparen’tinclinedtolecturevisitingPresidents,hemightgentlyhintthatBeijingisgettingalittlenervousaboutthevalueofthedollar—whichhasfallen15%sinceMarch,inlargepartbecauseofincreasingfearsthatAmerica’sdebtloadisbecomingThat’swhathappenswhenyou’retheworld’sbiggestcreditor:yougettodrophintslikethat,whichwouldbeenoughbythemselvestocreateinternationaleconomicchaosiftheywereeverleaked.(EverytimeanyofficialinBeijingdeliberatespubliclyaboutseekinganalternativetotheU.S.dollarforthe$2.1trillionChinaholdsinreserve,currencytradershaveaheartattack.)IfAmericanssavedmoreandspentless,consistentlyovertime,theywouldn’thavetoworryaboutall57.HowdidtheeconomiccrisisaffectTheyhadtotightentheirTheirbanksavingsratedroppedtoTheirleadershipintheglobaleconomywasTheybecameconcernedaboutChina’sfinancial58.WhatshouldbedonetoencourageChinesepeopletoChangingtheirtraditionalwayofProvidingfewerincentivesforImprovingChina’ssocialsecurityCuttingdowntheexpensesonchild-59.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“savingsaretheseedcornofagoodeconomicharvest”(Line4,Para.4)?Themoreonesaves,themorereturnsonewillAcountry’seconomyhingesonitssavingsThosewhokeepsavingwillliveaneasylifeintheAhealthysavingsratepromoteseconomic60.InwhatcircumstancesdocurrencytradersbecomeWhenBeijingallowsitscurrencyexchangeratestoWhenChinastartstoreduceitscurrentforeign14/WhenChinatalksaboutswitchingitsdollarreservestootherWhenBeijingmentionsinpublicthehugedebtsAmericaowes61.Whatistheauthor’spurposeWhenChinatalksaboutswitchingitsdollarreservestootherWhenBeijingmentionsinpublicthehugedebtsAmericaowes61.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingtheTourgetheAmericangovernmenttocutToencourageChinesepeopletospendTotellAmericansnottoworryabouttheirTopromoteunderstandingbetweenChinaandPartCloze（15Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.“Myjobiskillingme.”Whoamongushasn'tissuedthatcomplaintatleastonce?Nowanewstudysuggeststhatyourdramaticcomplaintmay somescientifictruth.The20-yearstudy,byresearchersatTelAvivUniversity, toexaminetherelationshipbetweentheworkplaceandaperson'sriskofdeath.Researchers adultswhohadundergonea physicalexamatahealthclinicin1988,andtheninterviewedthem detailabouttheirworkplaceconditions—askinghownicetheircolleagueswere,whethertheirbosswassupportiveandhowmuch theyhadintheirposition.Theparticipants inagefrom25to65atthestartofthestudyandworkedinavarietyof ,includingfinance,healthcare,manufacturingandinsurance.Theresearchers theparticipantsthroughtheirmedicalrecords:bythestudy'sconclusionin2008,53peoplehaddied—andtheyweresignificantlymorelikelythanthosewhosurvivedtoreporthavinga workenvironment.Peoplewhoreportedhavinglittleorno supportfromtheirco-workerswere2.4timesmorelikelytodie thecourseofthestudythanthosewhosaidtheyhadclose,supportive withtheirworkmates.Interestingly,theriskofdeathwas onlytopeople'sperceptionsoftheirco-workers,nottheirbosses.Peoplewhoreportednegativerelationshipswiththeirsupervisorswere likelytodiethanothers.Thestudywasobservational, itcouldnotdeterminewhethertoxicworkplaceenvironmentscauseddeath,onlythatitwas withtherisk.Butthefindingsaddtotheevidence havingasupportivesocialnetworkdecreasesstressandhelps goodhealth.Ontheotherhand,beingexposed contributestodepression,illhealthanddeath.62.A)C)15/B)A)foughtC)sought A)alliedA)routineC)graveB)nominalD)drasticA)beyondB)A)foughtC)sought A)allie