北京市東城區(qū)東直門中學2021-2022學年高二下學期期中考試英語試題（解析版）

北京市東直門中學2021-2022學年度第二學期階段考試高二英語第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。SendingMyBoyCollegeOntheplane,MatthewchoosestositwithSheryl.Thenheputsontheheadphones,andnotawordis____1____formostoftheflight.I'vetakenabreakfromreadingandamstaringatmyboy.Thelightfromhiswindowiscuttingacrosshisface,highlightinghischeekbonesandstrongjawline,makinghimlookhandsomeandgrown-up.IrememberthefirsttimeIlaideyesonhiminthe____2____room.IrememberwhatIwhisperedtohimwhenhiseyesopenedforthefirsttime:"Hello.I'myourdaddy.Iwillalwaysbethereforyou."Afterweland,wedriveontothehistoricandgrandcampuswiththecarpackedwithMatthew's____3____.Soonweunloadinfrontofthedorm.MatthewandIleaveSheryltohandlecleaningsinhisroomwhileIwillhandleotherissues:purchasingabicycleanddiscoveringwheretostoreit.Iamsurprisedathowlittlewesaytoeachotherandhowgoodthatfeels.Ithinkit'saresultofyearsspentineachother's____4____.Notjustdinnerorgood-nights:itwastimecoachinghisteams.beinginthewatersurfing,standinguptoanyonewhoeverthoughtabouttreatinghimbadly.Thatevening.eventhoughhisroomisready.hesays."Dad.IthinkI'llstaywithyouandMomtonight."IcatchSheyl'seyes:theyare____5____.Thenextmorning,afterallthefreshmenfileoutofthehallaftermeeting.Matthewshowshisfirstsignsof____6____.Thepresident'sspeechwasanode(頌歌)tothem:"themostaccomplished"classeveracceptedin"themostcompetitiveyear"intheschool'shistory.Itlookthiselegantceremonyamongaseaof____7____forMathewtorealizethecomingpressure."Dad.whatifit'stoohardformehere?"heasksme."Youcamefromatoughacademicschoolwithgreatgrades.Youmakeithappen.Thiswon'tbeanydifferent.Thisschool____8____youbecausetheyknowyoucansucceed."Noneoftheotherkidslookscared."hesays.ForthefirsttimeIcanremembersincehewasababy,Icanseehiseyesarewellingup.Iwantto____9____outandhughim.butIdon't.InsteadIlookhimintheeve."Nevercompareyourinsidestosomeelse'soutsides."Henodsandturnsaway,"IthinkImighttakeanap.""Sure,I'llwakeyouinawhile."Hecurlsupinaball,likeheusedto.Iunfoldablanket,_____10_____him,andtuckitunderneath.1.A.shared B.read C.written D.mentioned2.A.delivery B.dining C.meeting D.staff3.A.books B.snacks C.belongings D.presents4.A.memory B.experience C.compliment D.company5.A.bright B.wet C.sharp D.big6.A.curiosity B.enjoyment C.uncertainty D.disappointment7.A.parents B.stranger C.professors D.friends8.A.needed B.made C.trained D.chose9.A.go B.reach C.drop D.help10.A.comfort B.shelter C.block D.cover【答案】1.A2.A3.C4.D5.B6.C7.B8.D9.B10.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述兒子第一次上大學離開家時，作者復雜的心情和對兒子的鼓勵?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然后他戴上耳機，在整個飛行過程中，幾乎沒有人跟他說一句話。A.shared分享；B.read閱讀；C.written寫；D.mentioned提及。根據(jù)“Thenheputsontheheadphones,”可知，因為兒子戴著耳機，所以沒有人跟他說話。故選A。【2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我還記得我第一次在產房看到他的時候。A.delivery遞送；分娩；B.dining進餐；C.meeting見面；D.staff員工。deliveryroom產房。根據(jù)“IrememberwhatIwhisperedtohimwhenhiseyesopenedforthefirsttime:"Hello.I'myourdaddy.Iwillalwaysbethereforyou."”可知，這里指作者第一次在產房見到兒子的時候。故選A?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：著陸后，我們開車進入歷史悠久、宏偉的校園，車上裝著馬修的行李。A.books書；B.snacks小食；C.belongings物件；D.presents禮物。根據(jù)“Afterweland,wedriveontothehistoricandgrandcampuswiththecar”及常識可知，車上裝著兒子的行李。故選C?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我想這是我們多年陪伴的結果。A.memory記憶；B.experience經驗；C.compliment稱贊；D.company陪伴。根據(jù)“Iamsurprisedathowlittlewesaytoeachotherandhowgoodthatfeels.”可知，彼此間的默契是因為父子多年的陪伴。故選D?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我看到謝麗爾的眼睛，是濕的。A.bright明亮的；B.wet濕的；C.sharp鋒利的；D.big大的。根據(jù)“IcatchSheyl'seyes:”和常識可知，將要遠離兒子，依依不舍，所以作者妻子的眼睛是濕的。故選B。【6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：馬修開始表現(xiàn)出不確定的跡象。A.curiosity好奇；B.enjoyment享受；C.uncertainty不確定；D.disappointment失望。根據(jù)“Mathewtorealizethecomingpressure.”可知，兒子感到壓力而表現(xiàn)出對未來的不確定性。故選C。【7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在茫茫人海中，馬修終于意識到了即將到來的壓力。A.parents父母；B.stranger陌生人；C.professors教授；D.friends朋友。根據(jù)“Thepresident'sspeechwasanode(頌歌)tothem:"themostaccomplished"classeveracceptedin"themostcompetitiveyear"intheschool'shistory.”可知，兒子在陌生人的海洋中感受到壓力。故選B。【8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這所學校選擇你是因為他們知道你能成功。A.needed需要；B.made使得；C.trained訓練；D.chose選擇。根據(jù)“becausetheyknowyoucansucceed.”可知，是這所大學選擇錄取兒子。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我真想伸出手去擁抱他。A.go去；B.reach到達；C.drop落下；D.help幫助。根據(jù)“butIdon't.InsteadIlookhimintheeve.”可知，作者想伸出手去擁抱兒子。故選B?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我打開一條毯子，蓋在他身上，并它的下面卷起來。A.comfort安慰；B.shelter庇護；C.block阻塞；D.cover覆蓋。根據(jù)“Henodsandturnsaway,"IthinkImighttakeanap."”可知，兒子想打個盹，所以作者用毯子蓋在他身上。故選D。第二節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。InternationalWorkers’Dayisadaytoshowrespectfortheworkingpeopleandadvocatethespiritofhardwork.TheChineseareknownashardworkingandinventivepeople.Sinceitsreformandopening-upinthelate1970s,Chinahasliftedmorethan770millionpeopleoutof____11____(poor).Itisnowthesecond____12____(large)economyintheworld.TheChineseworkingpeoplehaverisentothechallenges,workinghardtoovercomeadversecircumstancessuchastheCOVID-19epidemic.____13____(realize)theChineseDreamofnationalrejuvenationreliesonthediligentworkofpeoplefromallwalksoflife.Theworkingpeopleshouldtaketheleadandhavecompleteconfidenceinthisgreatcause.【答案】11.poverty12.largest13.Realizing【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了勤勞和有創(chuàng)造力的中國勞動人民所作出的貢獻，和在實現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復興的中國夢中的作用?！?1題詳解】考查名詞。句意：自20世紀70年代末改革開放以來，中國已使7.7億多人擺脫了貧困。固定搭配outofpoverty(脫貧、擺脫貧困)，用不可數(shù)名詞poverty作賓語。故填poverty。【12題詳解】考查形容詞最高級。句意：中國現(xiàn)在是世界第二大經濟體。序數(shù)詞后常用形容詞最高級，該空指“第二大的”，用形容詞最高級largest作定語，修飾名詞economy。故填largest。【13題詳解】考查動名詞。句意：實現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復興的中國夢，有賴于社會各界人士的辛勤工作。realize用動名詞形式作主語，首字母大寫。故填Realizing。B閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空?！癐t’ssocute!”“Iwantone!”Sincesuchpostsspreadonsocialmedia,the2022BeijingWinterOlympicsmascotBingDwenDwen____14____(become)astaracrosstheglobe.Thelovablepandawearsafull-body“shell”____15____(make)outofice,whichlookslikeanastronautsuit.WiththepopularityoftheOlympicmascot,ithasserved____16____anambassadorforwintersports,bringingjoytothose____17____participatedinandwatchedtheOlympicWinterGames.【答案】14.hasbecome15.made16.as17.who【解析】【導語】本文為一篇說明文，描述了2022北京冬奧會吉祥物冰墩墩在全球走紅的現(xiàn)象?！驹斀狻?.考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：自從這些帖子在社交媒體上傳播后，2022年北京冬奧會吉祥物冰墩墩成為了全球的明星。此處缺乏謂語，根據(jù)Sincesuchpostsspreadonsocialmedia可知，本句為現(xiàn)在完成時，主語BingDwenDwen為單數(shù)形式，謂語單數(shù)形式。故填hasbecome。2.考查非謂語動詞。句意：這只可愛的熊貓全身都穿著冰做的“殼”，看起來像宇航服。本句已有謂語wears且無連詞，make用非謂語形式，空處修飾名詞shell作定語，shell與make之間構成被動關系，此處用過去分詞作后置定語。故填made。3.考查介詞。句意：隨著奧運會吉祥物的流行，它已經成為冬季運動的大使，給那些參加和觀看冬季奧運會的人帶來歡樂。分析句子可知，serveas意思為：擔任……，空處缺少介詞as。故填as。4.考查定語從句。句意：隨著奧運會吉祥物的流行，它已經成為冬季運動的大使，給那些參加和觀看冬季奧運會的人帶來歡樂。分析句子可知，4participatedinandwatchedtheOlympicWinterGames為定語從句，修飾先行詞those，先行詞作從句的主語，指代人，用關系代詞who。故填who。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。Five-year-oldNaomilostherteddybearonahikingpath____18____theautumnof2020.TeddywasthefirstgiftNaomi’sparentsgavetoher.Despite____19____(constant)checkingwiththelostandfound,herfamilydidn’tgetthebearback.Fortunately,Ranger(護林員)Tom,____20____monitorsactualbearactivity,cameacrosstheteddybear.Hekeptitandrodewithituntilafriendofthefamilyspottedthebearandhelpedsenditbackhomenearlyayearlater.【答案】18.in##during19.constantly20.who【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了娜奧米的泰迪熊失而復得的故事?！?8題詳解】考查介詞。句意：2020年秋天，5歲的娜奧米在一條徒步小路上丟了她的泰迪熊。分析句意可知，此處用介詞in或duing表示“在秋天”符合語境。故填in/during。19題詳解】考查副詞。句意：盡管她的家人不斷地找失物招領處，但還是沒有把熊找回來。分析句式結構可知，此處用副詞修飾詞組checkwith符合語境。故填constantly?！?0題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：幸運的是，監(jiān)控熊實際活動的游俠(護林員)湯姆遇到了這只泰迪熊。分析句式結構可知，此處是非限制性定語從句，先行詞是Tom，指人。且從句中缺少主語，所以需用關系代詞who來引導定語從句。故填who。第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AEmergenciesarescary,butthereisnowanewsmartringonthemarketthatwillquicklycallforhelpwhenyouneeditmost.MeetNimb,aringthatincludesapanicbutton.Itletsyousendemergencyalerts(警報)topresetcontactsfromitsmobileappwiththetouchofathumb.Whetheryouarebeingattackedorexperiencingaserioushealthproblem,Nimbwillhelpkeepyousafeandsound.SmartRingtotheRescueThestorybehindthedevelopmentwiththisnewtechnologyisuniqueandtouching.In2010,KathyRoma,whoistheco-founderandcommunicationsleadwithNimb,wasviolentlyattackedbyacompletestrangerandwasonthebrinkofdeath.Shesufferedmultiplestabwoundsinasafeneighborhood,justafewfeetawayfromapolicestation.Hersavinggracewasn’tjustherfightanddrivetosurvive,butthecallforhelp.Sincethen,shehasbeensearchingtofindawayforotherstohaveavoicewhenthey，reinneedofhelpandhasbeenadrivingforceinthedevelopmentofthisnewtechnology.AndNimbiseasytouse.Allyouneedtodowhenyouareintroubleispressitsbuttonforthreesecondsandaninstantmessagewillbesenttoyourcontacts.Yourcontactswillgetinstantemergencyalertsontheirsmartphonesandtablets.Thissmartringtracksyourexactlocationinrealtimeandyourcontactswillknowwhereyouareatalltimes.Nimb’sappincludesanalertcard,andbuilt-inchatandnotificationfeatures.Theringiscompatible(兼容的)withBluetooth4+,iOS7+andAndroid4+.ItisalsoequippedwitharechargeableLiPoBatterythatwilllastabouttwoweeks,andisdesignedtowithstandwateranddust.Nimb:StaySafeinStyleWhatmakesthissmartringextraspecialisthatitiscoolandfuturisticlooking.Itcomesintwocolors:StealthBlackandClassicWhite.TheringisavailableinUSringsizes4-12,whichmeansyoucanwearitonanyofyourfingers.There’snodoubtthisnewtechnologywillbeahitonthemarket:everyonewantstohavethatextrapieceofmindwhenitcomestohealthandsafety.Nimbretailsfor$129.21.Nimbisdesignedtohelpusers________.A.relievepaininstressfulsituationsB.warnfriendsofsurroundingdangersC.callcontactsforhelpinemergenciesD.keeptrackofserioushealthproblems22.KathyRomagottheideaofNimbfrom________.A.herexperienceofbeingattackedB.herdesiretohaveavoiceintechnologyC.herdreamoffoundingherowncompanyD.herdrivetosurvivefromaseriousdisease23.HowdoyouuseNimbwhenyouareintrouble?A.Byeditinganemergencymessage.B.Bypressingabuttonforthreeseconds.C.Bytrackingthelocationofpresetcontacts.D.Bysendingalertstothesmartphonesnearby.【答案】21.C22.A23.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種新的智能戒指Nimb，可以在你最需要它的時侯迅速呼救，無論是正在遭受攻擊還是在經歷嚴重的健康問題，它都可以幫助人保持安全和健康。【21題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Emergenciesarescary,butthereisnowanewsmartringonthemarketthatwillquicklycallforhelpwhenyouneeditmost.(緊急情況是可怕的，但現(xiàn)在市場上有一種新的智能戒指，可以在你最需要它的時候迅速呼救。)”可知，新型戒指Nimb可以在人最需要它的時候迅速呼救。故答案選C?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“In2010,KathyRoma,whoistheco-founderandcommunicationsleadwithNimb,wasviolentlyattackedbyacompletestrangerandwasonthebrinkofdeath.(2010年，Nimb的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人和溝通負責人KathyRoma被一個完全陌生的人暴力襲擊，處于死亡邊緣。)”KathyRoma的個人經歷可知，KathyRoma之前經歷過嚴重的襲擊，瀕臨在死亡的邊緣，所以才有了發(fā)明Nimb的想法。故答案選A?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Allyouneedtodowhenyouareintroubleispressitsbuttonforthreesecondsandaninstantmessagewillbesenttoyourcontacts.(當你遇到麻煩時，只需按下它的按鈕三秒鐘，即時消息就會發(fā)送給你的聯(lián)系人。)”可知，按下Nimb的按鈕三秒鐘，就可以立馬將消息將發(fā)送給聯(lián)系人。故答案選B。BItwasareadingclass.Whileallherclassmateswereflyingthroughthe2ndand3rdbooksintheHarryPotterseries,SkyeMalik,onlyonpagefourofthefirstbook,gotimpossiblystuckontheword“doughnut”.Herunexpecteddifficultywithreadingiscalleddyslexia.Skyegotaprofessionaldiagnosisattheendofthe2ndgrade.Knowingthatotherkidsweregoingthroughthesamethingmadeiteasieronhersomehow.Whatwasn’teasy,evenafterallthehelpshegotfromspecialtutorsandreadingprograms,wasfluentreading.Whatmanypeopledowithoutthinking—reading—shehadtostrugglewithwordbyword,sometimesletterbyletter.Inclass,shewouldheartheotherkidsflipthroughthepagesonassignmentsandgoontothequestionswhileshewasstilldoingbattlewiththefirstparagraph.Shewasasfrustratedasshewasdiscouraged.Butshedidn’tknowofanyotherwayuntilher4thgradeteacher,MissPollock,toldheraboutsomethingcalledLearningAlly.LearningAllyisanon-profitorganizationthatoffersaudioversionsofbooks.Acrewofvolunteerreadershasrecorded75,000classicnovels,children’sbooks,andschooltextbooksthathelpmorethan300,000studentsandadultswithlearningdifferencesorwhoareblind.NowSkyecouldlistentothebookswithherearsandfollowthewordswithhereyesonthepage.Insteadofhavinghermotherreadhertextbookstoher,shecouldindependentlydoherwork.“WithLearningAlly,Ifeelconfidentandcapableandcaneasilykeepupwithmyclassmates,”Skyeexplains,“andIwantotherkidstofeelempowered,justthewayIdid.”SoSkye,nowaged16,createdThePacoProjectwhichwasnamedafterhergrandfatherwhosenicknamewas“Paco”.ThePacoProjectisafundraiserandeducationalinitiativefocusingongivingstudentswithdyslexiaaccesstothesameLearningAllytechnologythatchangedherlife.Skyehasrealizedthatsheisoneoftheluckykidswhohavebeendiagnosed.Sheknowsthateducatingteachersaboutdyslexiaandgivingstudentswiththelearningchallengethetoolstheyneedisagreatfirststepinmeetingdyslexiaheadon,andhelpingthembeconfident,capablestudents.“Rightnowtheyfeelstuck—ashamed,unsureandinsecureabouttheirschoolwork.IfIcouldhelpstopthesestudentsfeelingthisway,thatwouldmeantheworldtome.”24.Accordingtothepassage,Skye________.A.foundawayoutwiththehelpofMissPollockB.feltannoyedatbeingteasedbyherclassmatesC.preferredreadingthefirstbookofHarryPotterD.wasdiagnosedwithdyslexiainherfourthgrade25.ThePacoProjectwascreated________.A.topromoteLearningAllytechnologyB.toempowerthosewithreadingdifficultyC.withinspirationfromSkye5sgrandfatherD.inresponsetothegrowingdemandsofteachers26.Thepassageismainlyabout________.A.whatpeoplewithdyslexiaaresufferingB.whatmeasuresareneededtobeatdyslexiaC.howLearningAllyinfluencedpeoplewithdyslexiaD.howSkyebattledagainstdyslexiaandhelpedothers【答案】24.A25.B26.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了SkyeMalik作為一名有閱讀障礙的孩子，在老師pollock的幫助下，使用了可提供有聲讀物的非盈利性組織LearningAlly幫助她順利地聽到了很多書。等Skye長大后，創(chuàng)立了一個名為Paco的項目，給有閱讀障礙的孩子們提供幫助，她希望更多的孩子可以因為她的幫助過上正常和美好的生活?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Butshedidn’tknowofanyotherwayuntilher4thgradeteacher,MissPollock,toldheraboutsomethingcalledLearningAlly.(但是她不知道其他的方法，直到她四年級的老師Pollock小姐告訴她一個叫做LearningAlly的東西。)”可知，Skye是通過Pollock老師知道了LearningAlly，所以是在Pollock小姐的幫助下找到了解決辦法。故選A?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“ThePacoProjectisafundraiserandeducationalinitiativefocusingongivingstudentswithdyslexiaaccesstothesameLearningAllytechnologythatchangedherlife.(Paco項目是一個資金籌集者和教育倡議，致力于讓有誦讀困難的學生使用改變她生活的“學習聯(lián)盟”技術。)”可知，Paco項目和LearningAlly一樣，是致力于讓有誦讀困難的學生改變生活的項目。故選B?！?6題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，Skye是一個閱讀障礙患者，通過他人的幫助，對抗這個病癥，并在長大后也開始幫助其他閱讀障礙患者的故事。故選D。CIntoday’sthrow-awaysociety,dealingwiththecity’sgrowingmountainofwasteisanincreasingchallengeforthecitycouncil(市議會).RecentlyEdinburghisfacedwiththeproblemofdisposingofabout250,000milliontonsofwasteayear.Despitedifferentwaystodisposeofmuchofitinagreenmanner—largelythroughencouragingrecycling—itsagingfacilitiessuchasthePowderhalllandfilldonothavetheabilitytodealwithit.TheEuropeanUnion(EU)hasissuedanewpolicy,regulatinghowsuchmountainsofwastearetobedisposedof.Thefivecouncils(Edinburgh,EastLothian,WestLothian,MidlothianandBorders)facefinesofaround￡18millionayearfrom2013iftheydon’tincreaserecyclinglevelsandrelylessonlandfills.Withthisinmind,thecouncilsgottogetherwiththeideaofbuildingalargeincineratorplant(垃圾焚燒廠)toburnhalfofthewasteproducedintheirdistricts.ButthisplanfellapartafterthechangeoftargetlevelsbyanewUKgovernmentwastepolicywhichrequiredthatnomorethan25%ofthecity’swasteshouldbedisposedofinthiswayby2025.Aftertheplanwasabandoned,aprivatecompanythatalreadytransportedmillionsoftonsofthecity’swastebytraintoalandfillsitenearDunbar,offeredanalternativesolutionwhenitsuggestedopeningahugewastesitenearPortobello.SincePowderhallissupposedtoclosein2015,itseemednecessaryforthemembersoftheEdinburghCounciltoacceptthesuggestion.Butsoontheyturneditdown—after700localobjectionsreachedthem—becauseitwouldhavemeanthundredsoflorriesadaymakingloudnoisethroughheavilypopulatedareas.Thatstillleavesthecouncilwithaproblem.By2013,only50%of1995levelsofwastewillbeallowedtobesenttolandfills.Evenifrecyclingtargetsaremet,therewillstillbealargeamountofrubbishtobeburntup.Duetothis,EdinburghandMidlothiancouncilshavenowdecidedtoworktogethertobuildanincineratorplantastimetofindasolutionisfastrunningout.27.ThemainwayofhandlingwasteinagreenmannerinEdinburghis________.A.recycling B.restoring C.burying D.burning28.Thefivecouncilsworkedoutaplantobuildanincineratorplantto________.A.reducethecostofburyingwaste B.meettheEUrequirementsC.speedupwasterecycling D.replacelandfillsites29.ThecitycouncilofEdinburghrejectedthesuggestiontoopenahugelandfillsitenearPortobellobecause________.A.itcamefromaprivatecompany B.thecouncilwasnotinterestedinitC.itwasnotsupportedbyEU D.thelocalpeoplewereagainstit30.WhatisthefinaldecisionofEdinburghandMidlothiancouncils?A.Toopenanewlandfillnearby. B.ToclosethePowderhalllandfillin2015.C.Tosetupaplantforburningwaste. D.Topersuadepeopletoreducetheirwaste.【答案】27.A28.B29.D30.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇新聞報道。在當今社會，如何處理堆積如山的垃圾已成為各地市議會的難題。本文介紹愛丁堡議會為如何處理垃圾而做的各種努力和嘗試，最后決定合作修建一所垃圾焚燒廠?！?7題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“Despitedifferentwaystodisposeofmuchofitinagreenmanner—largelythroughencouragingrecycling—itsagingfacilitiessuchasthePowderhalllandfilldonothavetheabilitytodealwithit.(盡管以不同的綠色的方式處理其中的大部分垃圾——主要是通過鼓勵回收利用——但其老化的設施，如Powderhall垃圾填埋場，沒有能力處理它)”可知，Edinburgh使用更綠色的方式處理垃圾：主要是通過鼓勵回收利用（recycling）。故選A項?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。由第三段中的“TheEuropeanUnion(EU)hasissuedanewpolicy,regulatinghowsuchmountainsofwastearetobedisposedof.Thefivecouncils(Edinburgh,EastLothian,WestLothian,MidlothianandBorders)facefinesofaround￡18millionayearfrom2013iftheydon’tincreaserecyclinglevelsandrelylessonlandfills.Withthisinmind,thecouncilsgottogetherwiththeideaofbuildingalargeincineratorplant(垃圾焚燒廠)toburnhalfofthewasteproducedintheirdistricts.(歐盟發(fā)布了一項新政策，規(guī)定如何處置這些堆積如山的垃圾。五個議會（愛丁堡、東洛錫安、西洛錫安、中洛錫安和邊界）如果它們不提高回收水平，減少對垃圾填埋場的依賴，將從2013年起每年面臨約1800萬英鎊的罰款?？紤]到這一點，議會一致提出了建立一個大型焚燒廠的想法，以燃燒其所在地區(qū)產生的一半垃圾)”可知，歐盟出臺了新政策約束垃圾的排放，因此這五家議會面臨著從2013年開始每年約1800萬英鎊的罰款，考慮到這一點，這些議會就通力合作，想建一所大型垃圾焚燒廠，由此判斷,他們合力修建焚燒廠的目的是為了滿足歐盟對垃圾處理的要求。故選B項?！?9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第二段“SincePowderhallissupposedtoclosein2015,itseemednecessaryforthemembersoftheEdinburghCounciltoacceptthesuggestion.Butsoontheyturneditdown—after700localobjectionsreachedthem—becauseitwouldhavemeanthundredsoflorriesadaymakingloudnoisethroughheavilypopulatedareas.(由于Powderhall計劃于2015年關閉，愛丁堡議會成員似乎有必要接受這一提議。但在接受當?shù)囟噙_700條反對意見后，他們被拒絕了，因為這意味著每天有數(shù)百輛卡車在人口稠密的地區(qū)發(fā)出巨大的噪音)”可知，這個提議遭到否決，因為當?shù)厝颂岢隽硕噙_700條反對意見，即當?shù)厝朔磳μ嶙h。故選D項?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由最后一段中的“Duetothis,EdinburghandMidlothiancouncilshavenowdecidedtoworktogethertobuildanincineratorplantastimetofindasolutionisfastrunningout.(因此，愛丁堡和中洛錫安議會現(xiàn)在決定共同建設一座焚燒廠，因為找到解決方案的時間已經不多了)”可知，愛丁堡和中洛錫安議會的最終決定是修建一所焚燒垃圾的工廠。故選C項。D14days.That’sthetimeChinesescientiststooktoidentifythefullgeneticsequenceofthenovelcoronavirus(新冠病毒)sinceitsoutbreak.ItwassharedwiththeWHOimmediately,andhasnowbecomeanimportantfoundationforglobalresearchersinthefightagainsttheCOVID-19.Butfirst,letusturntheclockback17years,whenittookmonthstoidentifytheSARSvirus.Frommonthsto14days,whatchanged?ItturnsoutAIplayedanimportantpart.Thescientistsfirstobtainedbronchoalveolarlavage(BAL)fluid(支氣管擴張灌洗液)samplesfrompatients,isolated(分離)theDNAandRNA,thensequencedthegeneticmaterialbycomparingthem.AI’sadvantageisitsabilitytorecognizepatternsamongafloodofdata.Letmeputitinasimpleway.Sequencingthecoronavirusgenome(基因組)issimilartolookingforaneedleinahaystack(干草堆)lookingforgenotypes(基因型)withspecificcharacteristicsfromahugegenepool.That’swheresearchalgorithm(算法),abranchofmodernAI,comesin.Thinkofitasanefficientsearchengine,whichcanfindtheneedleinthehaystack.Thissearchalgorithmcanshortenmonths-longgeneticsequencingtoweeksorevenjustafewdays.Combinedwithmacro-genomicsequencingandaviruslibrary,thisAItechnologycanalsobeusedintrackingvirusmutation(突變).AIdoesn’tjustsupportscientists.Itcanalsohelppatientsbyimprovingtheefficiencyofdiagnosis(診斷).ChinalaunchedaGenomicsService,whichcanrunmultiplevirusgenecomparisonsandproduceadetailedreportwithin60seconds.ThisalgorithmhasbeenputintouseinChinaandsharedtotheworldforfree.31.AI’sadvantageisthatitcan________.A.slowdownthespreadofcoronavirus B.separateDNAfromRNAC.identifyspecificgenotypesrapidly D.obtainsamplesfrompatientsquickly32.Thesearchalgorithmhelpsshortenthetimeofgeneticsequencingby__________.A.findinganeedleinahaystack B.servingasasearchengineC.combiningwithaviruslibrary D.tracingvirusmutation33.WhatdoweknowabouttheGenomicsServiceinthelastparagraph?A.Ithasbeenwidelyusedintheworld. B.Itismainlybasedonbloodtest.C.ItisforfastdiagnosisofCOVID-19. D.ItisusedtotrackCOVID-19patients.34.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.14DaysChinaMadeit! B.AIAssistsinCOVID-19FightC.SearchAlgorithm,BestChoice D.China’sGenomicsService【答案】31.C32.B33.C34.B【解析】【分析】本文是說明文。文章介紹了人工智能在識別和快速診斷新冠狀病毒方面所起的作用。【31題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。文章第二段中提到“AI’sadvantageisitsabilitytorecognizepatternsamongafloodofdata.（人工智能的優(yōu)勢在于它能夠在大量數(shù)據(jù)中識別基因圖譜。）”和第三段中提到“Sequencingthecoronavirusgenome(基因組)issimilartolookingforaneedleinahaystack(干草堆)lookingforgenotypes(基因型)withspecificcharacteristicsfromahugegenepool.That’swheresearchalgorithm(算法),abranchofmodernAI,comesin.（冠狀病毒基因組的測序類似于海里撈針——從一個龐大的基因庫尋找具有特定特征的基因圖譜。這就是現(xiàn)代人工智能的一個分支——搜索算法的用武之地）”。由此可知，搜索算法可以從一個龐大的基因庫尋找具有特定特征的基因圖譜。搜索算法是人工智能的一個分支，也就是說人工智能能夠從大量的數(shù)據(jù)庫中迅速識別基因圖譜。故選C項。【32題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thinkofitasanefficientsearchengine,whichcanfindtheneedleinthehaystack.Thissearchalgorithmcanshortenmonths-longgeneticsequencingtoweeksorevenjustafewdays.（可以把它看作是一個高效的搜索引擎，它可以大海撈針。這種搜索算法可以將長達數(shù)月的基因測序縮短到幾周甚至幾天。）”可知，搜索算法可以幫助縮短基因測序的時間是通過充當一個高效的搜索引擎的作用。故選B項?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“ChinalaunchedaGenomicsService,whichcanrunmultiplevirusgenecomparisonsandproduceadetailedreportwithin60seconds.（中國推出了一項基因組學服務，該服務可以進行多種病毒基因比較，并在60秒內生成詳細報告。）”可知，基因組學服務可用于新冠肺炎的快速診斷。故選C項?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，文章第一段提出“14days.That’sthetimeChinesescientiststooktoidentifythefullgeneticsequenceofthenovelcoronavirus(新冠病毒)sinceitsoutbreak….ItturnsoutAIplayedanimportantpart.(自新冠病毒爆發(fā)以來，中國科學家僅花14天的時間就確定新冠狀病毒的全基因序列。其中人工智能發(fā)揮了重要作用。)”，第二段提到“AI’sadvantageisitsabilitytorecognizepatternsamongafloodofdata.（人工智能的優(yōu)勢在于它能夠在大量數(shù)據(jù)中識別基因圖譜。）”；第三段說明搜索算法所起的作用，第四段提到“Itcanalsohelppatientsbyimprovingtheefficiencyofdiagnosis(診斷).”人工智能幫助提高診斷的效率。文章是關于人工智能在識別新冠狀病毒和提高診斷效率方面所起的作用。因此文章標題應該是“人工智能幫助抗擊新冠狀病毒”。故選B項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Therearemanyfactorswhichmayhaveaninfluenceonadultsandchildrenbeingabletoleadahealthylife.____35____Often,bothparentsworkoutsidethehome.Childrenareexpectedtotakeonmoreresponsibilityathometohelptheirparents.Theyalsohavesportingandleisureactivitiesaswellasschoolexpectations.Thebusinessalsoaddsanotherfactor:Theneedtousecarstogetfromoneplacetoanotherquickly.____36____Computers,DVDs,CDs,television,PlayStationsandXboxeshavebecomemajorleisureactivities,ratherthantraditionalmoreactivepursuits.Thishasledtoalifestyleoflessexercise.____37____Unfortunately,theyalsopromotefastfoodwhichfitseasilyintobusylifestyles.Itismuchmoreconvenientattimestobuyaquicktakeawayratherthanprepareameal.Themediaconstantlybombard(轟炸)theiraudiencewith“perfect”bodyimages,theneedtobuythemostfashionableclothes,themostup-to-datecomputergames,thebestplacestovisitandthebestthingstodo.Environmentsvary.___38___Thiscanbeharmfultopeoplewhosufferfrombreathingdifficulties.Environmentswherepassivesmokingisunavoidablemakeitdifficulttoleadahealthylife.____39____Anypersonwhowantstobehealthywillfindawaytobehealthyifhe/sheismotivatedenough!A.Themediaprovideentertainmentandinformation.B.Advertisementsplayanimportantroleinpeople'slife.C.Theimportantoneismotivationorthedesiretobehealthy.D.Today,societyplacesalotofemphasisontechnology.E.Peoplearelivinginawater-pollutedenvironment.F.Wemaybeexposedtopollution,suchascigarettesmoke.G.Nowadays,peopleareverybusy.【答案】35.G36.D37.A38.F39.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了影響成年人和孩子過健康生活的因素，其中工作繁忙、事業(yè)、媒體提供的娛樂和信息、環(huán)境的變化和人們追求健康生活的意愿是文本介紹的五種主要因素。最主要的還是人們的意愿，只要人們足夠積極一定會找到一種理想健康的生活方式?！?5題詳解】根據(jù)后句提到父母雙方外出打工都很忙，由此可判斷G選項“現(xiàn)在，人們很忙?！狈险Z境，起到統(tǒng)領本段的作用。故選G?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)后句提到電腦、DVD、CD等成為了主要的娛樂活動，這些都屬于技術類。D選項“今天，社會非常重視技術”符合語境，故選D?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)后句具體提到不幸的是，他們也提倡快餐，這很容易適應繁忙的生活方式。因此推斷A選項“媒體提供娛樂和信息”。符合語境。故選A?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)前句提出環(huán)境改變，后句提到這種物質對吸入的人群有害，F(xiàn)選項“們生活在一個被水污染的環(huán)境中?！狈险Z境。故選F。【39題詳解】根據(jù)后句提到如果人們想要改變，他們會尋找健康的生活方式，C選項“重要的是動機或者健康的愿望”符合語境。故選C。第三部分：書面表達（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)閱讀表達（共4小題；第1、2題各2分，第3題3分，第4題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求回答問題。EmojiandWorkplaceCommunicationInAsia,messagingplatformsaregrowingrapidly,withusersinthehu