2017年-2023年高考英語(yǔ)閱讀真題長(zhǎng)難句解析(417-418)講義-高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)

長(zhǎng)難句翻譯Ofcourse,LeonBagritcouldnotpossiblyhaveforeseenthedevelopmentoftheInternet,theworldwidesystemthatenablesustomunicateinstantlywithanyoneinanypartoftheworldbyusingputerslinkedtotelephonenetworksNorcouldhehaveforeseenhowwecouldusetheInternettoobtaininformationoneveryknownsubject,sowecanreaditonascreeninourhomesandevenprintitaswellifwewantto.長(zhǎng)難句翻譯解析Ofcourse,LeonBagritcouldnotpossiblyhaveforeseenthedevelopmentoftheInternet,theworldwidesystemthatenablesustomunicateinstantlywithanyoneinanypartoftheworldbyusingputerslinkedtotelephonenetworks【語(yǔ)法詳析】本句的主干為L(zhǎng)eonBagritcouldnotpossiblyhaveforeseenthedevelopmentoftheInternet。1.theworldwidesystem作internet的同位語(yǔ)；2.thatenablesustomunicateinstantlywithanyone…作system的定語(yǔ)從句；3.linkedtotelephonenetworks作puters的定語(yǔ)?！驹~匯精講】foresee/f??si?/v.預(yù)見【名】foresight【記憶】fore預(yù)先+see看→預(yù)先看到還未發(fā)生的事→預(yù)料,預(yù)見→foreseevt.預(yù)見,預(yù)知instantly/??n.st?nt.li/adv.立即【同】immediately【連】theinstant一…就…【記憶】in向內(nèi);進(jìn)入+stant站,立→站進(jìn)來→緊急的Idon’tforeseeanydifficultiessolongaswekeepwithinbudget.只要我們不超出預(yù)算，我看不出會(huì)有什么困難。TheEiffelTowerinParisisaninstantlyrecognizablelandmark.巴黎艾菲爾鐵塔是一個(gè)能一眼就認(rèn)出的地標(biāo)建筑。I’llcallyoutheinstant(=assoonas)Igethome.我一到家就給你打。【參考譯文】當(dāng)然，萊昂·巴格瑞特不可能預(yù)測(cè)到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展，這個(gè)通過使用與網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接的電腦讓我們與世界任何地區(qū)的任何人交流的世界系統(tǒng)。NorcouldhehaveforeseenhowwecouldusetheInternettoobtaininformationoneveryknownsubject,sowecanreaditonascreeninourhomesandevenprintitaswellifwewantto.【語(yǔ)法詳析】本句的主干為so引導(dǎo)的并列句。1.norcouldhehaveforeseen…為部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)；2.howwecouldusetheInternet…作foreseen的賓語(yǔ)從句；3.ifwewantto為條件狀語(yǔ)從句。【詞匯精講】subject/?s?b.d?ekt/n.主題，科目，研究對(duì)象v.使臣服adj.受…支配，取決于【組】besubject(ed)to受制于【形】subjective主觀的【記憶】subject:sub,在下，ject,投擲，扔，詞源同project,projectile.字面意思即扔在下面，引申詞義被制服，被控制，國(guó)民，臣民。Shehasmadeaseriesofdocumentariesonthesubjectoffamilyrelationships.她拍攝了一系列以家庭關(guān)系為題材的紀(jì)錄片。Theinvadersquicklysubjectedthelocaltribes.入侵者很快就征服了當(dāng)?shù)氐牟柯?。Flightsaresubjecttodelaybecauseofthefog.由于有霧，航班可能延誤。WeplantogoonWednesday,subjecttoyourapproval.如果你同意，我們打算周三走?！緟⒖甲g文】他也不可能遇見我們?nèi)绾问褂没ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)獲取關(guān)于每個(gè)已知話題的信息，因此我們可以在家里的屏幕上閱讀，如果我們想的話，甚至還可以把它打印出來。長(zhǎng)難句拓展1.Theideathatplantshavesomedegreeofconsciousnessfirsttookrootintheearly2000s;theterm“plantneurobiology”wascoinedaroundthenotionthatsomeaspectsofplantbehaviorcouldbeparedtointelligenceinanimals.①小詞典consciousness/?k?n??sn?s/【詞源】conscious:con大家，scious音似“舍死（scious）”。為了祖國(guó)，大家應(yīng)該有舍死的意識(shí)。n.知覺，清醒；思想，意識(shí)；（群體的）觀念體系；感知，察覺neurobiology/?nj??r???ba???l?d?i/n.神經(jīng)生物學(xué)Whatisknownregardingthedevelopmentalneurobiologyofopioidsystems?請(qǐng)描述阿片系統(tǒng)的發(fā)育神經(jīng)生物學(xué)進(jìn)展(胎兒).②句子分析：本句的句子主干是Theideafirsttookrootintheearly2000s;theterm“plantneurobiology”wascoinedaroundthenotion。thatplantshavesomedegreeofconsciousness和thatsomeaspectsofplantbehaviorcouldbeparedtointelligenceinanimals為同位語(yǔ)從句，分別修飾Theidea和thenotion。③參考譯文：植物具有一定意識(shí)的觀點(diǎn)最初形成于21世紀(jì)早期；“植物神經(jīng)生物學(xué)”一詞是圍繞植物行為在某些方面可以與動(dòng)物的智力相提并論這一概念而創(chuàng)造的。2.Beginningin2006,somescientistshavearguedthatplantspossessneuronlikecellsthatinteractwithhormonesandneurotransmitters,forming“aplantnervoussystem,analogoustothatinanimals,”saidleadstudyauthorLincolnTaiz.①小詞典：interact/??nt?r??kt/v.相互交流，互動(dòng)；相互作用，相互影響【記憶】inter表示：相互的、互相的。act表示：作為、動(dòng)作。綜上所述，inter+act→相互作為，引申為：往來、交往等。Teachershavealimitedamountoftimetointeractwitheachchild.教師和每個(gè)孩子溝通的時(shí)間有限。hormone/?h??m??n/n.激素，荷爾蒙；人造激素；性激素（hormones）【記】發(fā)音想成“荷爾蒙”Whygrowthhormonetherapyisefficientinheartfailure?為什么生長(zhǎng)激素能夠有效地治療心衰?neurotransmitter/?nj??r??tr?nzm?t?(r)/n.[生理]神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)；[生理]神經(jīng)傳遞素Neurotransmitterreleaseduringsynaptictransmissionismediatedbypresynapticactivezone.在突觸前,神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)釋放是由活動(dòng)區(qū)結(jié)構(gòu)所介導(dǎo)的.analogous/??n?l?ɡ?s/adj.相似的，類似的；（器官）同功的【記憶】ana表示”錯(cuò)誤,在旁邊,分開”analogy類比,類似(ana+logy講話=再旁邊講=講一樣的東西=類似)Sleephasoftenbeenthoughtofasbeinginsomewayanalogoustodeath.人們常常認(rèn)為睡眠在某種意義上來說類似死亡。②句子分析：本句的主干是somescientistshavearguedthat，that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。Beginningin2006為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)為somescientists;thatinteractwithhormonesandneurotransmitters為限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞neuronlikecells;forming“aplantnervoussystem,analogoustothatinanimals,”為現(xiàn)在分詞做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)為neuronlikecells;saidleadstudyauthorLincolnTaiz為插入語(yǔ)。③參考譯文：自2006年以來，一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，植物有類似神經(jīng)元的細(xì)胞，與激素和神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)相互作用，形成了“一套類似動(dòng)物神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的植物神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)，”從事此類研究的主要作者林肯·泰茲說道。3.Certainartifactsareespeciallyvulnerablebecausesomepioneersinplasticartdidn’talwaysknowhowtomixingredientsproperly,saysTheavanOosten,apolymerchemistwho,untilretiringafewyearsago,workedfordecadesattheCulturalHeritageAgencyoftheNetherlands.①小詞典artifact/?ɑ?t?f?kt/n.（尤指有文化價(jià)值或歷史價(jià)值的）人工制品，歷史文物；非自然存在物體，假象（=artefact）【記憶】art(藝術(shù))+i(我們)+fact(實(shí)際)→藝術(shù)art是我們i根據(jù)實(shí)際fact生活提煉出的人工制品artifact、手工藝品artifact→artifact【例句】Thismethodisverysimple,andtheoutputimagesarefreeofcoherentartifactnoise.這個(gè)方法很簡(jiǎn)單,輸出圖象沒有相干噪聲.polymer/?p?l?m?(r)/n.[高分子]聚合物【例句】Coverageofpolymerparticlesisobviouslyinfluencedbyemulsifierstructure.顯然聚合物膠?？倲?shù)受乳化劑結(jié)構(gòu)的影響.長(zhǎng)難句精講精練Whenwecorrelatedourmeasureswithlearningrate,wefoundthatpatternsofbrainactivitythathavebeenlinkedtolinguisticprocessespredicted///howeasilypeoplecouldlearnasecondlanguage.【詞匯】correlate...with...把......相關(guān)聯(lián)Thestudyfoundthatlackofsleepcorrelateswithpooracademicperformance.(研究發(fā)現(xiàn)睡眠不足與學(xué)業(yè)表現(xiàn)差相關(guān)。)learningrate學(xué)習(xí)速度Ananalysisabouthowtheparametersoflearningrateandhistorycorrelativityimpactthepredictionisgiven.同時(shí)給出了學(xué)習(xí)速度參數(shù)和歷史信息相關(guān)度參數(shù)對(duì)預(yù)測(cè)的影響。pattern[?p?t?rn]n.模式，形式【記憶】pattern記法:pat(father)+tern(turn轉(zhuǎn)變)由母版所轉(zhuǎn)變而來的圖案型,模式,樣式pattern,英語(yǔ)單詞,主要作為名詞、及物動(dòng)詞、不及物動(dòng)詞。【例句】Theblackandwhitepatternisrelievedbytinycolouredflowers.五彩繽紛的小花使得黑白圖案不那么單調(diào)。belinkedto...與......相關(guān)Aidtoindividualcountrieswouldbelinkedtoprogresstowardsdemocracy對(duì)個(gè)別國(guó)家的援助會(huì)與其民主進(jìn)程相掛鉤。linguistic[l???ɡw?st?k]adj.語(yǔ)言的，語(yǔ)言學(xué)的【記憶】lingu語(yǔ)言，舌+ist從事某項(xiàng)工作的人+ic【例句】Diachroniclinguisticsisthestudyofalanguagethroughthecourseofitshistory.歷時(shí)語(yǔ)言學(xué)是在語(yǔ)言的歷史過程中研究語(yǔ)言的.predict[pr??d?kt]v.預(yù)測(cè)【記憶】pre+dict說=預(yù)先說=預(yù)言【例句】Hepredictedthatmyhairwouldgrowback'innotime'...他預(yù)言我的頭發(fā)“一眨眼”就會(huì)長(zhǎng)回來。【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】句子主干：wefoundthat...賓語(yǔ)從句（that引導(dǎo)賓從1，how引導(dǎo)賓從2）：patternsofbrainactivitypredictedhoweasilypeoplecouldlearnasecondlanguage定語(yǔ)從句：thathavebeenlinkedtolinguisticprocesses狀語(yǔ)從句：Whenwecorrelatedourmeasureswithlearningrat【翻譯】當(dāng)我們將學(xué)習(xí)速度與我們的測(cè)量（研究）相關(guān)聯(lián)時(shí)，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，與語(yǔ)言過程相關(guān)的大腦活動(dòng)模式可以預(yù)測(cè)人們學(xué)習(xí)第二語(yǔ)言的難易程度。Elegance,simplicityandanunderstandingofotherfieldscametomatterinaworldinwhichputersarefashionitems,carriedbyeveryone,thatcandoalmostanything.【詞匯】elegancen.雅致，優(yōu)雅elegantadj.【記憶】e出+leg采集+ance名詞詞尾→采集在一起遴選出優(yōu)雅的【例句】Inthediningroomthedraperiescreateanatmosphereofelegance.在餐廳里，打褶裝飾物能營(yíng)造雅致的氛圍。simplicityn.簡(jiǎn)潔simpleadj.simplifyv.Forthesakeofsimplicity,let'sdividethediscussionintotwoparts.為了方便起見，我們把討論分成兩部分。etomatter變得重要（關(guān)鍵）Nowweetothecruxofthematter.現(xiàn)在我們來談問題的癥結(jié)fashionitem時(shí)尚單品Tightjeansaren'ttheonlyfashionitemontrial.緊身牛仔褲并非唯一接受人們審判的時(shí)尚單品【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】句子主干：Elegance,simplicityandanunderstandingcametomatter定語(yǔ)：ofotherfields狀語(yǔ)：inaworld定語(yǔ)從句（inwhich/that引導(dǎo)）：inwhichputersarefashionitems,carriedbyeveryone,thatcandoalmostanything【翻譯】?jī)?yōu)雅、簡(jiǎn)單和對(duì)其他領(lǐng)域的理解在一個(gè)電腦成為時(shí)尚物品的世界里變得重要起來，每個(gè)人都有電腦，它幾乎可以做任何事情。Researchonthetopicindicatesthatwhenanegotiator’sfirstofferisimmediatelyaccepted,heismorelikelytothinkthathecouldhavedonebetter,andthereforelesslikelytobesatisfiedwiththeagreement.【詞匯】indicatev.表明，指出，象征【記憶】in加以…+dic說；斷言+ate做，造成，使…→說出→指示Recordprofitsintheretailmarket