專題05閱讀理解之應(yīng)用文（講義）（原卷版）

專題05閱讀理解之應(yīng)用文(講義)目錄TOC\o"13"\p""\h\z\u考點(diǎn)閱讀理解之應(yīng)用文1頁(yè)1頁(yè)2頁(yè)【真題研析·規(guī)律探尋】2頁(yè)考向1考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題2頁(yè)考向2考查數(shù)字計(jì)算題3頁(yè)考向3考查文章出處題4頁(yè)考向4考查尋找共同點(diǎn)6頁(yè)【核心提煉·考向探究】7頁(yè)1．命題規(guī)律7頁(yè)2．應(yīng)用文主要設(shè)題類型及特點(diǎn)8頁(yè)3．常用的解題方法8頁(yè)【題型特訓(xùn)·命題預(yù)測(cè)】9頁(yè)預(yù)測(cè)考向1考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題9頁(yè)預(yù)測(cè)考向2考查數(shù)字計(jì)算題10頁(yè)預(yù)測(cè)考向3考查文章出處題11頁(yè)預(yù)測(cè)考向4考查讀者對(duì)象題12頁(yè)預(yù)測(cè)考向5考查尋找共同點(diǎn)題13頁(yè)考點(diǎn)閱讀理解之應(yīng)用文考情分析：分析20212023年新高考閱讀理解之應(yīng)用文考向分布。年份試題來(lái)源主題語(yǔ)境文章字?jǐn)?shù)題型分類2023新高考I卷人與社會(huì)：阿姆斯特丹自行車租賃和雇傭?qū)в蔚牟僮?082個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題1個(gè)推理判斷題新高考=2\*ROMANII卷人與自然：黃石國(guó)家公園提供的幾項(xiàng)護(hù)林員項(xiàng)目2533個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題2022新高考I卷人與社會(huì)：文學(xué)概論課程評(píng)分辦法2361個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題2個(gè)推理判斷題新高考=2\*ROMANII卷人與社會(huì)：關(guān)于兒童博物館團(tuán)體游的相關(guān)信息2353個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題2021新高考I卷人與社會(huì)：羅馬的幾個(gè)價(jià)格低廉，安全舒適的旅館2883個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題新高考=2\*ROMANII卷人與社會(huì)：夏天約克郡的四個(gè)活動(dòng)2563個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題總結(jié)高考考點(diǎn)，探究應(yīng)用文的命題規(guī)律。近年來(lái)，高考閱讀理解應(yīng)用文主要考查：細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題有時(shí)兼顧其他題型?？键c(diǎn)要求考題統(tǒng)計(jì)考情分析細(xì)節(jié)理解題3年15考【命題規(guī)律】根據(jù)新高考三年的考情分析，應(yīng)用文主要集中考查：細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題。應(yīng)用文的內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)單，多是生活實(shí)際中的廣告類文章，目的是讓學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)生活英語(yǔ)，做到學(xué)以致用?！久}預(yù)測(cè)】2024年高考還會(huì)考查應(yīng)用文，總是在閱讀的開篇考查，是試題難度較低的試題。這篇閱讀理解要拿滿分。推理判斷題3年3考考向1考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題1.（2023?新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ卷·閱讀理解A篇節(jié)）YellowstoneNationalParkoffersavarietyofrangerprogramsthroughoutthepark,andthroughouttheyear.Thefollowingaredescriptionsoftherangerprogramsthissummer.ExperiencingWildlifeinYellowstone(May26toSeptember2)Whetheryou’rehikingabackcountrytrail(小徑),camping,orjustenjoyingthepark’samazingwildlifefromtheroad,thisquickworkshopisforyouandyourfamily.Learnwheretolookforanimalsandhowtosafelyenjoyyourwildlifewatchingexperience.MeetattheCanyonVillageStore.JuniorRangerWildlifeOlympics(June5toAugust21)KidscantesttheirskillsandparetheirabilitiestotheanimalsofYellowstone.Stayforaslittleoraslongasyourplansallow.MeetinfrontoftheVisitorEducationCenter.CanyonTalksatArtistPoint(June9toSeptember2)Fromaclassicviewpoint,enjoyLowerFalls,theYellowstoneRiver,andthebreathtakingcolorsofthecanyon(峽谷)whilelearningaboutthearea’snaturalandhumanhistory.Discoverwhyartistsandphotographerscontinuetobedrawntothisspecialplace.MeetonthelowerplatformatArtistPointontheSouthRimDriveforthisshorttalk.PhotographyWorkshops(June19&July10)Enhanceyourphotographyskills—joinYellowstone’sparkphotographerforahandsonprogramtoinspirenewandcreativewaysofenjoyingthebeautyandwonderofYellowstone.6/19—Waterfalls&WideAngles:meetatArtistPoint.7/10—Wildflowers&WhiteBalance:meetatWashburnTrailheadinChittendenparkingarea.21.Whichofthefourprogramsbeginstheearliest?A.PhotographyWorkshops. B.JuniorRangerWildlifeOlympics.C.CanyonTalksatArtistPoint. D.ExperiencingWildlifeinYellowstone.22.WhatistheshorttalkatArtistPointabout?A.Worksoffamousartists. B.Protectionofwildanimals.C.Basicphotographyskills. D.Historyofthecanyonarea.23.WherewilltheparticipantsmeetfortheJuly10photographyworkshop?A.ArtistPoint. B.WashburnTrailhead.C.CanyonVillageStore. D.VisitorEducationCenter.1.不需讀原文（有題目和小標(biāo)題的要看），直接看問(wèn)題，劃出問(wèn)題中的關(guān)鍵詞1.不需讀原文（有題目和小標(biāo)題的要看），直接看問(wèn)題，劃出問(wèn)題中的關(guān)鍵詞2.從題干中尋找關(guān)鍵詞，定位問(wèn)題答案【注意】①細(xì)節(jié)題的正確選項(xiàng)大都是相應(yīng)原文的變形(如同義改寫、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換等)②注意文中以粗體、大寫、下劃線等方式加以提示的文字，因?yàn)檫@很有可能是文章的核心或某一部分內(nèi)容的概括考向2考查數(shù)字計(jì)算題1.（2023年1月·浙江卷·閱讀理解A）ExplorersCamp?Fulldaycampforkidsaged513.?MondayFriday,July826,9am4pm.Week1|July812Week2|July1519Week3|July2226?Registerforasingleweekormultipleweeks.?Fees:$365perweek.?Thelastdaytocancelregistrationandreceiveafullrefund(退款)isJune15.CampStructureThedayisdividedintotwothematicsessionsperagegroup.Campershaveathreehourmorningclassengagingwithamorningtheme(9amto12noon)andaonehourlunchbreak,followedbyanotherthreehourclassengagingwithanafternoontheme(1pmto4pm).Snackperiodsareheldthroughouttheday.Allcampersshouldbringtheirownbaggedlunchandsnacks.CampContentExplorersCamporganizesengagingarts,historyandsciencerelatedactivitiesinevery!class,andfocusesonarangeoftopicsthatemphasizeactivelearning,explorationand,mostofall,fun!Allcampsessionsarecreatedwithageappropriateactivitiesthataretailoredtothemultiplewaysthatkidslearn.CampStaffCampersenjoyastafftochildratiorangingfrom1:4to1:7dependingontheagegroup.Instructorsarepassionateeducatorswhoareexpertsintheirfieldsandhaveundergonetrainingandabackgroundcheck.23．Howmanyhoursofclasswillyouhavealtogetherifyouregisterforasingleweek?A．15. B．21. C．30. D．42.2.（2023?新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷·閱讀理解A篇）BikeRental&GuidedToursWeletoAmsterdam,weletoMacBike.Youseemuchmorefromtheseatofabike!Cyclingisthemosteconomical,sustainableandfunwaytoexplorethecity,withitsbeautifulcanals,parks,squaresandcountlesslights.YoucanalsobikealonglovelylandscapesoutsideofAmsterdam.WhyMacBikeMacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalpanyinAmsterdam.Withover2,500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake(剎車),bikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排擋),bikeswithchildseats,andchildren’sbikes.PricesHandBrake,ThreeGearsFootBrake,NoGears1hour€7.50€5.003hours€11.00€7.501day(24hours)€14.75€9.75Eachadditionalday€8.00€6.00GuidedCityToursThe2.5hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.2.Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodays?A.€15.75. B.€19.50. C.€22.75. D.€29.50.數(shù)字計(jì)算題最常用的解題方法：1.仔細(xì)理解題干中的信息要求；2.從文章中定位計(jì)算需要的信息；3.通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算得出答案。數(shù)字計(jì)算題最常用的解題方法：1.仔細(xì)理解題干中的信息要求；2.從文章中定位計(jì)算需要的信息；3.通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算得出答案?？枷?考查文章出處1.（2022年新高考Ⅰ卷·閱讀理解A篇）GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiteratureGradingScale90100,A;8089,B;7079,C;6069,D;Below60,E.Essays(60%)Yourfourmajoressayswillbinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay1=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.GroupAssignments(30%)Studentswillworkingroupstopletefourassignments(作業(yè))duringthecourse.AlltheassignmentswillbesubmittedbytheassigneddatethroughBlackboard,ouronlinelearningandcoursemanagementsystem.DailyWork/InClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework(10%)Classactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday,butstudentsmustbereadytopleteshortinclasswritingsortestsdrawndirectlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass’slecture/discussion,soitisimportanttotakecarefulnotesduringclass.Additionally,fromtimetotimeIwillassigngroupworktobepletedinclassorshortassignmentstobepletedathome,bothofwhichwillbegraded.LateWorkAnessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Dailyassignmentsnotpletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.21.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atextbook. B.Anexampaper. C.Acourseplan. D.Anacademicarticle.2.（2021·英語(yǔ)全國(guó)甲卷·閱讀理解A篇）ATakeaview,theLandscape（風(fēng)景）PhotographeroftheYearAward,wastheideaofCharlieWaite,oneoftoday'smostrespectedlandscapephotographers.Eachyear,thehighstandardofentrieshasshownthattheAwardsaretheperfectplatformtoshowcasetheverybestphotographyoftheBritishlandscape.TakeaviewisadesirableannualpetitionforphotographersfromallersoftheUKandbeyond.MikeShepherd(2011)SkiddawinWinterCumbria,EnglandItwasanextremelycoldwinter'seveningandfreezingfoghungintheair.Iclimbedtothetopofasmallriseandrealisedthatthemistwaslittlemorethanafewfeetdeep,andthoughitwasonlyashortclimb,IfoundmyselfpletelyaboveitandlookingatawonderfullyclearviewofSkiddawwiththesumsettinginthewest.Iusedclassicaltechniques,translatedfrommycollegedaysspentinthedarkroomintoPhotoshop,toachievetheblack—and—whiteimage（圖像）.TimothySmith(2014)MacclesfieldForestCheshire,EnglandIwasbackinmyhometownofMacclesfieldtotakesomewinterimages.WalkingupapaththroughtheforesttowardsShutlingsloe.alocalhighpoint,Icameacrossasmallclearingandimmediatelynoticedthedeadyellowgrassessetagainstthefreshsnow.ThesmallpineaddedtotheinterestandIplaceditcentrallytotaketheviewfromtheforegroundrightthroughintotheforest.23．Wherecanthetextbefound?A．Inahistorybook. B．Inanovel. C．Inanartmagazine. D．Inabiography.“推斷文章出處”類試題應(yīng)從“推斷文章出處”類試題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)入手來(lái)判斷其出處：旅游指南類文章(atravelguide)：此類文章旨在介紹某一旅游景點(diǎn)的自然景觀和人文特色，目的是吸引游客來(lái)訪。廣告英語(yǔ)類文章(anadvertisement)：現(xiàn)代生活中廣告無(wú)處不在，英語(yǔ)閱讀理解也是如此。有時(shí)會(huì)考查微型海報(bào)、通知、啟示、時(shí)刻表、圖表等。課件展示類文章(aclasspresentation)：此類文章往往緊扣主題，口語(yǔ)性強(qiáng)、語(yǔ)言活潑，形式新穎，伴隨有圖片、圖表、文字介紹等信息。網(wǎng)絡(luò)網(wǎng)頁(yè)類文章(anInternetpage)：此類文章往往會(huì)提供超級(jí)鏈接標(biāo)志，如Formoreinformation,pleaseclickhere.新聞報(bào)道類文章(anewsreport)：此類文章內(nèi)容廣泛，涉及人物、時(shí)政、教育、體育、科技等，突出新穎性、突發(fā)性和真實(shí)性。新聞呈“倒金字塔”結(jié)構(gòu)，第一段概括全文內(nèi)容最重要。研究報(bào)告類文章(aresearchpaper)：此類文章重點(diǎn)介紹科技領(lǐng)域最新研究成果：新發(fā)現(xiàn)、新思想、新發(fā)明。第一段概括介紹，然后分段陳述。文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，語(yǔ)言規(guī)范，句式復(fù)雜。圖書評(píng)論類文章(abookreview)：書評(píng)、影評(píng)類文章涉及到作者介紹，內(nèi)容梗概、人物性格評(píng)論，寫作特色以及個(gè)人好惡等內(nèi)容?？破针s志類文章(asciencemagazine)：此類文章內(nèi)容廣泛，涉及到日常生活習(xí)慣、健康飲食、太空與海洋、創(chuàng)造與發(fā)明、計(jì)算機(jī)發(fā)展、人類未來(lái)、動(dòng)物世界等。其重點(diǎn)是普及科學(xué)知識(shí)，提高科學(xué)素養(yǎng)?？枷?考查尋找共同點(diǎn)題1.（2023?全國(guó)乙卷·閱讀理解A篇）PRACTITIONERSJacquelineFelicedeAlmania(c.1322)highlightsthesuspicionthatwomenpracticingmedicinefaced.BorntoaJewishfamilyinFlorence,shemovedtoPariswheresheworkedasaphysicianandperformedsurgery.In1322shewastriedforpracticingunlawfully.Inspiteofthecourthearingtestimonials(證明)ofherabilityasadoctor,shewasbannedfrommedicine.JamesBarry(c.1789—1865)wasbornMargaretBulkleyinIrelandbut,dressedasaman,shewasacceptedbyEdinburghUniversitytostudymedicine.Shequalifiedasasurgeonin1813,thenjoinedtheBritishArmy,servingoverseas.Barryretiredin1859,havingpracticedherentiremedicalprofessionlivingandworkingasaman.TanYunxian(1461—1554)wasaChinesephysicianwholearnedherskillsfromhergrandparents.Chinesewomenatthetimecouldnotserveapprenticeships(學(xué)徒期)withdoctors.However,Tanpassedtheofficialexam.Tantreatedwomenfromallwalksoflife.In1511,Tanwroteabook,SayingsofaFemaleDoctor,describingherlifeasaphysician.RebeccaLeeCrumpler(1831—1895)workedasanurseforeightyearsbeforestudyinginmedicalcollegeinBostonin1860.Fouryearslater,shewasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomantoreceiveamedicaldegree.ShemovedtoVirginiain1865,wheresheprovidedmedicalcaretofreedslaves.21.WhatdidJacquelineandJameshaveinmon?A.Doingteachingjobs. B.Beinghiredasphysicians.C.Performingsurgery. D.Beingbannedfrommedicine.2.（2021·全國(guó)高考乙卷·閱讀理解A篇）TheBiggestStadiumsintheWorldPeoplehavebeenpouringintostadiumssincethedaysofancientGreece.Inaround80A．D．,theRomansbuilttheColosseum,whichremainstheworld’sbestknownstadiumandcontinuestoinformcontemporarydesign.Rome’sColosseumwas157feettallandhad80entrances,seating50,000people.However,thatwassmallfryparedwiththecity’sCircusMaximus,whichacmodatedaround250,000people.Thesedays,safetyregulationsnottomentionthemodernsportsfan’sdesireforagoodviewandfortableseat—tendtokeepstadiumcapacities（容量）slightlylower.Evensoccerfanstendtohaveaseateach;gonearethedaysofthousandsstandingtowatchthematch.Forthebiggeststadiumsintheworld,wehaveuseddatasuppliedbytheWorldAtlaslistsofar,whichranksthembytheirstatedpermanentcapacity,aswellasupdatedinformationfromofficialstadiumwebsites.Allthesestadiumsarestillfuntiona1,stillopenandstillhostingthebiggesteventsinworldsport.·Rungrado1stofMayStadium,PyongyangD．P.R.Korea.Capacity:150,000.Opened:May1,1989.·MichiganStadium,AnnArbor,Michigan,U.S.Capacity:107,601.Opened:October1,1927.·BeaverStadium,StateCollege,Pennsylvania,U.S.Capacity:106,572.Opened:September17,1960.·OhioStadium,Columbus,Ohio,U.S.Capacity:104,944.Opened:October7,1922.·KyleField,CollegeStation,Texas,U.S.Capacity:102,512.Opened:September24,1927.23．Whatdothelistedstadiumshaveinmon?A．Theyhostbiggames. B．Theyhavebeetouristattractions.C．TheywerebuiltbyAmericans. D．Theyarefavoredbyarchitects.1.結(jié)構(gòu)法：如果屬于“總分總”結(jié)構(gòu)，多從“總處”找依據(jù)；1.結(jié)構(gòu)法：如果屬于“總分總”結(jié)構(gòu)，多從“總處”找依據(jù)；2.排除法：可以運(yùn)用排除法，只要一項(xiàng)不合要求就應(yīng)該排除；3.關(guān)鍵詞法：依據(jù)題干劃出關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)，據(jù)此知道答案。閱讀理解之應(yīng)用文考點(diǎn)的必備知識(shí)：一、命題規(guī)律：1．命題規(guī)律：應(yīng)用文主要考查細(xì)節(jié)理解，近年來(lái)也會(huì)考查推理判斷、寫作意圖以及讀者對(duì)象等。應(yīng)用文閱讀材料簡(jiǎn)單明了，主要考查考生快速而準(zhǔn)確地獲取和理解文中具體細(xì)節(jié)信息的能力。2．考查類型：主要考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題兼顧推理判斷題。3．考查趨勢(shì)：考題以考查廣告、書信、列車或飛機(jī)的時(shí)刻表、產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明書、宣傳海報(bào)、簡(jiǎn)明新聞等應(yīng)用文，他們的目的都是為了向讀者傳輸信息。二、應(yīng)用文主要設(shè)題類型及特點(diǎn)1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題：針對(duì)應(yīng)用文體裁的閱讀訓(xùn)練多出現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。應(yīng)用文不同于一般的文章，應(yīng)用文的措辭簡(jiǎn)潔明了、直截了當(dāng)，在閱讀時(shí)須重點(diǎn)注意細(xì)節(jié)信息，最好采取跳讀這種閱讀方法。如：活動(dòng)的具體時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)是什么？音樂(lè)會(huì)的具體舉辦時(shí)間是什么？所倡議的活動(dòng)是針對(duì)哪些人展開的？2.主旨大意題：應(yīng)用文強(qiáng)調(diào)實(shí)用性，無(wú)論是信件、廣告、通知，還是倡議書、海報(bào)等，在閱讀時(shí)都應(yīng)該快速掌握其主旨大意。如：海報(bào)介紹的那部電影？通知的是哪個(gè)活動(dòng)？邀請(qǐng)哪些人參加什么活動(dòng)？這些都是主旨大意題考查的內(nèi)容。常見的主旨大意題的題干表達(dá)方式有“Theposterintroducesusto_______.”“Theemailmainlytellsusabout_______.”3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題：作者往往通過(guò)海報(bào)、廣告等形式的應(yīng)用文表明自己對(duì)于某事的態(tài)度，也可以通過(guò)通知、倡議書、邀請(qǐng)函等形式暗示自己對(duì)某次活動(dòng)的看法和態(tài)度。常見的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題的題干表達(dá)方式有“Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowards...”“Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthe...?”三、常用的解題方法1.應(yīng)用文中的細(xì)節(jié)理解題：在閱讀應(yīng)用文時(shí)主要是注意細(xì)節(jié)信息（時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物或數(shù)據(jù)），做題時(shí)，根據(jù)所提問(wèn)題中的關(guān)鍵詞定位，用尋讀、跳讀的方法更有效?！咀鲱}步驟】1.不需讀原文（有題目和小標(biāo)題的要看），直接看問(wèn)題，劃出問(wèn)題中的關(guān)鍵詞2.從題干中尋找關(guān)鍵詞，定位問(wèn)題答案【注意】①細(xì)節(jié)題的正確選項(xiàng)大都是相應(yīng)原文的變形(如同義改寫、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換等)②注意文中以粗體、大寫、下劃線等方式加以提示的文字，因?yàn)檫@很有可能是文章的核心或某一部分內(nèi)容的概括2.“共同點(diǎn)”題：①結(jié)構(gòu)法：如果屬于“總分總”結(jié)構(gòu)，多從“總處”找依據(jù)；②排除法：可以運(yùn)用排除法，只要一項(xiàng)不合要求就應(yīng)該排除；③關(guān)鍵詞法：依據(jù)題干劃出關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)，據(jù)此知道答案。3.文章出處題：“推斷文章出處”類試題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)入手來(lái)判斷其出處：旅游指南類文章(atravelguide)：此類文章旨在介紹某一旅游景點(diǎn)的自然景觀和人文特色，目的是吸引游客來(lái)訪。廣告英語(yǔ)類文章(anadvertisement)：現(xiàn)代生活中廣告無(wú)處不在，英語(yǔ)閱讀理解也是如此。有時(shí)會(huì)考查微型海報(bào)、通知、啟示、時(shí)刻表、圖表等。課件展示類文章(aclasspresentation)：此類文章往往緊扣主題，口語(yǔ)性強(qiáng)、語(yǔ)言活潑，形式新穎，伴隨有圖片、圖表、文字介紹等信息。網(wǎng)絡(luò)網(wǎng)頁(yè)類文章(anInternetpage)：此類文章往往會(huì)提供超級(jí)鏈接標(biāo)志，如Formoreinformation,pleaseclickhere.新聞報(bào)道類文章(anewsreport)：此類文章內(nèi)容廣泛，涉及人物、時(shí)政、教育、體育、科技等，突出新穎性、突發(fā)性和真實(shí)性。新聞呈“倒金字塔”結(jié)構(gòu)，第一段概括全文內(nèi)容最重要。研究報(bào)告類文章(aresearchpaper)：此類文章重點(diǎn)介紹科技領(lǐng)域最新研究成果：新發(fā)現(xiàn)、新思想、新發(fā)明。第一段概括介紹，然后分段陳述。文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，語(yǔ)言規(guī)范，句式復(fù)雜。圖書評(píng)論類文章(abookreview)：書評(píng)、影評(píng)類文章涉及到作者介紹，內(nèi)容梗概、人物性格評(píng)論，寫作特色以及個(gè)人好惡等內(nèi)容。科普雜志類文章(asciencemagazine)：此類文章內(nèi)容廣泛，涉及到日常生活習(xí)慣、健康飲食、太空與海洋、創(chuàng)造與發(fā)明、計(jì)算機(jī)發(fā)展、人類未來(lái)、動(dòng)物世界等。其重點(diǎn)是普及科學(xué)知識(shí)，提高科學(xué)素養(yǎng)?！?024年高考命題預(yù)測(cè)】根據(jù)高考考情分析2024年高考應(yīng)用文是必考點(diǎn)。將主要考查：（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題；（2）推理判斷題（出處題）等。預(yù)測(cè)考向1考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題（2024屆河北省部分學(xué)校高三五調(diào)·閱讀理解A）Basedon2023’snewbookreleases,wehaveafeelingthatwe’llbereadingallyearlong.Below,werehighlightingjustafewofthenewbooksingoutin2023thatyoumaywanttocheckout.ThePeopleWhoReportMoreStressByAlejandroValero$24.18Alejandro’sfirstnovelTheTownofBabyloncameoutin2022,andthisforthingshortstorycollection,fullofmemorablepersonalities,exploressimilarthemes:munity,relationships,modernincrediblelife,racismandparenthood.WhenTryingtoReturnHomeByJenniferMaritzaMcCauley$25.11Spanning(跨越)betweenPuertoRico,Pittsburgh,LouisianaandMiami,thisshortstorycollectionexplorestheplexitiesofbelongingandthetruemeaningofhome.EachindividualstoryandthethemesmentionedarewrittenthroughtheBlackAmericanandAfroLatinoexperiences.TheLastTaleoftheFlowerBrideByRoshaniChokshi$43.70RoshaniChokshi’sfirstsurprisingnovelforadultsisafairytalefilledstoryaboutmarriageandthesecretscoupleskeepfromeachother.That,andanenchanted(施過(guò)魔法的)houseoffthecoastofWashingtonandhotelfortune.IHaveSomeQuestionsforYouByRebeccaMakkai$27.90Imagineifyourlifewasthestuffofatruecrimedocumentary.BodieKanehastriedtomoveonpastthe1995murderofherboardingschoolroommate.Whenshereturnstotheboardingschoolasanadult,Bodierealizestherearestillmysteriesabouthowthecasewaswrappedupandjusticewasserved.1．WhatdoweknowaboutThePeopleWhoReportMoreStress?A．It’sthesecondexpensiveofthefour.B．It’sAlejandroValero’sfirstnovel.C．Itconsistsofsomeshortstories.D．Itdealswithseveraldifferentthemes.2．WhatisspecialaboutWhenTryingtoReturnHome?A．Itexploresmunity,relationshipsandsoon.B．Ittellsthetruemeaningofhomebyexperiences.C．IttellsanenchantedhouseoffthecoastofWashington.D．ItdescribeshowaBlackAmericanreturnstohishome.3．Whichofthefollowingbooksbestsuitsadetectivestorylover?A．ThePeopleWhoReportMoreStressB．WhenTryingtoReturnHomeC．TheLastTaleoftheFlowerBrideD．IHaveSomeQuestionsforYou預(yù)測(cè)考向2考查數(shù)字計(jì)算題（2024?廣東省高三聯(lián)考·閱讀理解A）SpecialEventsinDiscoveryCenterMuseumDiscoveryCenterMuseumisachildren’ssciencemuseumlocatedindowntownRockford,Illinois.EveryyearDiscoveryCenteroffersalargenumberofspecialevents,programs,classesandmore.AllspecialeventsareincludedwithadmissiontoDiscoveryCenterMuseum.Generaladmission:$10.00adults;$10.00childrenages217;freetoDiscoveryCenterMembersandchildrenage1andyounger.MiniMonet—PreschoolProgramSeptember11,202310:00amuntil11:30amPARENTSOFPRESCHOOLERS!Encourageyouryoungchild’sinterestinartwithspecialprojectsintheArtStudio.Ournew“MiniMonet”dropinprogramwillexploreadifferentartmediumfourtimesthisfall.Theprogramisforchildrenages26,alongwiththeirgrownups.WewillcelebratenatureinourSecretGarden“painting”withtissuepaper.Monethimselfwouldbeproud!munitySuperheroestotheRescueSeptember20,202310:00amuntil2:00pmWearyourfavoritesuperherocostumeandjoinourgatheringofmunitysuperheroes.MeetREALemergencyfirstrespondersandexplorethescienceourmunityheroesuseeveryday.Ifitdoesn’tgetcalledforanemergency,youcanevengetupclosetotheMercyhealthREACThelicopterandanMDIresponsevehiclefrom10amtoNooninourparkinglot.Intheafternoon,enjoyK9dogdemonstrationsat1:00and1:30pm.JimGillConcertOctober2,202310:00amuntil1:00pmConcertsat10:00amand1:00pm.Getreadytosing,clap,danceandspinalongduringthisvisitbyawardwinningmusicianandauthorJimGill.JimGill’sdistinctivemusicplayisaninvitationtochildren,parentsandgrandparentstosingandplaytogether.Magic&FairyTalesOctober14,202310:00am2:30pmMagicandfairytalesetolifeatDiscoverCenter!edressedincostumeandenjoyawonderfuldayofmagicshowsofTNZMagicactivitiesaswellasactivitiesrelatedtobelovedfairytales.1．Howmuchdoacouplewitha2agedboypaytoattendMiniMonetPreschoolProgram?A．$10.00. B．$20.00. C．$30.00. D．$40.00.預(yù)測(cè)考向3考查文章出處題（2024·皖南八校高三第二次大聯(lián)考·閱讀理解A）WelookforwardtowelingyoutoTheMet!Pleasereviewourvisitorguidelinesoutlinedbelowpriortoyourvisit.TheMetreservestherighttoaskvisitorswhodonotfollowtheseguidelinestoleavethemuseum.HealthandSafetyThehealthandsafetyofallisourpriority.Masksarestronglyremended.AdmissionEntranceintoTheMetrequiresaticketormembershipcard.Generaladmissionis$30foradults,$22forseniors,and$17forstudents.Admissionisfreeformembers,acaregiveracpanyingavisitorwithadisability,andchildrenunder12.OpeningHoursSundayTuesday,andThursday:10a.m.5p.m.FridayandSaturday:10a.m.9p.m.TheMetisclosedonWednesdays,ThanksgivingDay,ChristmasDay,NewYearDay,andthefirstMondayinMay.Rules◆AllvisitorsandMembersmustpassthroughsecuritychecks.◆Smoking,includingelectroniccigarettes,isnotallowedinTheMetorneartheentrances.◆Pleasepreserveyourticket.Youmaybeaskedtorevalidate(使重新生效)yourticketwhenexitingandreenteringthegalleries.◆TheMetreservestherighttorefusetheentryofanyvisitorcarryingthefollowingprohibiteditems:largebags,luggage,musicalinstruments,glasscontainers,liquidsotherthanwater,sportinggoods,anddogsorotherpets(Serviceanimalsarewele.).◆TheMetpermitsphotographyandvideoforprivate,nonmercialuse.StaffatYourServiceIfyouhaveleftsomethingbehindatTheMet,pleasecalltheLostandFoundOfficeat2125703981oremail.IfyouarecurrentlyvisitingTheMet,youcaninquiredirectlyattheSecurityDeskintheGreatHall.23．Whatisthetext?A．Financialstatements. B．Entranceregulations.C．Registrationinstructions. D．Experimentalprocedures.預(yù)測(cè)考向4考查讀者對(duì)象（2024·河南省新鄉(xiāng)市高三第一次模擬·閱讀理解A）Ifyou’relookingtoloseweightormaintainhealthyweightlevels,itisimportanttoincludeoatmeal(燕麥片)inyourdiet.Itishighlynutritious,containsthebestkindofplexcarbs(碳水化合物),andishighinfiber.Let’slearnsomethingaboutit.Whyisoatmealeffectiveforlosingweight?●Firstandforemost,oatmealisaperfectsourceoffiber,whichisessentialifyou’relookingtoloseweight.Simplyput,includingmorefiberintoyourdailydietistheeasiestwaytodropthosepounds.Why?Fibermakesyoufeelfullinadditiontodigestingslowly,andsoyoueatless.●Anotherfactoristhatoatmealhasazerosugarindex,meaningyourbodywon’tneedtoproducetheextrainsulin(胰島素)thattransferssugarintostoredfat.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatifyouhavelessstoredfattobeginwith,youaregoingtoweighless.Whichkindofoatmealisbest?Ifyourgoalistoloseweight,youshouldbeawarethatnotalloatmealisthesame.Thefourmostmontypesaresteelcutoatmeal,rolledoatmeal,quickoatmealandinstantoatmeal.●Steelcutoatmeal:Itcontainsthemostfiberandhasthelowestbloodsugarindex.Itisunprocessedandhasanuttierflavorthantheothertwowhereasquickoatmealhasthemildestflavor.●Rolledandquickoatmeal:Theyarenearlyasgood,soultimatelythedecisionismostlyabouttastepreferenc