三社教科普類-2022屆新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解

（3）社教科普類_2022屆新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解

專練

1.Everwonderedifdogscanlearnnewwords?Yes,sayresearchersastheyhavefound

thattalenteddogsmayhavetheabilitytograspnewwordsafterhearingthemonlyfour

times.

Whilepreviousevidenceseemstoshowthatmostdogsdonotlearnwords,unless

eventuallyverywelltrained,afewindividualshaveshownsomeextraordinaryabilities,

accordingtoastudypublishedinthejournalScientificReports.

，zWewantedtoknowunderwhichconditionsthegifteddogsmaylearnnovelwords”

saidresearcherClaudiaFugazzafromtheEotvosLordndUniversityinHungary.Forthestudy,

theteaminvolvedtwogifteddogs,WhiskyandVickyNina.Theteamexposedthedogsto

thenewwordsintwodifferentconditions.

Intheexclusion-basedtask,presentedwithsevenknowntoysandonenewtoy,the

dogswereabletoselectthenewtoywhenpresentedwithanewname.Researcherssaythis

provesthatdogscanchoosebyexclusionwhenfacedwithanewword,theyselectedthe

onlytoywhichdidnothaveaknownname.

However,thiswasnotthewaytheywouldlearnthenameofthetoy.Infact,when

theywerepresentedwithonemoreequallynewnametotesttheirabilitytorecognizethe

toybyitsname,thedogsgottotallyconfusedandfailed.

Theothercondition,thesocialone,wherethedogsplayedwiththeirownerswho

pronouncedthenameofthetoywhileplayingwiththedog,provedtobethesuccessful

waytolearnthenameofthetoy,evenafterhearingitonly4times."Therapidlearning

thatweobservedseemstoequalchildren'sabilitytolearnmanynewwordsatafastrate

aroundtheageof18months,〃Fugazzasays."Butwedonotknowwhetherthelearning

mechanisms（機(jī)制）behindthislearningarethesameforhumansanddogs.，z

Totestwhethermostdogswouldlearnwordsthisway,20otherdogsweretested

inthesamecondition,butnoneofthemshowedanyevidenceoflearningthetoynames,

confirmingthattheabilitytolearnwordsrapidlyintheabsenceofformaltrainingis

veryrareandisonlypresentinafewgifteddogs.

1.WhatwasthepurposeofthestudypublishedinScientificReports?

A.Tobettertraindogs，abilitytolearnnewwords.

B.Tofurtherconfirmpreviousevidenceaboutdogs.

C.Toproveextraordinarymemoryabilitiesofgifteddogs.

D.Toexplorefavorableconditionsforgifteddogs，new-wordlearning.

2.Howdidthedogsreactwhenexposedtotwonewnamesinthefirstcondition?

A.Slowtounderstand.B.Quicktolearn.C.Ataloss.1）.Inapanic.

3.Whatwasfoundaboutdogs'new-wordlearninginthesocialcondition?

A.Learningthroughplayingappliedtomostdogs.

B.Thesocialconditionhelpeddogslearnnewwords.

C?Dogs'new-wordlearningturnedouttobelesseffective.

D.Dogssharedsimilarlearningmechanismswithchildren.

4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.GiftedDogsCanLearnNewWordsRapidly.

B.DogsIdentifyNewly-namedToysbyExclusion.

C.DogsCanAcquireVocabularythroughTonsofTraining.

D.GiftedDogsHaveSimilarLearningAbilitiestoHumans.

2.Researchersstudied438kidsandtheirparentstoknowparents，influenceon

students，learning.Beforeaschoolyearstarted,theresearchersaskedparentstowrite

downhowanxioustheywouldfeelindifferentsituationsconnectedwithmath-likeplanning

theirmoneyspendingorcheckingtheirhouse，ssize.Theyalsocheckedtheirchildren's

mathanxietyinaschoolyear.

Thestudyfoundkidswhoseparentswereanxiousaboutmathlearnedlessmathover

theschoolyear.Andthesekidsdidn，tperformaswellonthetestsasthosewhohadn，t

beenexposedtomathanxiety.Besides,thesekidsalsoweremorelikelytobecomenervous

aboutmaththemselves.Thesekidswill“caught“thatanxietyiftheirparentshadoften

triedtohelpwiththeirhomework.Thisisanexampleofgoodintentionshavingabadresult.

Thestudy'sresultappearedinPsychologicalScience.ErinMaloneyledthestudy.As

someonewhohaspersonallyexperiencedmathanxiety,shesays,“Iwasalwaysverynervous

aboutmath,notonlytakingtestsbutalsolearningthenewconcepts（概念）.SoIreally

triedtobalkatmath,includingfindingexcusestomissmathtestsandnotwantingto

domathhomework."Itwasonlyaftershesawhowmathcouldbeappliedtoherpassion

thatshestartedtoenjoymath.

However,parentswithmathanxietyshouldstillsupporttheirkidsasthekidswork

onmathhomework.Buttheyshouldknowhelpingkidswithschoolworkrequiresmorethan

justgoingoverfactsandconcepts.Parentsshouldhelpkidslookforwaystohavefun

withmath,likeplayingmath-basedgames.Whenkidshavedifficultyinlearning,encourage

themtobravelyfaceit—butdon，tmakethemnervous.Whatcanstudentsdoifthey*re

alreadynervousaboutmath?Maloneysays,“Myearlierstudyshowedthatstudentswhowrote

downtheirfearsofmathbeforetakingamathtestperformedbetterinthattest.After

thewritingprocess,manystudentssaidtheirfearsweren*tsuchabigdeal.”

1.Whatwerethe438kids'parentsaskedtopresent?

A.Theirattitudestoschooleducation.

B.Theiropinionsonkids'mathability.

C.Theirwaystosolvekids'mathanxiety.

D.Theirmathanxietylevelsintheirdailylife.

2.WhatresultdidMaloney'steamreportinPsychologicalScience?

A.Kidsaremorelikelytobeafraidofmath.

B.Someparentspaylittleattentiontotheirkids'study.

C.Kidscanpickupnegativethoughtsaboutmathfromtheirparents.

D.Parentsshouldhelpwiththeirkids'homeworkaslittleaspossible.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“balkat“inparagraph2probablymean?

A.Enjoy.B.Avoid.C.Teach.D.Understand.

4.WhatadvicewouldMaloneyprobablygivetostudentsontheirmathanxiety?

A.Workingcloselywiththeirmathteachers.

B.Seekinghelpduringtheirlearningprocess.

C.Sparingsometimetogoovertheirnotesdaily.

D.Removingmathanxietybyadmittingittothemselves.

3.Pigsmaybemoreintelligentthanpeoplethought,asshowninastudywherepigs

usedajoystick（操縱桿）andplayedavideogame.Researchersused2-year-oldPanepinto

micropigscalledEbonyandIvory,aswellasHamletandOmelet,3-montholdYorkshirepigs.

Researchersfirsttaughtthesepigshowtoplaywithajoystick,teachingthemtheword,

“joystick”.Next,onthewords“watchthescreen,theylearnedhowtowatchtargetson

thescreen.Ofcourse,praisewasgiventotheactivepigswinningagame.

Duringtheexperiment,allpigsperformedwell.Astheybecamemoresuccessful,the

levelofdifficultyincreased,justlikeinhumanvideogames!Atfirst,thepigshadto

hitathree-walledtargetwhichwasthenreducedtotwowallsandthenonewall.

Allpigsdidwellwiththethree-walledtargets,however,thePanepintopigsperformed

betteronthemoredifficultlevels.OnedisadvantagefortheYorkshirepigswasthatthey

simplygrewsolargethattheycouldnolongerfitintheirtest.Afterafewmonths,Omelet

andHamletweretakenawayfromtheexperiment.

Dr.CandaceCroney,aleadinganimalbehaviorscientistinCambridge,said,“The

findingsofthestudyareimportantbecausewhatwedotopigsmatterstothem.Itwould

beniceforpeopletorealizehowspecialpigsare,andhowmuchmoreintelligentthey

maybethanwerecognized.Theresearcherssaidthatthepig'sactionsweredeliberate.

Thisledthemtobelievethatpigswereabletosuccessfullydonewtasks.

“Itmayencourageotherresearcherstousetouchscreensandcomputertechnology

tostudypig'sintelligenceinthefuture,“Croneysaid.Theteamhopesthistypeof

researchwillmakepeoplepaymoreattentiontothisfarmanimalandshowpeoplehowthey

canchangethelivesofanimals.

1.Whatdidtheresearchersdotothepigsatthebeginning?

A.Theystudiedtheirhabits

B.Theygavethemenoughfood

C.Theytrainedthemtoplayagame

D.Theygavethemspecialnames

2.Whatcouldwefindaboutthepigsintheexperiment?

A.Theycouldkeepfocusedforalongtime

B.Theytriedhardtowinthegamesforpraise

C.Theydidallthetaskswithoutanydifficulty

D.Theygothardertasksastheirperformanceimproved

3.WhatmadeOmeletandHamletunsuitablefortheexperimentlater?

A.TheirweightB.Theirbodysize

C.TheirpowerD.Theirintelligence

4.WhatisCroney，sattitudetowardstheresultsofthestudy?

A.PositiveB.DoubtfulC.UncertainD.Surprised

4.Nowscientistshavediscoveredthefirstevidence（證據(jù)）thattheanimalsactually

behaveliketheirmasters.Justlikechildren,theyusea“l(fā)ookandlearn“waywhich

meanstheycanmimic（模仿）humanJsactionswhengoingabouttheirtasks.

BiologistsandpsychologistsattheuniversitiesofViennaandOxforddesignedan

experimenttotestthetheory（理論）thatdogsdohavetheabilitytocopywhattheysee,

usingasimplewoodenbox.Inthestudy,tenownersshowedtheirdogshowtoopenthewooden

box,sometimesusingtheirheadstopushahandleandsometimesusingtheirhands.

Inthefirstpartofthetest,fivedogswererewardedwithapieceofsausagefor

copyingtheirowners'actions.Theotherfivewererewardedwithfoodfornotcopying,

andusingothermethods.Witheachdogtheexperimentwasrepeatedhundredsoftimes,and

thetimetakenforadogtogetit“right”on85percentofattempts（嘗試）（17goesout

of20）wasrecorded.Thedogsthatwereencouragedtomirrortheirownersreachedthis

pointalmostthreetimessooneronaveragethanthoserewardedfornotcopyingthem.In

thesecondpartofthetest,al1thedogswereonlyrewardedforcopyingthemethodtheir

ownersused.Thefivedogspreviously（先前）rewardedforcopyingtheirownersreachedthe

85percentmarkmorethantwiceastheotherfive.

InapaperpublishedinProceedingoftheRoyalSociety,theyconcluded,“Like

humans,dogscan'thelpimitatingactionstheysee."Goingfurther,theysaid,“The

resultssuggesttheimitative（模仿的）behaviorofdogsisshapedmorebytheir

developmentalinteractionswithhumansthanbytheirevolutionary（進(jìn)化的）historyof

domestication（馴化）.“

CarolineKisko,fromtheKennelclub,said,"Adog'sbehaviorisinfluencedmuch

likethatofachildlearningrightfromwrongandusingsimilarpatternsofbehavior.

Wehopethatownersunderstandtheimportanceoftheiractionsandusethisknowledgeto

setgoodexamplesandthereforepositivelyinfluencethebehavioroftheirpets.”

1.What*sthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.DogsAreIntelligentAnimals.B.DogsArelikeChildrenMost.

C.DogsBehavelikeTheirMasters.D.DogsCanCompleteSimpleTasks.

2.Theresearchersbelievedogs'imitativebehaviorcomesmainlyfrom.

A.human-doginteractionsB.humanrewards

C.evolutionD.domestication

3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Mastersshouldinfluencetheirdogsasearlyaspossible.

B.Aman,sbadbehaviormayinfluencehisdog.

C.Dogscan'tbeinfluencedbymeneasily.

D.Dogsalwaysbehavepositively.

5.Haveyoueverheardsomeonesay“Youtotallylooklikeyou'reaJessica”or

somethingsimilar?Peopleseemtothinkthattheyknowwhatkindofpersona,Jessica”

ora“Michael”lookslike.Whyisthis?

AccordingtoastudypublishedintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology,

humanstendtoassociatepeople'snameswiththeirappearances,andcanevenguess

someoneJsnamebasedonhowtheylook.

ResearchersattheHebrewUniversityofJerusalem,Israel,collectedthousandsof

photosofpeople?sfaces.Theylabeled（貝占標(biāo)簽于）eachphotowithfournames.Then,they

askedvolunteerstoguesswhichofthefournameswascorrect.

Thevolunteerswereabletoguesstherightname38%ofthetime.Itseemsthat

certaincharacteristicsoffacesgivethemcluesaboutsomeoneJsname,Reader'sDigest

reported.

However,thisonlyworkedwhenthevolunteerslookedatnamesfromtheirownculture.In

addition,thevolunteerswerenotasgoodatguessingtherealnamesofpeoplewhoused

nicknames（昵稱）moreoftenthantheirrealnames.ThismayshowthatapersonJsappearance

isaffectedbytheirnameonlyiftheyuseitoften.

“Thiskindofface-namematchinghappensbecauseofaprocessofself-fulfilling

prophecy（預(yù)言），aswebecomewhatotherpeopleexpectustobecome,“RuthMayofromtile

universitytoldsciencenewswebsiteEurekAlert.

Earlierstudieshaveshownthatgender（性另ij）andracestereotypes（亥！J板印象）can

affectapersonJsappearance.Theresearchersbelievetherearealsosimilarstereotypes

aboutnames.Forexample,peopletendtothinkthatmennamedBobshouldhaverounderfaces

becausetheworditselflooksround.PeoplemaythinkthatwomennamedRosearebeautiful.

Theyexpectthemtobe“delicate"and“female”,justliketheflowertheyarenamed

for.

1.Howisthisarticledeveloped?

A.Bygivingexamples.B.Byaskingquestions.

C.Bydoinganexperiment.D.Bycomparingdifferentcases.

2.Whatcanbeinferredfromthestudy?

A.Volunteersfounditmucheasiertoguessnicknames.

B.Nameshavedifferentassociationsindifferentcultures.

C.Volunteerscouldguessthecharacteristicsoftheinterviewees.

D.Thepeopleinthephotosandvolunteerswerefromthesameculture.

3.WhydosomepeoplelookliketheirnamesaccordingtoRuthMayo?

A.Theywanttopleaseeveryonearoundthem.

B.Theydon,twanttobedifferentfromothers.

C.Theytendtobecomewhatothersexpectthemtobecome.

D.Theyliketocopyfamouspeoplewhosharethesamename.

4.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.Whatdeterminesournames

B.Whywelooklikeournames

C.Howwegetridofourstereotypes

D.Howstereotypesaffectpeople'slooks

6.Itisatalltalethatterrifiesmostyoungchildren.Swallowpieceofchewing

gumanditwillremaininyourbodyforsevenyearsbeforeitisdigested（消化）.Aneven

worsetaleisthatswallowedgumcanwrapitselfaroundyourheart.

Butwhatdoeshappenifyoushouldaccidentallyeatastickofgum?Chewinggumis

madeoutofgumbase,sweeteners,coloringandflavoring.Thegumbaseispretty

indigestible,itisamixtureofdifferentingredient（成分）thatourbodycan,tabsorb（吸

收）.

Mostofthetime,yourstomachreallycannotbreakdownthegumthewayitwould

breakdownotherfoods.However,yourdigestivesystemhasanotherwaytodealwiththings

youeat.Afterall,weeatlotsofthingsthatweareunabletofullydigest.Theykeep

movingalonguntiltheymakeitallthewaythroughthegut（腸子）andcomeoutattheother

endoneortwodayslater.

Thesaliva（唾液）inourmouthswillmakeanattemptatdigestingchewinggumas

soonasweputitinourmouths.Jtmightgetthroughtheshellbutmanyofgum'sbase

ingredientsareindigestible.It'sthendowntoourstomachmuscles-whichcontract（收

縮）andrelax,muchlikethewayanearthwormmovestoslowlyforcethethingsthatweswallow

throughoursystems.

Swallowingahugepieceofgumorswallowingmanysmallpiecesofguminashort

timecancauseablockagewithinthedigestivesystem,mostofteninchildren,whohave

athinnerdigestivetubethanadults-butthisisextremelyrare.

1.Childrenmightfeelterrifiedafterswallowingchewinggummainlybecause.

A.theybelievethetalltalesaboutchewinggum

B.chewinggumwillstayintheirbodyforyears

C.theirheartwillbewrappedbychewinggum

D.chewinggumisindigestibleforchildren

2.Whathappenstothefoodthatcan，tbefullybrokendown?

A.Itremainsinourdigestivesystemforever.

B.Itwillbeeventuallymovedoutofourbody.

C.Itwillfightagainstthepowerofthegut.

D.Itwillsticktothegutforoneortwodays.

3.Theword"It"inthe4thparagraphrefersto.

A.theattempt.B.thesalivaC.theshellD.thegumbase

4.Whatwouldbethebesttitlefortext?

A.Howdoesourdigestivesystemwork?

B.Canchewinggumbeswallowedbykids?

C.Doesswallowingchewinggummatter?

D.Whyswallowingchewinggumfrightenskids?

7.InastudypublishedinNatureMachineIntelligence,researchersatOhioState

Universityshowhowartificialintelligence（AI）canfollowclinicaltrialstoidentify

drugsforre-purposing,asolutionthatcanhelpadvanceinnovativetreatments.

Re-purposingdrugsislegalandnotunusual.Whendoctorsprescribe（開處方）drugsthat

havebeenapprovedbytheFoodandDrugAdministration（FDA）forpurposesdifferentfrom

whatisprintedonthelabels,thedrugsarebeingused“off-label”.Justbecauseadrug

isFDA-approvedforaspecifictypeofdiseasedoesnotpreventitfromhavingpossible

benefitsforotherpurposes.

Forexample,Metformin,adrugthatisFDA-approvedfortreatingtype2diabetes,

isalsousedtotreatPCOS（adiseaseofwomen）,andotherdiseases.Trazodone,an

anti-depressantwithFDA-approvaltotreatdepression,isalsoprescribedbydoctorsto

helptreatpatientswithsleepissues.

TheOhioStateUniversityresearchteamcreatedanAIdeeplearningmodelfor

predictingtreatmentprobabilitywithpatientdataincludingthetreatment,outcomes,and

potentialcon-founders（干擾因素）.

Con-foundersarerelatedtotheexposureandoutcome.Forexample,aconnectionis

identifiedbetweenmusicfestivalsandincreasesinskinrashes（紅疹）.Musicfestivals

donotdirectlycauseskinrashes.Inthiscase,onepossibleconfoundingfactorbetween

thetwomaybeoutdoorheat,asmusicfestivalstendtorunoutdoorswhenthetemperature

ishigh,andheatisaknowncauseforrashes.Whenworkingwithreal-worlddata,

con-founderscouldnumberinthethousands.AIdeeplearningiswell-suitedtofind

patternsinthecomplexityofpotentiallythousandsofcon-founders.

Theresearcherteamusedcon-foundersincludingpopulationdataandco-prescribed

drugs.Withthisproof-of-concept,nowclinicianshaveapowerfulAItooltorapidly

discovernewtreatmentsbyre-purposingexistingmedications.

1.Whatdoweknowaboutadrugusedoff-label?

A.Itissoldwithoutalabel.

B.Itisavailableatalowprice.

C.Itsusesextendbeyondtheoriginalones.

D.Itsclinicaltrialsarerejectedbydoctors.

2.MetforminandTrazodonearesimilarasbothofthem

A.areusedoff-labelB.treatrarediseases

C.resultinsleepissuesD.aremedical

breakthroughs

3.Whatcanbeinferredabout“con-founders”?

A.Theyarepossibletreatments.

B.Theyareenvironmentalfactors.

C.Theycanbeeasilyrecognizedinreal-worlddata.

D.Theyshouldbetakenintoseriousconsideration.

4.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.AIexaminesbenefitsofexistingdrugs.

B.AIidentifiesoff-labelusesfordrugs.

C.AIfindsnewdrugsforcommondiseases.

D.AIprovesthepowerofdrugresearch.

8.Middle-agedspreadcannotbeblamedonadecliningmetabolism（新陳代謝），

accordingtoananalysisofthebody,senergyuse.

Thestudy,of6,400people,fromeightdaysolduptoage95,in29countries,

suggeststhemetabolismremains“rocksolid“throughoutmid-life.Itpeaksattheage

ofone,isstablefrom20to60andthenunavoidabledeclines.Thestudy,publishedin

thejournalScience,foundfourphasesofmetaboliclife:Firstperiod,birthtoageone,

whenthemetabolismshiftsfrombeingthesameasthemother*stoalifetimehigh50%

abovethatofadults.Secondperiod,agentleslowdownuntiltheageof20,withnosharp

changeduringalltheprocessofadolescence.Thirdperiod,nochangeatallbetweenthe

agesof20and60.Fourthperiod,apermanentdecline,withyearlyfallsthat,by90,leave

metabolism26%lowerthaninmid-life.

ProfJohnSpeakman,oneoftheresearchers,fromtheUniversityofAberdeen,said,

“Themostsurprisingthingformeisthatthereisnochangethroughoutadulthood一if

youareexperiencingmid-lifespreadyoucannolongerblameitonadecliningmetabolic

rate.”

People'smetabolismwasmeasuredusingdoublylabelledwater（雙標(biāo)水）.Butdoubly

labelledwaterisincrediblyexpensive,soittookresearchersworkingtogetheracross

29countriestogatherdataon6,400people.

Theresearcherssaidfullyunderstandingthechangingmetabolismcouldhavea

possibleimpactonmedicine.ProfHermanPontzerfromDukeUniversitysaiditcouldhelp

revealwhethercancersspreaddifferentlyasthemetabolismchangesandifdrugdosescould

beadjustedduringdifferentphases.ProfTomSanders,fromKing,sCollegeLondon,

said:uInterestingly,theyfoundveryfewdifferencesintotalenergyusebetweenearly

adultlifeandmiddleage-atimewhenmostadultsindevelopedcountriesputonweight”.

Thesefindingswouldsupporttheviewthattheobesityepidemicisfuelledbyexcessfood

energyintakeandnotadeclineinenergyuse.

1.Whatdotheresearchersfindaboutthemetabolism?

A.Itgraduallydeclinesforadults.

B.Thehighestmetabolicrateisatage20.

C.Itreachesthehighestpointinchildhood.

D.Itsdeclinehaslittletodowithmiddle-agedspread.

2.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?

A.Science.B.Business.C.Entertainment.D.Culture.

3.What'sthedifficultywhenconductingthestudy?

A.Thehighcost.B.Thelongresearchtime.

C.Limitedmedicaltechnology.D.Selectionofresearchobjects.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat.

A.thechangingmetabolismcouldleadtocancers.

B.mostadultsgainweightbecauseoftakingintoomuchfood.

C.energyusekeepsthesamefromearlyadultlifetomiddleage.

D.Sandersthoughtdrugdosescouldbeadjustedduringdifferentphases.

答案以及解析

1.答案:1-4DCBA

解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段"，Wewantedtoknowunderwhichconditionsthegifted

dogsmaylearnnovelwords,'saidresearcherxuekwClaudiaFugazzafromtheEotvosLordnd

UniversityinHungary.”（匈牙利EotvosLordnd大學(xué)的研究員ClaudiaFugazza說:"我們想知

道這些有天賦的狗在什么情況下可以學(xué)習(xí)新單詞。）可知研究的目的是想探索出狗在什么情況下可

以學(xué)習(xí)新單詞。故選D。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Infact,whentheywerepresentedwithonemoreequallynewname

totesttheirabilitytorecognizethetoybyitsname,thedogsgottotallyconfusedand

failed."（事實(shí)上，當(dāng)給它們一個(gè)同樣的新名字來測(cè)試它們通過名字識(shí)別玩具的能力時(shí)?，狗完全困

惑了，并失敗了。）可知，在第一種環(huán)境下狗非常的困惑。故選C。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"Theothercondition,thesocialone,wherethedogsplayed

withtheirownerswhopronouncedthenameofthetoywhileplayingwiththedog,proved

tobethesuccessfulwaytolearnthenameofthetoy,evenafterhearingitonly4

times."（另一種情況是社會(huì)性的，在這種情況下,狗狗和它們的主人一起玩耍,主人在和狗狗玩耍

的同時(shí)念出了玩具的名字。結(jié)果證明，即使只聽了4次,狗狗也能成功地記住玩具的名字。）可推此

在社會(huì)性條件下可以幫助狗狗學(xué)習(xí)新的單詞。故選B。

4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Everwonderedifdogscanlearnnewwords?Yes,sayresearchers

astheyhavefoundthattalenteddogsmayhavetheabilitytograspnewwordsafterhearing

themonlyfourtimes."（想知道狗狗能不能學(xué)會(huì)新單詞嗎?是的,研究人員稱，因?yàn)樗麄儼l(fā)現(xiàn)，聰明

的狗狗可能只聽四次就能掌握新單詞。）以及文章中的案例,可知本篇文章主要講述的是有天賦的狗

能快速學(xué)習(xí)新單詞。故選A。

2.答案：1.Dj2.C;3.B;4.D

解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的"theresearchersaskedparentstowritedown...checking

theirhouse'ssize”可知，這些家長(zhǎng)被要求提供他們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪性诓煌闆r下對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)的焦慮程度。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“kidswhoseparentswereanxiousaboutmathlearnedless

math...thosewhohadn'tbeenexposedtomathanxiety”可推斷，孩子從父母那里得到了關(guān)于

數(shù)學(xué)的負(fù)面想法,父母對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)的焦慮可能會(huì)影響孩子的數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。

3.詞義猜測(cè)題。根